De

fi
ni
ti
ons

 I
nci
dent
:wor
k-r
el
at
ede
vent
(s)i
nwhi
cha
ninj
uryori
l
lhe
alt
h(r
ega
rdl
ess
ofse
verit
y)orfa
tal
ityoccur
red,orcoul
dhaveoccur
red
 Acci
de nt:Anacci
de nti
sanincide
ntwhichhasgiv
enri
setoinj
ury
,il
lhea
lt
horfa
tal
i
ty.
 Nearmi ss
:Anincidentwherenoinjur
y,i
llhe
alt
h,orfat
al
it
yoccursmayal
sober
efe
rre
dtoa
sa“
nea
r
-mi
ss”,“near
-hi
t”
,“ clos
ecal
l”or“danger
ous
occ
urrence
” .

E.
g.ConsideranOils
pil
l
ageonthefl
oor.
..Apers
ons l
i
ppedont hatbutdi
dn’
tfal
l.
..
.thati
sa
nea
rmiss..t
hes e
condpers
onsli
ppedandfal
lonthefl
oorres
ulti
nginanbackinj
ury.
..t
hati
s
anacci
dent.
..nowwec ansaybot
hoftheseasi
ncide
nts.
..meansinci
dent
sarecat
egori
zed
i
ntotwo,i.e
.1-NearMis
sand2 -
Acci
dent
s

 L
TI:
LTIi
sawor
kre
lat
edi
nj
uryori
l
lne
sst
hatr
esul
tsa
sini
ndi
vi
dua
ltha
tisuna
blet
owor
kon
s
ubs
eque
ntda
yors
che
dul
eds
hif
t.

 S
afe
ty:S
afe
tyi
sthec
ondi
ti
onofb
eingpr
ote
cte
dfr
omorunl
i
kel
ytoc
aus
eda
nge
r,r
is
k,ori
nj
ury
.

 He
alt
h:I
dent
if
ia
ble
,adv
ers
ephy
sic
alorme
nta
lcondi
ti
ona
ri
si
ngf
roma
nd/
orma
dewor
sebyawor
k
a
cti
vi
tya
nd/
orwor
k-r
el
at
eds
it
uat
ion

 Oc
cupa
ti
ona
lIl
l
nes
s:Di
ese
swhi
chma
yha
vec
aus
edbyI
nha
lat
ion,a
bsor
pti
onordi
re
ctc
ont
act
.

 Envir
onment:Thes umt ot
a l
ofalls urroundi
ng sofal
ivi
ngorg
anis
m
Itincl
udesnaturalforcesandot he rli
vingthings
,whichprovi
decondi
tionsfordeve
lopmentand
growthaswellasofda ngerandda ma ge.
 Air
 Land
 Wa t
er
 Flora
 Fauna
TheWor kplaceenvir
onme ntisthes urr
oundingorsour
ceswhic
hmaya f
fec
tt hewel
fa
reofthewor
ker
posit
iv
elyornegati
vely.
 level
soflighti
ng
 Noi s
e
 Dus t
 He at
 Vibrat
ion
 Adv er
s eweatherc onditi
ons
 Wi nd
 Fo g
 Ra in
 Sa nds t
orm

 We
lf
ar:L
e ook
inga
fte
rpe
opl
e’
sba
sicne
eds
.

 Oc
cupa
ti
ona
lHy
gie
nei
nvol
vest
her
ecog
nit
ion,a
sse
ssme
nt,pr
eve
nti
ona
ndc
ont
rolofha
zar
dst
o
he
alt
hre
sul
ti
ngf
romt
hee
nti
res
pec
trumofi
ndus
tr
ia
lac
ti
vi
ti
es

 Ha
zar
d:s
our
ce,s
it
uat
ion,ora
ctwi
thapot
ent
ia
lforha
rmi
nte
rmsofhuma
ninj
uryori
l
lhe
alt
hora
c
ombi
nat
ionoft
hes
e
 Ri
sk:c
ombi
nat
ionoft
hel
i
kel
i
hoodofa
noc
cur
renc
eofaha
zar
douse
ventore
xpos
ure(
s)a
ndt
he
s
eve
ri
tyofinj
uryorillhe
alt
htha
tca
nbec
aus
edbyt
hee
ventore
xpos
ure
.Ex
ampl
e;f
al
l,f
ir
e,
e
xpl
osi
on,e
lec
troc
uti
on

 OH&Spol
i
cy:ov
era
lli
nte
nti
onsa
nddi
re
cti
onofa
nor
gani
zat
ionr
el
at
edt
oit
sOH&Spe
rfor
manc
eas
f
orma
ll
yex
pre
sse
dbyt
opma
nag
eme
nt

 Ri
ska
sse
ssme
nt:pr
oce
ssofe
val
uat
ingt
her
is
k(s
)ar
is
ingf
romaha
zar
d(s
),t
aki
ngi
ntoa
ccountt
he
a
dequa
cyofa
nye
xis
ti
ngc
ont
rol
s,a
ndde
cidi
ngwhe
the
rornott
her
is
k(s
)isa
cce
pta
ble

 HS
EPl
an:Adoc
ume
ntpr
epa
redpr
iort
othec
ons
tr
uct
ionpha
sewhi
chi
ncl
ude
sade
scr
ipt
ionoft
he
construc
t i
onwo r
k,i ncl
udi
ngtheprojec
ts c
hedule,detai
lsofther i
skstohe al
th,a nds afe
ty,of
construc
t i
onper
sonne la
ndtheenv
ir
onme nt
,anda nyinf
ormati
onthatthepr
inci
palcontra
ctorandhis
subcontract
orsrequiretobea bl
et ounde r
standa ndc omplywi t
h CLI
E NT requi
reme nts
.The
docume ntisdevelopedint wost
ages;aP r
e-te
nd erPl
ani spre
paredbyt heP l
annings upervi
sor
.
Continuingdevel
opme ntoftheHeal
th,Saf
ety,andE nvi
ronmenta
lplanist her
espons i
bi
lityofthe
P
ri
nci
pal
Cont
rac
tor .
 F
ata
li
ty
:isc
las
sif
ic
ati
onofde
ath,r
esul
ti
ngf
romwor
kinj
ury
,orOc
cup
ati
ona
lil
l
nes
s.

 Conf
ine
dspa
ce:As
pac
ewhi
chbyde
sig
nha
sli
mit
edope
ningf
ore
ntr
yande
xit
.Iti
snoti
nte
nde
d
f
orcont
inuousempl
oyeeocc
upancy
.Itc
ouldc
ontai
norproduceda
ng e
rousai
rcont
ami
nant
s.
Conf
ine
ds pac
eincl
ude
stanks
,ves
sel
s,t
ankca
rs,pi
ts
,se
we rsa
ndtrenches

 F
ir
stAi
d:Anyone
-ti
meme
dic
alt
rea
tme
ntort
rea
tme
ntr
ende
redi
ni
ti
al
lyi
name
dic
ale
mer
genc
y
be
for
ede
fi
ni
ti
veme
dic
alc
arei
sobt
ai
ned

TheFi
rs
tAidmeansthehe
lpg
ive
ntoi
nj
ure
dvi
ct
imt
il
lthedoc
tora
rri
vesori
nj
ure
dpe
rsoni
s
tr
ans
port
edtodoct
or.

Fi
rs
tAidi
stheeme
rgenc
ycareg
ive
ntoa
ninj
ure
dpe
rsonbyame
mbe
roft
hec
ommuni
tyunt
il
medi
calc
arec
anbeobta
ine
d

 E
rgonomi
cs:E
rgono
mic
sist
hes
cie
nti
fi
cst
udyoft
hei
nte
rre
lat
ions
hipsbe
twe
enpe
opl
e,t
hei
rjobs
,
t
hewor
ki
nge
nvi
ronme
nt,t
hee
qui
pme
ntus
eda
ndt
hewor
ki
ngs
yst
emsope
rat
ed
‘
Huma
nfa
ctor
seng
ine
eri
ng‘
or‘
thes
cie
nti
fi
cst
udyofwor
k’

 Ac
utee
ffe
ct:Ar
api
dl
ypr
oduc
ede
ffe
ctf
oll
owi
ngas
ing
lee
xpos
uret
oanof
fendi
nga
gent
.

 Chr
oni
cef
fec
t:Ane
ffe
ctpr
oduc
eda
sar
esul
tofpr
olong
ede
xpos
ureorr
epe
ate
dex
pos
ure
sofl
ong
dur
ati
on.Conc
ent
rat
ionsoft
heof
fendi
nga
gentma
ybel
owi
nbot
hca
ses
.

 F
oodS
afe
ty:As
sur
anc
etha
tfo
odwi
l
lnotc
aus
eha
rmt
othec
ons
ume
rwhe
niti
spr
epa
reda
nd/
or
e
ate
nac
cor
dingt
oit
sint
ende
dus
e.
 Uns
afeAc
t:S
ome
thi
ngape
rsondoe
stha
tca
nca
usea
nac
cide
ntori
nj
ury
.
 Uns
afeCondi
ti
on:As
it
uat
ion,whi
ch,i
fitc
ont
inue
s,c
anl
eadt
oana
cci
dentori
nj
ury
.
 L
EL:Themini
mumconc
ent
rat
ionofacombus
ti
bl
e/
fl
amma
bleg
asorv
apouri
nai
rtha
twi
l
l
i
gni
teifa
nigni
ti
ons
our
cei
sprese
nt.
Thel
owe
stc
onc
ent
rat
ionofe
xpl
osi
veg
asi
nai
rata
tmos
phe
ri
cpr
ess
urec
apa
bleofbe
ing
 i
gni
te
d.Thef
ig
urei
sex
pre
sse
daspe
rce
nta
gebyv
olume

H&SMa
nag
eme
ntS
yst
ems

 HSG65,20
03‘Successf
ul he
alt
handsafet
yma nag
ements
yste
ms ’
.(HSE)
 I
LO-OSH,200
1:‘Guidel
inesonoccupat
ional
safe
tyandhe
alt
hma nage
me ntsys
tems
’.(
ILO)
 OSHAS18001:
2007:‘occupat
iona
lsaf
etyandheal
thmanag
eme nts
yst
ems ’
.(BSI
)

Ke
yel
eme
ntsofs
ucc
ess
ful
hea
lt
hands
afe
tyma
nag
eme
nt
ADNOCHS
EMSE
leme
nts
He
alt
handS
afe
tyP
oli
cy
Ove
ral
li
nte
nti
onsanddi
re
cti
onofa
nor
gani
zat
ionr
el
at
edt
oit
sOH&Spe
rfor
manc
easf
orma
ll
yex
pre
sse
d
byt
opmanage
me nt

Thepur
pos
eofs
afe
typol
i
cy
a
)se
toutt
hema
nag
eme
nt’
scommi
tme
ntt
osa
fet
y.
b)S
etoutt
heor
gani
zat
iona
nda
rra
nge
ment
scont
rol
l
ingwor
kre
lat
edha
zar
ds.
c
)Pr
ote
ctpe
opl
efr
omi
nj
urya
ndoc
cupa
ti
ona
lil
hea
lt
h.
d)Compl
ywi
tht
hel
ega
lre
qui
re
ment
sanda
voi
dpr
ose
cut
ion.
e
)Ma
nag
ehe
alt
hands
afe
tyonac
oste
ffe
cti
veba
sis
.

Thr
eema
ins
ect
ionofpol
i
cy

1
) Gene
ral
polic
y(ASta
tementofI
nte
nt)-what
de
monstr
atemana
gementcommi
tmenttohe
alt
hands
afe
ty,a
nds
etg
oal
sobj
ect
iv
es.

2
) Theorg
aniz
ati
on-who
toi
dent
if
yheal
thands
afe
tyr
espons
ibi
l
it
ie
sre
por
ti
ngl
i
neswi
thi
nthec
ompa
ny.

3
) Arr
ange
ment
s–how
se
touti
ndet
ai
lthes
pec
if
ics
yst
emsa
ndpr
oce
dur
esf
ori
mpl
eme
nti
ngt
hes
afe
typol
i
cy

Ge
ner
alpol
i
cy(
ast
ate
mentofi
nte
nt)
-wha
t.

 Anout
li
neoft
heor
gani
zat
iona
lappr
oac
h.
 Ai
msa
ndobj
ect
iv
es
 Commi
tme
nt
 Compl
i
anc
ewi
thl
ega
lobl
i
gat
ions
.
 Ade
qua
ter
esour
ces
 Ade
qua
tet
rai
ni
ng.
 Ke
epi
ngupt
oda
te.
 S
igna
tur
eofk
eype
rso
nal
.

Theor
gani
zat
ion–who

 Di
re
ctor
sands
eni
orma
nag
ers
.(S
ett
ingpol
i
cya
ndobj
ect
iv
es.
)
 L
inema
nag
ers
.(I
mpl
eme
ntpol
i
cyi
nthe
irde
par
tme
nt.
)
 S
upe
rvi
sor
s.(
Che
cki
ngc
ompl
i
anc
ewi
tht
hes
afe
ty.
)
 S
afe
tya
dvi
sor
s.(
Adv
isi
ngc
ompa
nya
nac
cide
nta
ndc
ompl
i
anc
e.)
 E
mpl
oye
es.(
Res
pons
ibi
l
it
yforowna
ndot
her
’ss
afe
ty.
)
 F
ir
ema
rsha
ls.(
Ens
uree
vac
uat
iono
fbui
l
dinga
ndr
oll
cal
l
s.)
 F
ir
sta
ide
rs.(
Topr
ovi
def
ir
sta
id.
)
Ar
rang
eme
nts-HOW.

 S
afe
tyt
rai
ni
ng
 S
afes
yst
emofwor
k
 Ri
ska
sse
ssme
nt
 E
nvi
ronme
nta
lmoni
tor
ing
 S
afe
tymoni
tor
ing
 Ac
cide
ntr
epor
ti
ng/
inv
est
ig
ati
on
 Ma
int
ena
nceofpl
ant
 Hous
eke
epi
ng
 Wor
ki
nga
the
ight
 Ma
nua
lha
ndl
i
ng
 Conf
ine
dspa
ce
 S
afe
tymoni
tor
ing
 P
PEi
ssue
sandus
e
 Ac
cide
ntr
epor
ti
ng/
inv
est
ig
ati
on
 P
ermi
ttowor
k
 F
ir
eandf
ir
sta
id
 Ra
dia
ti
on,noi
se,dus
tandf
ume
s
 S
afe
tyofne
war
ti
cl
esa
nds
ubs
tanc
es
 S
tor
age
,tr
ans
por
tat
ionorha
ndl
i
ngofha
zar
douss
ubs
tanc
es.

Wha
tist
heRi
skAs
ses
sme
ntme
thod
Themai
ndif
fer
enc
eis-i
nquant
it
ati
veRAuus enumer
ict
ode noter
is
ks,s
emi
qua
nti
ta
ti
ve-nume
ri
cand
al
pha
bet
s,qual
i
tat
iv
e-inwor
ds.Fo
rexampl
ejustus
eofHigh,lowetc

Qua
nti
ta
ti
veRi
skAs
ses
sme
nt(
QRA)
As
tr
uct
ure
dappr
oac
htoa
sse
ssi
ngt
hepot
ent
ia
lfori
nci
dent
sande
xpr
ess
ing
Thispot
ent
ia
lnumer
ic
all
y.I
nQRAs
tat
is
ti
cal
val
uesa
rede
ri
vedf
orpot
ent
ia
llos
sofl
i
fea
ndda
mag
eto
re
source
sandenv
ir
onment.
QRAuseshi
stor
ica
l/
st
ati
st
ic
alandf
ai
lur
eda
taal
ongwit
hcompute
rgenera
tedc
onsequenc
emodel
i
ngto
ge
ner
ate‘
people
’ri
skdat
a.Fr
omQRAsonewil
lgeti
ndi
vi
dua
lri
sk(I
R),publ
icr
is
kand/ors
oci
et
alr
is
k(S
R).

S
emi
-qua
nti
ta
ti
veRi
skAs
ses
sme
nt
Thesemi-
qua
nti
tat
iv
eappr
oachdepe
ndsonasel
ectt
eamofexpe
ri
encedper
sonnel
whoha
vea
cce
sst
o
acc
ide
nt,hi
st
ori
cala
ndfai
l
uredat
atomake“
prof
essi
ona
l”pr
obabi
li
tydec
isi
ons.

Qua
li
ta
ti
veRi
skAs
ses
sme
nt
Thequa
li
ta
ti
vea
ppr
oac
hal
sous
esar
is
kpot
ent
ia
lma
tri
xasag
uidei
nde
ter
mini
ngr
is
kpo
tent
ia
l.

TheRi
skAs
ses
sme
ntP
roc
ess

Ther
is
kas
ses
sme
ntpr
oce
ssc
anbebr
oke
ndowni
ntos
ixbr
oads
tag
es:
1.I
dentif
ic
a t
ionofhaza r
dsandde fi
nit
ionofrepre
senta
ti
vescenari
osfors
tudy(Sec
ti
on2 )
.
2.Analys
isofthepotentialc
onsequencesofeachscenari
o(Sect
ion3)
3.Calc
ulat
ionoftheex pecte
dfrequencyofeachs c
enari
o(Secti
on4)
4.Calc
ulat
ionoftheproba bi
li
tyofpotenti
alscenar
iooutc
ome s(Sec
ti
on4 )
5.Summa t
ionofs c
enariostoproduceame asureofri
sk(Sec
ti
on4 )
6.I
nterpr
etat
ionofthec al
culat
edriskt
odr a
wr ele
vantandpracti
calc
oncl
usions(
Sect
ion5)
Thesesta
gesc anbeuse dtoget
her,ori
ndivi
dua ls
tage
sc a
nbeus edsepar
ate
lytohel
pinma k
ings
pec
if
ic
deci
si
ons.

S
tepsofARA(
GAS
CO)
1
) TAS
K(De
scr
ipt
ionofTa
skS
tep)
2
) HAZARD(
Haz
ardDe
scr
ipt
ion&E
ffe
cta
ndWhoorWha
tmi
ghtbeHa
rme
d)
3
) I
NITI
ALRI
SK(
Haz
ardc
ons
eque
nce
,Pr
oba
bil
i
tya
ndRi
skRa
ti
ng)
4
) CONTROL(
Cont
rol
sMe
asur
esa
nd/orRe
cov
eryMe
asur
es)
5
) RE
SIDUALRI
SK(
Haz
ardc
ons
eque
nce
,Pr
oba
bil
i
ty,Ri
skRa
ti
nga
ndRe
sidua
lri
sk)
Ty
pic
alr
is
kle
vel
s
J
SAme
ans
?
I
tist
echni
quet
oide
nti
fyt
heda
nge
rsofs
pec
if
ict
aski
nor
dert
ore
duc
ether
is
kofi
nj
uryt
owor
k
f
orce

RECOMME NDED S
OFPOBS
ERVATI
ON
BASI
CJOB POTENTI
AL
ACTION,PROCEDURE
S
TEP
S HAZARDS AtRi
sk
ANDP PE S
afe

1
.Fi
rea
ndf
ir
epr
eve
nti
on
F
ir
etr
ia
ngl
e

Ma
inc
aus
esoff
ir
e
 El
ect
ri
cal fa
ul t
s
 Mis
useofe lectri
calequipment
 Smoker
’sma ter
ia
ls
 Ci
garet
telighters
 Smoki
ngi npr ohi
bit
e da r
eas
 Los
sofc ontroloverthefir
ingofrubbis
h
 Oil
/g
ashe atingequipme ntandporta
bleheat
ers
 Unsaf
es torageofma teri
al
s
 Nakedfl
a mewor k/we ldi
ng,gascutt
ing,bur
ning
,ca
ndl
ese
tc,
,

Cl
ass
if
ic
ati
onofF
ir
e(E
urope
anS
tanda
rd)

 ClassA–f i
rest hati nv olves ol
idma t
erial
s,usuall
yofanor ganicna ture,sucha swood,car
dboar
d,
paper,hardboa r
d ,s oftf urni
s hi
ng ssucha scar
petsandc urt
ai
ns ,inwhi chc ombus ti
onnor
ma l
ly
take
spl a
ce swi t
ht hef or mationofg l
owinge mbe rs
.
 ClassB–f irestha tinv ol veli
quidss ucha spet
rol,par
affi
n,whi tespiri
t,thi
nne rs
,v a
rni
shandpai
nts
orLiquef
iables olidss uc ha sc a
ndl es(wa x)andf at
s.
 ClassC-f ir
est ha tinv olveg asess ucha sL PG(i.
e.butane,propa ne)orthos einvolv
ingna
tura
lgas.
 ClassD-f ire
st ha tinv olveme t
alss ucha ssodium,lit
hium,ma ng a
ne s
ea nda l
umi ni
umwhe ninthe
for
mofs wa r
forpo wde r
.
 ClassF–f ir
est ha tinv olvec ookingme diumss uchasve get
ableora ni
ma loilandfatsi
ncooki
ng
appl
iances.S uchf i resa repa rt
icularl
ydiffic
ulttoexti
ng ui
sha sthe yretai
nc onsider
abl
eheat
all
owingthec he mic alre act
iontor estart
.

Iti
sworthyofnotethatthe
rei
snoc l
ass
ifi
cat
ionfore
lec
tri
calfi
res
;thi
sisduetothefac
tthatel
ect
ri
cit
y
doesnotact
uall
yinvolveanyfuel
swhic
hc anbee xt
ing
uished.Fi
restha
tinv
olveele
ctr
ica
lcir
cui
tsand
appli
anc
es,ca
bles
,etc.caneit
herbeext
ingui
shedwithanon- c
onducti
veext
ing
uishi
ngme di
um,orthe
suppl
ycanbeisol
ate
da ndtheact
ualmat
eri
al(gi
venit
sown‘ cl
ass’
)canbeext
ingui
shed

Ame
ri
canS
tanda
rd
P
rev
ent
ionofF
ir
e
 Dumpa l
lt hecombus ti
blema ter
ial i
nproperwas
tedr
um
 Donota l
lows parkandflamet os catter
 Fol
lownos mok i
ngrul
e s
 Keepall
inf l
amma blel
iquidc ontai
ne rcl
oseti
ght
 Donotbloc kthefir
ee xi
t
 Lea
rntous ef i
reexti
nguishers
 Ext
ingui
sha l
lthespar
ks,a ndinform
 Keepall
ele ct
ri
c a
lwiri
nga nde quipme ntnonspa
rk
 Unplug/s wit
choffallel
e ct
rica
l equipment
swhennoti
nus
e

 L
owe
rex
plos
ionl
i
mit(
LEL
)–t
hemi
ni
mum c
onc
ent
rat
ionofv
apouri
nai
rbe
low whi
cht
he
propag
ati
onoffl
amewi l
lnotoccuri
nt heprese
nceofanigni
ti
onsource
.Als
oref
err
edt
oast
he
l
owe rf
lammabl
eli
mitort
helowerexplos
iveli
mit
.
 Up perexpl
osi
onlimit(UEL)–t hema ximum conc
ent
rat
ionofv
a pourina
ira
bovewhi
cht
he
propag
ati
onoffl
amewi l
lnotoccuri
nt heprese
nceofanigni
ti
onsource
.Als
oref
err
edt
oast
he
upperfl
ammabl
eli
mitortheuppe
re x
plosi
veli
mit.
Ai
risami
xt
ureofg ases
:
 Nit
rog en77.3%
 Oxy gen20.9%
 Wa terVapor0.9%
 Argon0 .9%
 Carbondioxide0.
03%
 Otherg as
es0 .
07%

 F
las
hpoi
nt
Ist
helowestt
empe
rat
urea
twhic
has ubs
tanc
ewi
l
lpr
oduc
esuf
fi
ci
entv
apourt
ofl
asha
cros
sit
ssur
fac
e
momenta
ri
lywhenafl
amei
sappl
ied
.
 Fi
repoint
I
sthelowes
tte
mper
atur
eatwhicht
hehea
tfr
omthecombust
ionoft
heburni
ngvapouri
sca
pabl
eof
produci
ngmor
eva
pourthatonc
eig
nit
edi
sabl
etosust
ai
nthecombust
ioncy
cle

E
x t
reme
lyf
la
mmabl
e.
L
iqui
dswhi
chha
veafl
ashpoi
ntl
owe
rtha
n0º
C:

 Highl
yfl
ammabl
e.
Liquid
swhic
hhaveaf
la
shpoi
ntbe
low2
1ºCbutwhi
cha
renote
xtr
eme
lyf
la
mma
ble
:

F
lammabl
e.
L
iqui
dswhi
chha
veaf
la
shpoi
ntbe
low5
5ºCbutwhi
cha
renothi
ghl
yfl
amma
ble
.

F
lamma
blema
ter
ia
lsa
ndc
ombus
ti
bl
ema
ter
ia
ls

F
lamma
bleme
anst
hatt
hema
ter
ia
lwi
l
lbur
norc
atc
honf
ir
eea
sil
yatnor
mal
tempe
rat
ure
s(be
low3
7.8
de
gre
esCor1
00de
gF)
.

 Combus
ti
bl
ema
ter
ia
lsmus
tus
ual
l
ybehe
ate
dbe
for
ethe
ywi
l
lca
tchonf
ir
eatt
empe
rat
ure
sabov
e
nor
mal
(be
twe
en3
7.8a
nd9
3.3de
gCor1
00a
nd2
00de
gF)
.

TBTme
ans
?Ande
xampl
esoft
opi
cs

Tool
boxt
alk
s—a
lsoc
all
ed“
tai
l
gat
esa
fet
yta
lks
”—a
reaqui
cka
nde
asywa
ytoi
mpa
rts
afe
tyi
nfor
mat
iont
o
empl
oyee
s.
 TasktobeP e
rfor
me d
Wor kMe thodstobeF ol
l
owed
ToolstobeUs e d
PPEtobeWor n
Pr
ecautionstobeTa kenToAvoidHa
zar
ds
Per
mi t
st obeP re
sent
EachOne ’sTaskWi t
hintheTe
am

 JS
A/ TRA/ ARA
 HSEpol i
cy,Obj ec t
ive
s&Ta r
gets
 Type sofha z ar
d
 Eme r
g encypr ocedures/
Numbe rsandty
pesofe
mer
genc
y
 H2Sa warene ss
 Hous ek eeping
 Handa ndpowe rtools
 PPEs
 Excava ti
ons afet
y
 Heightwor k/fallprot
ecti
on
 Li
ft
inga ndma nualhandli
ng
 PTW
 Nearmi ssandAc ci
dentrepor
ti
ng
 Scaff
ol di
nga ndladdersaf
ety
 Basi
cf irefi
g hti
nga ndfir
eprevent
ion
 Confine dspa ceentry
 Fi
rstAi d

Wha
tar
ethema
int
opi
csi
nsa
fet
yinduc
ti
ont
rai
ni
ng
 Ma
nag
eme
ntc
ommi
tme
ntt
osa
fet
y

 HS
Epol
i
cy,Obj
ect
iv
esa
ndTa
rge
tsa
nds
ubpol
i
cie
s
 Cons
ult
ati
vepr
oce
dur
es

 Rol
eofs
afe
tyr
epr
ese
nta
ti
ves

 Ty
pesofe
mer
genc
iesa
nde
mer
genc
ypr
oce
dur
es

 F
ir
sta
ida
rra
nge
ment
s

 We
lf
area
nda
meni
typr
oce
dur
es

 S
pec
if
icha
zar
ds

 Howt
ore
por
tne
armi
ssa
nda
cci
dent
s

 P
PEs

Andbr
ie
fint
roduc
ti
onof
 Ha nda
ndpowerto
ols

 E
xca
vat
ions
afe
ty

 He
ightwor
k/f
al
lpr
ote
cti
on

 L
if
ti
nga
ndma
nua
lha
ndl
i
ng

 P
TW

 S
caf
fol
di
nga
ndl
adde
rsa
fet
y

 Ba
sicf
ir
efi
ght
inga
ndf
ir
epr
eve
nti
on

 Conf
ine
dspa
cee
ntr
y
Wha
tar
eha
zar
dsi
nOf
fs
hor
e

 F
ir
e/E
xpl
osi
onduet
othepr
ese
ntofF
lamma
bleHCa
tmos
phe
re(
Oil
&Ga
s)

 Hydr
oge
nSul
fi
de(
H2S
)

 L
iqui
d/Ga
sunde
rpr
ess
ure

 Toxi
cma
ter
ia
ls/Che
mic
alha
ndl
i
ng

 L
if
ti
ngope
rat
ion

 E
nte
ri
ngi
ntoc
onf
ine
dspa
ces

 E
lec
tri
ci
ty

 Movi
ngma
chi
ner
y

 He
ightwor
k.

 Pyr
ophor
ics
cal
e

 Adve
rsewe
athe
rcondi
ti
on(
wind,we
athe
r,s
eas
tat
e)

 Da
nge
roff
al
li
ng

 Ra
dioa
cti
ve

 F
lamma
blema
ter
ia
l

 Ambi
entTe
mpe
rat
ure
Wha
tar
eH2
SPr
ope
rti
es
I
toftenres
ultsfr
omthe bact
e ri
albreakdownof or
g ani
cma t
ter
 i
nt heabsenceof
 oxy
gen,suc
ha s
i
n swamps andsewer
s;thisprocessisc ommonlyk nownas 
anaerobicdig
e s
ti
on.
Hydrogensulf
idei
sver
yt oxi
c ,poisonousa ndaninvis
ibl
egaskil
l
e r.I
tisabout18%-1 9
%he av
iert
hana
ir
;a
mi
x tur
eof 
H2S  
andai
risexplosive.Inge ne
ral
,hydrogensul
fi
deac tsasa 
reduci
ngagent

 Colorl
ess
 HighlyTox ic/P
oisonous
 Corrosiv
et ome t
a l
sa nds ki
n
 Nos me llathigherc onc e
nt r
ati
ons
 RottenE ggs mell
a tlowc oncentr
ati
ons
 Solubleinbot hwa tera ndhy drocar
bonliquids
 Explosi
ver angebyv olumei nthea i
r:4.3
%-4 6%
 H2Si sheav i
erthana i
r( s
pe ci
fi
cg r
avit
y=1 .1895)
 Burnswi t
habl ueflamea ndg i
v e
soffsulphurdi
oxide(SO2)
 Fl
amma bl
eg as
,aut o-i
g ni
tiontemperatur
eo f260°C( 5
00 °F
)
Hi
er
arc
hyofCont
rol
s–E
RICP
D
E
li
mina
te,Re
duc
e,I
sol
at
e,Cont
rol
,Pe
rsona
lPr
ote
cti
veE
qui
pme
nt,Di
sci
pl
ine

 Eli
mina te=whya rewec l
e a
ningtherolle
rsinthefir
stplace,cant hes uppli
eri
mprovethema ter
ia
l?Are
weus ingt oomuc hpr ess
ureont heroll
ers?Canwec oatther ol
lerswi thanon-st
ickmater
ial
?Ma ybethi
s
i
st hee ndoft hestory–thes afe
stcontrolme a
sureistoeli
mi natet heha za
rdcomplet
el
y .
eg:remove
tra
ili
ngc able
 Reduc e=OKs owec annoteli
minatebutc anweimpr oveitbydoi ngs omeoftheabovethi
ng ssothat
wene edt odoi tle
s soft
en,c anwere ducethenumbe rofpe oplewhoa r
eall
owedtocleantheroll
ersso
theyca nbema dee xper
ts,canweus eal esshaza
rdousc hemi c
al forcleani
ngtherol
le
rs.Reduceri
skof
i
njurybye .g
.us i
ngl owv ol
tagetool
s

 I
sol
ate
=Thisoneisnotpa
rti
cula
rl
yrel
evanti
nthiscasebutl
e t
’ssaythec he
mi c
alwasext
remel
ytox
ic
a
ndonlyappli
edtoonemachinemaybewec ouldsc
reenthema chineoffmaybeinasepar
ater
oomand
i
sol
at
eitf
romt here
stoft
hewor ke
rsandhaveloca
lcontr
ols.eg:guardonda nger
ouspar
tofmachi
ne.

 Contr
ol=Thisi
swhe rewec onsi
derorga
niza
tional
andte c
hnic
alcont
rol
ssucha ss af
esyst
emsofwor
k,
pr
ocedures,t
rai
ning,supe
rvisi
on,loc
alexha
us tv
enti
lat
ion,machi
neguar
ds,s
a f
etydevi
cesandt
ool
sto
car
ryoutthetasktokeepha ndsawayfr
omt herol
ler
setc.e
g:Li
miti
ngti
me/f
requencytonoi
seex
posur
e
 P
ersonalP
rot
ect
iveE
qui
pme
nt:S
ucha
swe
ari
ngs
uit
abl
eandwe
ll
-ma
int
ai
nedg
lov
es,e
yepr
ote
cti
ona
nd
r
espi
rat
ors
.

 Di
sci
pl
ine
:Ma
kes
uret
hata
llc
ont
rol
sar
emoni
tor
edr
evi
ewe
dande
nfor
ced
.
P
ermi
tToWor
kSy
ste
mandt
ype
s
Asy
stemtoc
oor
dina
te,c
ommunicat
eandcont
rolt
hea
cti
vi
ti
esa
ndha
zar
dst
opr
eve
nta
cci
dent
sand
t
omaint
ai
nasaf
eworkenvi
ronme
ntatwor
ks i
te

 as a
fework i
ngenv i
ronmentisac
hie
v e
dt hr
oughpr
eca
uti
onsandcont
rol
mea
sur
esf
ort
hei
dent
if
ie
s
hazardsandrisk
s .
 thoseres
p onsi
bleforsi
tesaf
etyt
obea wareofpot
ent
ia
lhaza
rds.
 anov ervi
ewoft hewor kdur
ingshi
fthandover
.
 ame thodofrecordi
ngthattheworkiscomplet
e.

 Hotwor kpermit
 Coldwor kpermit
 Confineds paceentrype
rmi
t
 Excavationpermit
 Roadc losurepermit
 Radiographype rmit
 Vehiclee nt
rype r
mit
 El
ectri
c alis
olat
ion
 Me c
ha nicalis
olati
on
 Lockof f
 Hott apping
 Divi
ng

P
repa
rat
ionofP TW
 Da t
ea ndtime
 Wor klocation
 Wor kde scri
pti
on
 Equipme nt,tool
s
 RiskAs s
e s
s ment
 Me thodS t
a t
eme nt
 Areadr a
wi ng( a
pprov
ed)
 Na meofJ obP erf
ormer
 Na meofAr eaAuthor
it
y
Howt
oPl
ana
nddoi
ngI
nte
rna
lAudi
t
1
-Not
if
ic
ati
on:
-
I
ntroduct
ion,Obj
ect
iv
e,S
cope
,St
and
ards
,Audi
tMe
thodol
ogy
,Re
por
ti
ng,F
oll
ow-Upa
fte
rtheAudi
t,
P
rincipa
lPart
ie
s,E
tc
 Da
teandTi
me:thedat
e,t
imeanddurat
ionoftheaudi
tshoul
dbeide
nti
fi
eda
ndc
ommuni
cat
ed.
Al
sot
hedat
eforsubmi
ssi
onofthef
indi
ngsrepor
ttobedefi
ned.
 Te
amf
orma
ti
on:S
houl
dha
veal
eade
r,t
rai
neda
nde
xpe
ri
enc
edt
eam
 Ter
msOfRef
ere
nce(
TOR)
:nor
mal
l
ycons
ist
sTe
amme
mbe
rs,Me
thodol
ogy
,Da
tea
ndTi
me,
I
ti
nera
ry.
 Me
thodol
ogy
:Int
erv
iewi
ngp
eopl
e,Re
vie
wingdoc
ume
nta
ti
ona
ndr
ecor
ds,S
it
evi
si
ts
,
 I
ti
ner
ary
:
 Not
if
ic
ati
on:t
obes
endt
oSMa
boutt
heda
teofa
udi
t.
 I
mpl
eme
nta
ti
on:
 Re
por
ti
ng:Af
tera
udi
tsi
ttog
ethe
ra)di
scus
sanda
gre
eonf
indi
ngs
b)Di
scus
sanda
gre
ere
comme
nda
ti
onsc
)Pr
epa
rer
epor
t
 Cl
oseout:Thef
indi
ngsandrec
omme nda
ti
onss
houl
dbef
oll
owe
dupc
ont
inuous
lyunt
il
co
mplet
ionofre
ctif
ic
ati
onandclos
eoutoft
her
epor
t.
Howt
oma
keE
mer
genc
yPl
an

Thepl
ani
sba
sedont
heF
ourP
has
esofE
mer
genc
yMa
nag
eme
nt:

P
rev
ent
ion&Mi
ti
gat
ion 
-ef
for
tst
ore
duc
eha
zar
dsori
tsi
mpa
cts(
Ris
kAs
ses
sme
nt)
P
repa
redne
ss 
-ef
for
tst
opr
epa
ref
oral
i
kel
yha
zar
d(P
repa
redne
ssi
sac
ont
inuousc
ycl
eofpl
anni
ng,
mana
ging
,or
gani
zi
ng,t
rai
ni
ng,e
quipping
,exe
rci
si
ng ,cr
eat
ing,moni
tor
ing,eva
lua
ti
ngandimpr
ovi
ng
ac
ti
vi
ti
estoe
nsur
eeff
ect
iv
ecoor
dinat
ionandtheenhancementofca
pabil
i
tie
sofconce
rne
dorgani
zat
ions
)
 Re
spons
e -a
cti
onst
ake
ntor
espondt
oane
mer
genc
yordi
sas
ter(
mobi
l
iza
ti
onoft
hene
ces
sar
y
e
mer
genc
yse
rvi
ces
,fi
rs
tre
sponde
rs,F
ir
efi
ght
ers
,pol
i
cea
nda
mbul
anc
ecr
ews
)
 Re
cov
ery
 -a
cti
onst
ake
ntor
est
oret
hec
ommuni
tyt
opr
e-di
sas
terc
ondi
ti
on(
Inv
olv
ere
bui
l
ding
de
str
oye
dpr
ope
rty
,re
-empl
oyme
nt,a
ndt
her
epa
irofot
here
sse
nti
ali
nfr
ast
ruc
tur
e)

E
ffec
ti
vemi t
iga
ti
onisachie
vedthr
oug
hthreec
ri
ti
calc
omponents–ana
lyz
ingri
sk,r
educi
ngri
sk,and
i
nsur
ingforfl
oodri
sk.
 
 Analy
z eRis
k: 
Det
ermini
ngtheimp
actofna
tur
alhaza
rdst
hatle
adtoef
fec
ti
ves t
rat
egi
esf
orreduc
ing
r
is
k.
 Re
duc
eRi
sk:
 Re
duc
ingore
li
mina
ti
ngl
ong
-te
rmr
is
kfr
omha
zar
dsont
hee
xis
ti
ngbui
l
tenv
ir
onme
nt
a
ndf
utur
econs
tr
uct
ion.
I
nsur
eforF
loodRi
sk:
 Re
duc
ingt
hei
mpa
ctoff
loodsont
heNa
ti
onbypr
ovi
di
nga
ffor
dabl
efl
ood
i
nsur
anc
e(Ri
skI
nsur
anc
e).

Thef
oll
owi
ngpoi
ntsa
retobeke
ptinmindwhil
epl
anni
ngf
ort
hee
mer
genc
y
 Communica
ti
onsyst
ems(Wir
el
ess
,P AS
,Phone
s)

 Evacuati
ona ndrescueprocedur
e
 Cha i
nofc omma nd
 Alarm&wa rningsystem
 Saf
e t
yS quad&Re s
c ueTeam
 Fi
rstai
d&Me dica
lfacil
it
yplans
 Transport
ati
onofv icti
ms
 Publi
cRe lat
ionandme di
acontac
tfordi
sse
mina
ti
ngc
orr
ecti
nfor
mat
iont
othepe
opl
e

Tra
iningofpe ople:Or ganizea ndtrai
nspeci
fi
cgroupsofpeopl
etoper
for
mE me
rge
ncypl
an
Employeesne e dtok now:
 howt os oundt hea larm
 howt oc a l
l t
hef ir
ebr igade
 whe rethee sc
a perout esa r
e
 whoha ss pecificrespons i
bili
ti
es
 theloc a
tionoff ir
efig ht
ingE qui
pme nt
 howt ous ef i
refightinge quipment
 howt ot urnof fma chinery&pl ant
 theloc a
tionofwa ter
/g a
s/elect
ri
cit
yinle
ts
 whos houldc ont actthee me rge
ncys e
rvi
cesa
ndwha tinfor
mat
iont
og i
ve

1
.Sy
ste
mSpe
cif
icI
nfor
mat
ion;
2
.CWSRol
esa
ndRe
spons
ibi
l
it
ie
s;
3
.Communi
cat
ionP
roc
edur
es:Who,Wha
t,a
ndWhe
n;
4
.Pe
rsonne
lSa
fet
y;
 5
.Ide
nti
fi
cat
ionofAl
te
rna
teWa
terS
our
ces
;
6
.Re
pla
ceme
ntE
qui
pme
nta
ndChe
mic
alS
uppl
i
es;
7
.Pr
ope
rtyP
rot
ect
ion;a
nd
8
.Wa
terS
ampl
i
nga
ndMoni
tor
ing
.

Howt
oca
rry
ingr
egul
ars
it
eIns
pec
ti
on
I
dent
if
ythesi
gni
fi
canta
rea
stha
tshoul
dbec
ons
ide
reddur
ingapl
anne
dhe
alt
hands
afe
tyi
nspe
cti
onofa
wor
kpl
ace.

 S
ubs
tanc
esorma
ter
ia
lsus
ed
  Tr
affi
crout es
 Meansofa c ces
sa ndeg
ress
 Worke quipme nt
 Workpr actice
ssuc ha
sma nua
lhandl
ing
 Worke nvironme nt
 El
ectr
ic
ity
 Fi
repre
c autions
 Fi
rst
-ai
dfa cil
it
ies
 We l
far
efa cil
it
ies
 Workstat
ione r
gonomic
s
 Housekeeping
 Acti
onspoi ntsfromprev
iousi
nspec
ti
ons

Theke
yobj ec
ti
vesofanins
pect
ionar
e:
Check
inga c
tua
lperf
ormancea
g a
ins
tpre
det
ermi
neds
tanda
rdst
ode
ter
minewhe
the
rac
cept
abl
ehe
alt
hand
sa
fet
yc ondi
ti
onsarebei
ngachi
eved
Monit
ori
ngande
val
uat
ingpe
rfor
manc
eag
ains
tpol
i
cy,b
estpr
act
ic
egui
del
i
nesa
ndr
el
eva
ntl
ega
l
r
equi
rement
s
I
dent
if
yi
ngha
zar
dsa
ndwor
kpl
acepr
act
ic
est
hatha
vet
hepot
ent
ia
ltoc
aus
einj
ury

Compo
nent
s/F
act
orsofAc
cide
nt

 Wor kE nvir
onme nt
Adv ers
ewe at
hercondit
ion(wind,r
ai
n,fog
,s a
ndst
orm,hotorc
oldet
c.)
,Dust,Nois
e,Vi
bra
ti
on,
I
llumina t
ion,
 Equipme nt
Condi t
ion,locat
ion,maint
enance,Wrongtoolf
ort
hejob,r
ej
ect
ed/br
okentool,No-
saf
eguar
d,No
i
nt e
rlocks,lea
ks/s pi
l
ls
  P
eopl
e
L
ackofknowle
dge,L
ackoft
rai
ni
ng,L
ackofe
xpe
ri
enc
e,Una
uthor
ize
dope
rat
ion,ope
rat
inga
t
e
xces
siv
ec a
paci
ty

Ac
cide
ntCos
ts

 Dir
ectcosts
1.%E mployer
’sl
iabi
lit
ypre
mium
2.%Inc r
ease
dpremi umspaya
ble
3.Ci
vilcl
aimawa r
d
4.Fi
nes
5.Courtandlega
lrepres
ent
ati
oncos
ts

Indir
ectcos ts
6.Treatme ntc osts
a)Fir
sta id
b)Trans por t
c)Hos pital
d)Othe rs
The s
ef i
gure stobei nser
tedbytheins ur
ancecompa
ny}
7.Losttimec osts
a)Inj
ur ed/il
lperson
b)Ma na geme nt
c)Supe rvisor
d)Fir
sta ide r
s
e)Othe rs
8.Ope rat
iona l c
osts
a)Lostpr oduc t
ion/se
rvic
e
b)Ov erti
mepa yme nts
c)Dama get oplant
,s t
ruct
ure,vehicl
es,e
tc
d)Training /s
upe r
vi
s i
onofrepla
ce mentla
bour

9
.Inves
tigati
onc osts
a)Ma nagement
b)Safet
ya dvi
ser
c)Sa
fe t
yrepresentati
ve
d)Li
aisonwithe nforcementoff
ic
ers
1
0.Otherc ost
s
a)Replacementofpe rs
onalit
ems
b)Othe rmis
ce l
l
a neouscosts

.Co
6 nduc
ti
ngAnI
nci
dentI
nve
sti
gat
ion

S
tep E
xpl
ana
ti
on
1
.Pr
ovi
deE
mer
genc
yRe
spons
e  Noti
fy911,me di
cal,f
ire
,r e
scueasappropr
iat
e.
 Makesurethatatimelyfir
st-
aidres
ponseisava
il
ablet
o
i
njur
ede mployees
.
 I
foff
-si
teme dic
altrea
tme nti
sr e
quir
ed,ensur
ethatan
empl
oyeea ccompaniesthosewhomi ghtnotbeablet
o
t
akecareofthemselves.
2
.Se
cur
etheAr
ea  Getthebigpicture.
 Is
olat
etheincidentscene(r
ope,tape
,g uar
d,et
c .
).
 Lockoutanyma chi
nethatmighthavebe e
ninvol
ved.
 Dowha te
v e
rittakestopreve
ntanotheroccur
rencewhi
le
pre
servi
ngallev i
dencefort
heinvest
iga
tion.

3
.Ide
nti
fyP
ote
nti
alWi
tne
sse
s  Ma k
eal i
stofever
y onewhowa si
nvol
vedi
normight
havewitnes
sedthee vent.
 Lookforal
ltypesofwi t
nesse
s:
 E ye/
earwi t
nesse
s
 Ot herswhomi ghtha
veanyus
eful
,fa
ctua
l
i
nforma t
ion

4.Havet
heNe
ces
sar
yInv
est
ig
ati
veTool
s Apr
e-a
sse
mbl edki
tmighti
nclude:
Avai
l
able  Ca me r
aandFi
lm
 Vide oCamcor
der
 Ta peRecor
der
 Me a
suri
ngDevice
s
 S a
mpl eCont
ainer
s
 Intervi
ewandInvest
igat
ionF
orms
 Flashli
ght
 Ba rr
ica
deMa r
ker
s
 Ta pe
 Ta gs
 P a
dlocks

5
.Pr
ocur
eHa
rdE
vide
ncea
ndRe
cor
dDa
ta
 Coll
ect,ta
g,re
c ord,and/orphot ographa lle
v i
dencetha
t
canorma ybeus edforyourinve st
igati
on,s uchas
materi
als
,machi nepa r
ts,tool
s,a nde quipme nt
.
 Usea ppr
opri
atef orms,sucha sinvestiga
t i
onr e
port
s.
 Workc ooper
ati
v elywiththes upe r
vi
s orands af
ety,
heal
th,andme dicalpersonnelinpr e
pa ri
ngne cess
ary
re
portsandrecords.

6
.Conduc
tInt
erv
iews
 Aski
nte
rvi
ewe est
oprovidea
smuc
hcl
eara
nds
pec
if
ic
i
nfor
mati
ona spos
sibl
e.
 Askope
n-endedquest
ions.
 Avoi
dbias
.

7
.Re
vie
wDa
ta  Lookatinspecti
onreport
s,ma i
nte
nancere
por
ts
,pr
ior
i
nc i
dentre
ports,andanalys
is.
 I
de nt
ifypatt
ernsortre
nds.
 Ana l
yzeal
l dataf
orcompleteness
/ac
cura
cy.

8
.Pr
epa
reI
nci
dentRe
por
t(
s)  Recor
dkeyfact
s.
 Pre
paret
hewr i
tte
nreportcar
eful
l
y .
 Shar
esumma r
ie
sofv it
alinf
ormat
ionwit
h
manager
s/
super
v i
sor
sa ndemployee
s.
 Keepever
yoneinfor
med.

9.ConductCa
usalF
act
orAnal
ysi
sand  Anal
yzef
acts
.
Dete
rmineCor
rec
ti
veActi
on  Det
ermi
nerootc
aus
es.

 De
ter
minea
ndi
mpl
eme
ntc
orr
ect
iv
eac
ti
onst
oel
i
mina
te
 r
ootc
aus
es.

1
0.F
oll
owUp
 Fol
lowupt oensurecorrec t
iveacti
onst ha tarede cided
upona r
eimplementedbyr ulesestabl
ishedf orsuc h
act
ion.
 Checkont he
iracc
ura cya nde ff
ecti
v e
ne ssdur i
ngf o l
low-
up.
 Tal
kt opeopl
einvolvedt oe nsurethatne cessarytraining
wasrecei
vedandtha tthec orrect
ivea c
tionswor k.As k:
o Ar es i
mi la
rincidentsstil
l occurri
ng ?
o Wha tisthequa l
i
tyofs upe rvi
sion?
o Ar ee mpl oy e
esa bl
et otak eindividua l
acti
on?

I
nci
dentI
nve
sti
gat
ion
Thema
inr
eas
onf
ori
nve
sti
gat
inga
cci
dent
sist
ofi
ndoutt
her
ootc
aus
esi
nor
dert
opr
eve
ntar
e-oc
cur
renc
e.

 S
ixk
eyque
sti
onss
houl
dbea
nswe
redi
nthea
cci
denti
nve
sti
gat
iona
ndr
epor
t:

Who,Wha
t,Whe
n,Whe
re,Why
,How

Acci
dentinve
sti
gat
ionpr
ocedur
e
1.Pr
ovideEmerg
encyRes
ponse
2.Se
curetheArea

3
.Ide
nti
fyP
ote
nti
alWi
tne
sse
s
4
.Ha
vet
heNe
ces
sar
yInv
est
ig
ati
veTool
sAv
ail
abl
e

5
.Pr
ocur
eHa
rdE
vide
ncea
ndRe
cor
dDa
ta

6
.Conduc
tInt
erv
iews

7
.Re
vie
wDa
ta

8
.Pr
epa
reI
nci
dentRe
por
t(
s)

9
.Conduc
tCa
usa
lFa
ctorAna
lys
isa
ndDe
ter
mineCor
rec
ti
veAc
ti
on

1
0.F
oll
owUp

St
ep1-Investi
gat
etheinci
dent
 Ini
ti
alr
esponse(S
ecuret
hescene
)

 Col
l
ect
ingf
act
s

 P
hys
ica
lev
ide
nce

 E
yewi
tne
ssa
ccount
s

 Conduc
ti
ngi
nte
rvi
ews

 De
vel
opi
ngt
hena
rra
ti
ve

St
ep2-Identi
fyc
auses
 Contr
ibut
ingf
act
ors
 Dete
rmini
ngcaus
es

 RootCa
use
s(Rootc
aus
eana
lys
is)

 I
ndi
re
ctCa
use
s

 Di
re
ctc
aus
es

St
ep3-Repor
tthefi
ndi
ngs
 Anal
yzi
ngfact
s
 Repo
rtwri
ti
ng

St
ep4-Ta kecor
rect
iveac
ti
on
 Focusi
ngonthepurpose
 Corre
cti
veact
ions
 Inf
ormati
onobtai
nedduri
ngt
hei
nve
sti
gat
ion

St
ep5-Imple
me ntat
ion
 Fol
l
owupofr ecomme ndat
ions
 Assi
gni
ngres
pons i
bi
li
ty
 Communicat
ingtheresul
ts

St
ep6-Eval
uat
etheeff
ect
ive
ness
 Monit
ori
ngt
heeffe
cti
vene
ssofcor
rec
ti
vea
cti
on
 Fol
l
owupofc or
rec
ti
vemeasur
es
 .R
7 ootc
aus
eAna
lys
is
Ast
ruct
ure
de va
lua
ti
onmethodtha
tidenti
fi
estherootca
usesfora
nundesi
re
dout
comea
ndt
hea
cti
onsa
dequa
te
t
oprev
entrec
urr
ence.RCAisamethodthathe
lpsprof
ess
ional
sdet
ermi
nes
:

 Wha
tha
ppe
ned?

 Howi
tha
ppe
ned?

 Whyi
tha
ppe
ned?
TheRCAi saf our
-st
e ppr ocessinv ol
vingt hef ollowi ng:
a. Datacollecti
on:Wi thoutc ompl e
tei nforma ti
ona nda nunde r
standi ngoft heevent,the
causa
lfactorsandrootc ausesassoc i
a t
e dwi t
ht hee ventc annotbei dentif
ied.The ma jor
it
yoftimespe nt
anal
yzinga ne ve
nti ss penting atheringda ta .
b. Causalfactorcharting: Causalfactorc hart
ingpr ovide sas t
ructuref orinvesti
gat
orst oorgani
zeanda naly
z ethe
inf
orma ti
ong at
he r
eddur i
ngt heinv estigat
iona ndi dentifygapsa ndde fi
cienci
esink nowledg
ea sthe
inves
ti
g at
ionprog r
e sses.
c. Rootca useidentif
ication:Thi sstepi nvolve stheus eofade c
isiondi a g
ramc al
ledtheRootCa useMa p( s
ee
Fig
ure2 ,p.5 0
)toi dent i
fytheunde rlyi
ngr ea sonorr eas
onsf ore a c
hc a
us a
l f
act
or.Thema pst
ructur
esthe
reas
oningpr ocessoft heinves ti
gatorsbyhe l
pingt he ma nswe rque stionsaboutwhypa rt
icul
arcausa
l f
actors
exi
storoc curr
ed.
d. Recomme ndati
ong e ne r
ati
ona ndi mpl eme ntation:F oll
owingi de nti
ficat
ionofther ootcause
sforapa r
ticula
r
causalfact
or,achievabler ec
omme nda t
ionsf orpr event i
ngitsrec urrencea r
etheng enerat
ed.

S
TEP-S
e quenti
alTi
meEv entPlott
ing-
Capturi
ngofthesequenti
ale
v e
ntsleadinguptoa na c
cident.
F
MEA-F ai
lur
eModeE f
fectAna ly
sis-Overvie
woffail
uremodea ndeff
ectforac omplexma chiner
y/ope
rat
ion.
Getti
nga nover
vi
ewofa llpotent
ial
fail
urecaus
esande f
fect
sataninit
ialstageofaninvestiga
ti
on
F
TA-FaultTre
eAnalys
is-Identi
fi
escausesforanass
ume dfai
lur
e(topevent).Al og
ica
l s
tructurel
inki
ngcause
sand
eff
ects.

1
. Cha ng eAna l
ysi
si sa na nalyti
cal t
echniquewhi cha ppl
iesasystema t
icapproacht opr obl
ems olvingby
exa miningt heeffectsofc ha nge.Cha ngea nal
ys i
sma ybepe r
formedi nar e
a c
tiv
emodebya nalyzingunwa nted
eve ntsorpr oblems ,orinapr oacti
vemodebyi denti
fyi
ngthepot entiale
ffe
c t
sofc ha ngesbeforethe ya r
e
i
mpl eme nted.
2
. BarrierAna lysi
st hef ocusisont heba rr
iersorsafeguar
dsthatshoul dhavepr e
ve nt
e dormi ti
gatedt heunwa nte
d
eve ntorpr oblem.Ba r
rieranalysisnorma l
lyisus e
dinar eacti
vemodet osolvesur f
ac edproblemsori nv e
sti
gat
e
eve nts.Ba r
rie
rana lysisalsoc anhe l
pt oidenti
fymi ssi
ngs a
feguar
ds ,thosethatmi ghtha vepreventedt he
problemi ftheyha dbe e
ni npl ace.
3
.E ve ntsandCa usa lFac t
orsAna l
y s
is(ECF A)providesade t
ail
eda nalysi
softhee vents equencea nda ssoci
ate
d
caus esorc onditions.E ventsa ndc ausalf
a ct
orscharti
ngisav er
ye ffect
ivetoolfora nalyz
ing“ why ”a ne v
ent
happe ne d.
4
. TreeDi a
g ramsa reg raphicaldispla
ysofa ne ventwhi chl
og i
call
yde scri
beseachoft hee vent’
sc ont r
ibuti
ng
fa
c tors.Tr e
edi agramsa r
ee xtremelyus ef
ul i
nhe l
pingv i
sual
izeanda nal
yzemor ec ompl exsystemsorpr oblem
si
tua ti
ons .
5
. Ma na geme ntOv er
s i
g htandRi skTreeAna l
ysi
s( MORT)
6
. Huma npe r
forma nc ee val
uations ystems
7
. Ca usea nde f
fect(fishbone )di agr
ams

Wha
tisMS
DSa
nds
ect
ion

AMate
ri
alSa
fet
yDa t
aSheet(MSDS
)isadocumentt
hatcont
ai
nsi
nfor
mati
ononthepot
enti
al
ha
zar
ds(he
alt
h,fi
re
,rea
cti
vit
yandenvi
ronment
al
)andhowtoworksaf
el
ywit
hthechemic
al
pr
oduc
t.
 

1
.IDE
NTI
FI
CATI
ONOFTHES
UBS /
TANCEPRE
PARATI ANY/
ONOFTHECOMP UNDE NG.
RTAKI

2
. COMPOSI
TION/
INF
ORMATI
ONONI
NGRE
DIE .
NTS

3
. HAZARDI
DENTI
FI ON.
CATI

4
.FI
RSTAI
DME
ASURE
S.

5
.FI
REF
IGHTI
NGME
ASURE
S.

6
. ACCI
DENTALRE
LEAS
EME
ASURE
S.

7
. HANDLI
NGANDS .
TORAGE

8
.EXP
OSURECONTROL
S/P
ERS
ONALP
ROTE ON.
CTI

9
.PHYS
ICALANDCHE
MICALP
ROP
ERTI
ES.

1
0.S
TABI
LI
TYANDRE
ACTI
VITY.

1
1.TOXI
COL
OGI
CALI
NF ON.
ORMATI

1
2.E
COL
OGI
CALI
NF ON.
ORMATI

1
3.DI
SPOS
ALCONS
IDE
RATI
ONS

1
4.TRANSPORTI
NF ON.
ORMATI

1
5.REGULATORYI
NF ON.
ORMATI
RI
DDOR-TheRepor
ti
ngofI
njur
ie
s,Di
sea
sesa
ndDa
nge
rousOc
cur
renc
es
Re
gul
at
ions19
95

Ther
earefi
vemai
nfor
mul
aet
hatc
anbeus
edwhe
nana
lys
inga
cci
dent
/i
nci
denti
nfor
mat
ion:
Fr
equencyr
ate

Tot
alnumberofac
cide
ntsx100,
000
Tot
alnumberofper
sonhour
sworke
d
Thi
sgive
sthefr
equencyofa
cci
dent
spe
r10
0,0
00hour
swor
ked

Inc
identRate
Total
numbe rofac
cident
sx1 00
0
Numbe rofper
sonsemploye
d
Thi
sg i
vestheacci
dentra
teper100
0empl
oye
es

Sev
eri
tyra
te
Tot
alnumberofda
yslostx1
000
Tot
alnumberofpe
rsonhour
swor
ked

Thi
sgi
vest
hea
ver
agenumbe
rofda
ysl
ostpe
r10
00hour
swor
ked

Meandura
ti
onr at
e
Tot
alnumberofdaysl
ost
Tot
alnumberofacci
dent
s

Thi
sgi
vest
hea
ver
agenumbe
rofda
ysl
ostpe
rac
cide
nt

Dur
ati
onrate
Numberofper
sonhourswor
ked
Tot
alnumberofac
cide
nts

Thi
sgi
vest
hea
ver
agenumbe
rofpe
rsonhour
swor
kedbe
twe
ena
cci
dent
s
Conf
ine
dSpa
ceE
ntr
y
 P
ote
nti
a lHazar
dsi nConfi
nedSpaces
 Ox ygenDefi
ci
e ncy:<19.
5 %or>23.5
%ox ygenconcentr
ati
on
 Combus ti
bl
es:Me t
hane,Hydr
ogen,Acet
yl
ene,Propane,Gas
oli
nef
umes
 ToxicMa t
eri
als:Ca r
bonMonoxide
,Hy dr
ogenSulf
ide,We l
di
ngfumes
,Cor
ros
ive
s
 Elec
tri
cit
y
 Me chani
calHaz ar
ds:Mixer
s,Cr
ushers
 Noise,dust,
 Sli
p,tri
p,fa
ll
 Hota ndcold

 ENTRY
 Theac
tbywhic
hapers
onint
enti
onal
l
ypasse
sthroug
hanopeni
ngint
oape
rmi
tre
qui
re
dconf
ine
d
spa
ce.
 Anypar
toft
hebodypa
ssi
ngthr
oughtheope
ningisc
ons
ide
redent
ry.

 I
DLH
 I
MMEDIATELYDANGE ROUSTOL IF
EORHE ALTH
 Anyc
ondi
ti
onwhi c
hposesanimmedia
tethr
eattotheheal
thofl
if
eona
ne nt
rant
,or
;
 Woul
dcausei
rre
vers
ibl
eadv
ersehea
lt
he f
fec
ts,or
;
 Woul
dint
erf
erewit
ha ni
ndi
vidua
l’
sabi
li
tytoescapeuna
idedfr
omaper
mitspa
c e
.

 ENTRANT
 Thee
mpl
oye
ewhowi
l
lphy
sic
all
yent
ert
hec
onf
ine
dspa
cet
ope
rfor
mthewor
k.

 ATTENDANT
 Theempl
oy e
ewhor e
ma i
nsout
sidet
heconfi
nedspacea
ndmonit
orst
heent
rant(
s);g
uardst
he
spac
eagai
nstunaut
hori
zedent
ry;wa
rnstheent
rant
sofanyunus
ualc
ondi
ti
ons;andsummonsthe
re
scuepe
rsonnel
ifnee
ded.

 Pe
rmi
t-
Requi
re
dConf
ine
dSpa
ce
 AP e
rmit-
Requi
redConfinedS paceisc onf
ineds pa
cethathasoneormoreoft
hefol
lowing
char
acte
ri
sti
cs:
 Conta
insorhasthepotentia
ltoc ontai
naha z
ardousatmospher
e;
 Conta
insama t
eria
lthathasthepot ent
ialforengul
fi
nga nentr
ant
;
 Hasaninter
nalconfi
gurat
ions uchthatane ntr
antcoul
dbe cometr
appe
dora s
phy
x i
ate
d;or
 Conta
insanyotherser
ioussafetyorhe al
thhaz a
rd.

 Ent
ryS
upe
rvi
sor
 Theempl
oye
ere
spons
ibl
eforc
oor
dina
ti
ngt
hee
ntr
yint
othec
onf
ine
dspa
ce.Thi
smus
tbeat
eam
l
eade
rorf
ore
man.

 Re
spons
ibl
ePe
rson
 Theper
sondir
ectl
yresponsi
bl
efort
hewor kbei
ngper
for
medint
heconf
ineds
pac
e.Thi
sc a
nbe
theTe
amL e
ader,For
ema n,j
our
neyman,orothe
rper
sonqua
li
fi
edbytr
ai
ninga
ndexper
ie
nce.

 Non-
Per
mitConf
ine
dSpa
ce
 Aconf
inedspa
cet
hatdoesnotconta
inor
,wit
hres
pectt
oatmospher
icha
zar
ds,ha
vet
hepot
ent
ia
l
t
ocont
a i
nanyhaz
ardcapabl
eofcausi
ngdea
thofs
eri
ousphys
icalha
rm.

 TwoOpt
ionsf
orE
nte
ri
ngConf
ine
dSpa
ces
:
  Permi
t-r
equiredconf
ine dspaceentr
y
–Forhazardousorpotential
l
yha z
a r
dousconf
ine
dspa
cewor
k
 Non-per
mi tconf
ineds paceentr
y
–Fornon-hazar
dousconf inedspa
c ework

 Pe
rmi
t-
Requi
re
dConf
ine
dSpa
ceE
ntr
yPr
oce
dur
e
 I
solatethespace
 Ventil
atethespac
e
 Conduc tTai
lboa
rd
 Compl et
epe r
mit
 Testtheatmospher
e
 Ent
e rthespace

 I
sol
at
etheS
pac
efr
oma
llha
zar
ds
 CloseVa lves
– Doublebl ock&bl ee d,or
– Bl
a nkfl
a nge
 EmptytheS pace
– Depressurize,vent&dr a
in
 Lockout/Ta g
outE quipme nt
– El
e ct
ri
cal sourc
es
– Rotati
ng/recipr
oc at
ingpa rt
s
– Ha za
rdousma ter
ial
s
 Cleanresiduefromt hes pace

 Ve
nti
l
atet
heS
pac
e
 Usemechanical
venti
lat
ion
– Fans
– Airhorns
 Vent
il
ateattherat
eofatleastfour(4)vol
umesperhour
– Largerspace
srequir
emor ev e
ntil
at
ion
 Makesureai
rsupplyisnotcontaminated
– Venti
lat
ionai
rsupplymus tbefromf r
esha
iruncont
ami
nat
edwi
thf
la
mma
ble
s,t
oxi
ns,e
tc.

 Conduc
taTa
il
boa
rdBr
ie
fi
ng
 Ent
ir
ecrewmustattend
– Attendants,entr
ants
,entr
ysupe
rvi
sor
 Rev
iewhazar
dsofe ntr
ya ndwo r
k
 Rev
iewPPE
 Rev
iewproc
edureforcontacti
ngresc
ue
– ver
ifyrescuea v
ail
abl
e
 Comple
teper
mit

 Compl
et
eEnt
ryP
ermi
tFor
m
 Pe
rmitmustbecor
rec
tl
ya ndc omplet
el
yfil
le
doutpri
ort
oentr
y.
 Pe
rmitmustbeact
iv
atedbyE ntr
yS uper
vi
sor’
ssi
gna
tur
etobeval
i
d.
 Noentr
yisall
owedwithoutav al
i
dpe r
mit.

 Pe
rmit
sarev
a l
i
df orupto12hour
s.
 Whenworkiscomplete
d,per
mitandta
il
boar
dforms houl
dber
etur
nedt
osa
fet
y.
 Canc
ell
edpe
rmitsmustbekeptonfi
lef
oratl
eastoney e
ar.

 Te
stt
heAt
mos
phe
re
 Che
ckf
orOx
yge
nCont
ent
:
 – Atleas
t1 9.
5%a ndles
stha
n2 3.
5%
 Che
ckforCombusti
bles
:
– Lessthan10%oftheLEL
 Che
ckforToxi
cGa ss
es:
– Mos tcommonl ycar
bonmonoxide(PE
L<3 5ppm)
– ora nyotherhaza
rdousmate
ri
al
sa sdet
ermine
dbytheus
eoft
hes
pac
e.

 NOTI
CE:
Anyti
meali
miti
sexc
eeded,nomat
terwhatt
herea
son,al
lper
sonnel
shal
li
mme di
at
el
yex
itt
hes
pac
e,
andnoot
her
ssha
lle
nterunti
lat
mos
pheri
ccondi
ti
onsarer
etur
nedtosaf
ele
vel
s.

 At
mos
phe
reTe
sti
ngS
hal
lBeP
erf
orme
d:
 Pr
iort
oe ve
ryentr
ywhe nthespaceisvacant
;
 Aft
era1 0minut
eventi
la
tionperi
od( i
fventi
l
a t
ionisne
ces
sar
y);
 Atlea
sthourl
yforper
mit-
requi
redconfi
ne dspaces.
 Morefre
quentl
y,i
fcondit
ionsorsuspi
cionswa r
rant
.

 Ent
ert
heS
pac
eandP
roc
eedwi
thwor
k:
 Anatte
ndantshal
lbepost
edneartheent
ranceforthedurat
ionoft
hework.Hesha
llbei
ncons
tant
communicat
ionwit
htheentr
antswhil
ethejobisinprogre
ss.
 Alle
ntr
antsshal
lsi
gnthesi
gninlogwhene nt
eringthespaceandsi
gnoutwhenexi
ti
ng.
 Theatt
endantsha
llmai
nta
inthepermi
tands i
gni nlogf
orthedura
ti
onofthework
.

 Whe
ntheJ
obi
sDone
:
 Re
mov eal
lpers
onnel
,tool
s,a
nddebr
isf
romthespace
.Si
gnoffthel
og.
 Cl
osethespac
e.
 Ca
nceltheper
mit.
 Re
viewthejobwit
hthehostempl
oye
r(haz
ards
,probl
ems,ot
herempl
oyer
s,e
tc.
)

 At
tenda
ntRe
spons
ibi
l
iti
es
 Tomonitorentrantsdur i
ngthejoba nddur inge nt
ry&e xi
ttohelpinsurethei
rsa
fet
y.
– Thea tt
e ndantma ynotabandonhi spos tforanyre
a s
onwhi l
epe r
sonnelar
einthespa
ce
unlessreli
e v
edbya notherquali
fi
eda tt
endant.
 Tomonitoratmos phericcondit
ionsinthes pacepri
ortoandduringentry.
 Tocontr
ola c
c esstothec onfi
neds pace
.
 Tosummone me rgencya s
sis
tancea sneede d.
 Toasse
ssha zardsina nda r
oundt hespace ,andt a
keacti
onont hesame .
 Tokeeprecordsofc onfinedspacewor k
,s uc hasairte
str
e s
ult
s,personnelent
ry/
exi
t,et
c.

 Ent
rantRe
spons
ibi
l
iti
es
 Toa ss
urethatthes pacehasbeena dequa t
el
yv ent
il
at
ed,is
olat
ed,emptied,orothe
rwisemades
afe
forentr
y.
 Toimme di
at
e l
yexitas pace
,withoutque sti
on,uponwordofthea t
tendant,noma t
terwha
tthe
reas
on.
 Tofoll
owa llsaf
etyr ule
sandprocedure sthatappl
ytothej
ob.
 Tobef amil
iarwit
ht hewor ktobepe rformedandtheprocedur
esthatapplytothejob.
 Tous etheappropri
a tePPEwheneve rnecessar
y.

 Supe
rvi
sorRe
spons
ibi
l
iti
es
 Toassureadequa
teprote
ctionispr
ovi
dedtotheent
rant
sbyve
rif
yi
ngadequa
tel
ock
out
/t
agouta
nd
tha
tallhazar
dsaresecur
elyisol
at
ed.
 Tosupporttheat
tendant
’sa ut
hori
tyi
ncont
roll
i
ngacces
stoaconf
ine
dspace
.
  Tov
eri
fyt
hatal
lpersonnelhaveexi
st
edpri
ortocl
osingt
hespa
ce.
 Toa
ssur
ethata
llper
s onneli
nvolv
edarea
wareofthehazar
dsa
ssoc
iat
edwi
tht
hes
pac
e.
 Toa
ssur
ethatr
escues er
vi
cesareava
il
abl
epri
ort
oe ntr
y.

He
ats
tr
essa
ndP
rev
ent
ion
He
ats
tr
essi
sus
ual
l
yther
esul
tofwor
kbe
ingpe
rfo
rme
dathi
ght
empe
rat
ure
s

Har
mful
eff
ect
scanoccur:
 Whenthebodybecomesove
rhe
ated.
 Whenlar
geamountofwate
rorsal
tisl
ostt
hroug
hpr
ofus
eswe
ati
ng.
 Aft
ers
tre
nuousex
e r
ci
se.

E
xpos
uret
osuna ndheatf
oraprol
ong
edper
iod,l
ossofbodyf
lui
dands
altma
yle
adt
o:
 Giddi
ness.
 Heatra
sh.
 Crampi
ngpa i
nintheabdome
nandlimps
.
 Heatexhaus
ti
on.
 Heatst
roke.
 Comains ev
erecas
es.
I
tismuchea s
iertoprote
cty our s
elf,justremembe r
:
 Av oidunne ces
saryexpos uretohe at.
 Ma intai
na dequatefl
uida nds altintake
 We arappropri
atecl
othing ,l
ightwe ightandloosefi
tt
ing
.
 Cov eryourhe ad,wearaha t.
 De crea
sea cti
vi
tiesi
nthes un,a ccli
ma ti
zeyoursel
fsl
owlyt
ohe
ate
nvi
ronme
nt.
 Donotov e re
at;donotov erindulg einalc
ohol.

F
aci
l
iti
espr ovide dtopr otectthewor kforcef romt heheatrelat
e dil
lnes
s
 He a
ts t
ressa wa rene ssc a
mpa ig
nf orthewor kforce.
 Distri
butionofhe a tstressawa rene s
sLe aflet
sindi f
fer
entlang uage
stotheworkforc
e.
 Properrestr oomwi thA/Corf ani nallwor ksit
e s
.
 Mobi l
es hade sa ndumbr e l
las.
 Ade quateChi lle
dwa terdistr
ibutionint hewor ks i
tes.
 Effe
c t
ivedis tr
ibutionofE nergydr inks(Ta nk,Prol
yte,andGl ucose)
.
 Ade quatebr eakdur i
ngwor kinghour s.
 Res chedulewor kinghour s.
 Planout doorj obswhe nt hec onc entr
ationofhe a
tisless.
 Incr
e as
et henumbe rofme mbe rinthewor kgroupt oreduces tr
ai
nofindi
vidual
s.
 Alwa yswor ki nabuddys yst
e mi ne xt
remehe atsi
tuati
ons
 Reduc ethephy sical dema ndsofwor k,e .
g .ex
c es
sivema nuallif
ti
ngordig
ging.Tr
ytouseme
cha
nic
al
me ansfors uc hjobs
 Arrange me ntsforF i
rstaida nde me rgencypr ocedures

Wor
ker
sshoul
d:
  Keepat wol i
terdrinkc ont aineront hejobwi t
hy ouata l
lti
me s
 Dri
nkmor ewa t
erinhotwe ather,atle
ast2l ite
rse v
ery2 -
3hour s
 We arli
ght,l oose-
fitti
ngs oftc l
othes.
 Avoidc l
othingt hatt rapshe atandmoi stur
e .Na t
uralfabr
icssuchascot
tonarebe
st.
 St
a yincool ,we l
lv ent i
late de nviro
nme nts,us eaf a
nifne c
e ss
ary.
 Donotdr inka lcohol,i tde hydratesyours ystem.
 Getplentyofs l
eep
 Eatproperme al
s,inc ludi ngf ruit
sa ndveg e
ta bl
es
 Consumeal i
ght,c ool lunc hinsteadofhot ,he av
yme als
 Addal it
tl
ee xtr
as alttoy ourme a l
sinhotwe ather.
 Yous houldbedr i
nk inge noug htone edurina t
ea tl
eastthr
e eti
mesashi
ftyourur
ineshoul
dbepa
le
yel
lowi nc olour;ifitisda rky oune e
dtodr inkmor e
 Reporttoy ours upe rv i
s orwhe ny ouf eelanyhe alt
hr el
atedsymptomsduetoheat

L
if
ti
ngope
rat
ions-Cr
ane
 Ensuretha tthec ranei ss ui
tableforthej obwitht hecur r
entva l
idt horoug hex aminati
onandtest
cer
tif
icatei s
s uedbyt hir
dpa rty
 Ensuretha tthec ranei so naf i
rmba sewi t
houtriggersprope r
lys et.
 Ensurec ranesa r
es ubj ecttoawe eklyinspect
ionbyac ompe t
entpe r
son.
 Ensurelift
inga ccess orie
sa rethoroug hlyexaminedbyac ompe t
e ntpers one very6mont hsandcol
our
coded.
 Checkt hatthel oadi ss ecure.
 Ensureonl yt raineda ndc ompe tentcraneope r
ator,sli
ng erands ignalers hal
lbei nvolv
edintheli
ft
ing
operat
ions .
 Fol
lowonl yt hei nstruc t
ionsoft hec rane/l
if
ti
ngs upervisor(hek nowst hel i
ft
ingplana ndist
he
res
pons iblepe rson) .
 Ensurethes ig na l
ers houl dbec lear
lyv is
ibl
etot hec r
aneope r
ator.
 Cordonof fa nds ig
npos tthelif
tinga rea.
 Reme mb erc rane sus e dforli
fti
ngpe r
sonne la
ret obet horoughlye x a
mi ne d,t
e st
eda ndcer
tif
ie
dbyt he
thi
rdpa rtyev ery6mont hs
 Ensurea llothe rli
ftinge quipme nta ndl i
fti
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ami ned,tes
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fiedby
thi
rdpa rtyev ery1 2mont hs
E
xca
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afe
ty
E
xca
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 Coll
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a lfa
ll
ingont hepeopl
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 Accesst otheexcavat
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 Unde r
g r
oundut i
lit
ies
 Accidentstome mbe r
softhepubl
i
c.

Cont
rolmeasures
 Haveyoude ter
minedt heexactlocati
onofunde r
grounds ervicessuchase lect
ric
it
y ,gas
,wa t
erand
sewera
g eorthepresenceofnaturall
yoc curri
ngha z ards ?
 Haveyoue nsuredthes t
abi
li
tyofbui ldi
ng s,s t
ructure sandr oadsa dj
acenttot heex c
avat
ion?
 Excava
tionareashouldbeba r
ricaded1 me t
e rawa yfr omt hee dgeofe xc
a vat
ionpit.
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hee xcava
tedpitismorethan5 ft.depth,t henappr opri
at
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d
eart
hc oll
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keslopeorbenchpr ov i
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ngina nuns upport
ede xc
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sha l
lberemovedt oasafedistancefromt hetrenc hedget opre v
entc ol
lapseintothetre
nch(the
dis
tancerequir
edwi l
ldependont hena tureoft hes oil)?
 Materi
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lbestoredawa yfromt heedgeoft heex c
a vati
ontor educethecha nceof
col
la
pse ?
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es houldnotbea nyv ehiclemoveme ntc l
osetothee dgeoft hee xca
va t
ionpit.
 Arethereest
abl i
shedt r
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onnel a
ndl i
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ati
onswhe repe oplearerequir
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uffi
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ent
ly
l
ongs ecure
dla ddersinstal
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che nda ndplacedatappropri
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tancesalongthee xcav
a t
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dha ta ndsafe
tyshoesa r
ewor nbya l
l ent
eri
ngthee xcavat
ion?
 Arehighv i
si
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othingprovideda ndwornbya llexposedt ovehicula
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c?
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ionr egularl
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entpers
on( atthes ta
rtofe achshi
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era nye ventli
kelytohavea f
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it
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S
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NASC : Nati
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Ty
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3
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4
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1
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2
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3
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4
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