Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Region III
Division of Pampanga
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN APALIT (STAND ALONE I)
(BRO. ANDREW GONZALEZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL)
San Juan, Apalit, Pampanga
Prepared by:
ALZIEN S. MALONZO
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
You may already have some of the knowledge and skills covered in
this module because you have:
o Been working for some time
o Already have completed training in this area.
Inside this module you will find the activities for you to complete
followed by relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each
learning outcome may have more than one learning activity.
Program/Course : COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency : INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Module : INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION:
LO 2. Prepare installer
Learning Objectives:
Safety Procedures
Computer cases were not meant to be opened by the everyday user and
thus are not made with the safety of the user in mind. Be careful for sharp
edges in the casing that can cut your fingers and/or hands.
Be careful when using the Crimping tool it has sharp parts that can cut your
skin
Wear Shoes with rubber sole to prevent ground electricity because rubber is
a good Electric Insulator
Always check the cables/wire attached to the computer for any damages
before turning the unit it on to prevent any untoward incident.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Answer Key CO1.1-1
Enumeration:
2. Be careful when using the Crimping tool it has sharp parts that can
cut your skin
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify Different tools, materials, equipment and testing devices
use in Assembling Computer Hardware
2. Learn the proper uses and functions of the different tools,
materials, equipment and testing devices use in Assembling
Computer Hardware
Driving of Tools
- Screwdrivers - is a device specifically designed to insert and tighten,
or to loosen and remove screws. A screwdriver comprises a head or
tip, which engages with a screw, a mechanism to apply torque by
rotating the tip, and some way to position and support the
screwdriver. A typical hand screwdriver comprises an
approximately cylindrical handle of a size and shape to be held by
a human hand, and an axial shaft fixed to the handle, the tip of
which is shaped to fit a particular type of screw. The handle and
shaft allow the screwdriver to be positioned and supported, when
rotated, to apply torque.
o P h
to drive or
fasten positive
slotted
screws. It is a screwdriver that could take greater torque and
could provide tighter fastenings.
- Long Nose – is used for holding, bending and stretching the lead of
electronic component or connecting wire.
- Flash light - A
flashlight (torch in Commonwealth English) is a portable hand-held
electric light. Usually, the source of the light is a small incandescent
light bulb or light-emitting diode (LED). A typical flashlight consists
of a light bulb mounted in a reflector, a transparent cover
(sometimes combined with a lens) to protect the light source and
reflector, a battery, and a switch. These are supported and protected
by a case.
Cleaning tools
- Paint Brush – made of bristles set in handle, use for cleaning dirty
parts of a circuit or an
object.
- Power Blower – is a powerful blower capable of cleaning different
types of electrical appliances in few time.
- Soldering Lead/wire - is a
fusible metal alloy used to join together metal workpieces and having
a melting point below that of the workpiece(s). Soft solder is typically
thought of when solder or soldering is mentioned, with a typical
melting range of 90 to 450 °C (190 to 840 °F). It is commonly used in
electronics, plumbing, and assembly of sheet metal parts. Manual
soldering uses a soldering iron or soldering gun. Alloys that melt
between 180 and 190 °C (360 and 370 °F) are the most commonly
used. Soldering performed using alloys with a melting point above
450 °C (840 °F) is called 'hard soldering', 'silver soldering', or
brazing.
1. Slotted Screwdriver A.
3. Digital Multimeter C.
4. Paint Brush D.
5. Soldering Iron E.
Answer Key CO1.1-2
Matching Type
1. D
2. C
3. E
4. A
5. B
INFORMATION SHEET CO1.1-3
“Computer Hardware and their corresponding parts,
functions and setting”
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify different types of Computer
2. Identify different computer hardware characteristics, parts,
functions and setting
1. Workstation
2. Desktop Computer
4. Nettop Computer
5. Laptop Computer
7. Tablet Computer
A tablet computer is a mobile computer with a
touchscreen display, circuitry and battery in a
single unit. Tablets come equipped with
sensors, including cameras, a microphone
and an accelerometer, and the touchscreen
display uses finger or stylus gestures
substituting for the use of computer mouse
and keyboard. They usually feature on-
screen, pop-up virtual keyboards for typing.
Tablets may include physical buttons for
basic features such as speaker volume and
power, and ports for network communications
and battery charging. Tablets are typically
larger than smartphones or personal digital
assistants at 7 inches (18 cm) or larger,
measured diagonally.
8. Pocket PC
1. System Unit
3. Keyboard
In computing, a mouse is a
pointing device that functions by
detecting two-dimensional motion
relative to its supporting surface.
Physically, a mouse consists of
an object held under one of the
user's hands, with one or more
buttons
5. Speaker
An output device of a PC
Computer speakers, or
multimedia speakers, are
speakers external to a computer
that disable the lower fidelity
built-in speaker. They often have
a low-power internal amplifier
Other Devices
Inputs
Scanner
Mic
Finger Scanner
Web Cam
Digicam
Pen Tab
Output
1. Projector
2. Printer
Familiarization with the various computer systems components and
peripherals
PS/2 Port
Serial Port
USB Port
Facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer
under control of computer programs.
Game Port
The game port was the traditional connector for video game input devices. It
has 15 pins.
Firewire Port
The Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video interface standard covering the
transmission of video between a source device (such as a personal computer)
and a display device. The DVI standard has achieved widespread acceptance in
the PC industry, both in desktop PCs and monitors. It has 24 pins but some
has only 18 pins
HDMI Port
S-VIDEO PORT
Super Video Port can be use to connect the system unit display to the
ordinary TV. 7 pins for the PC and 4 pins for the TV
USB 3.0 PORT
USB 3.0 is the third major version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB)
standard for computer connectivity. First introduced in 2008, USB 3.0 adds
a new transfer mode called "SuperSpeed," (distinguishable from USB 2.0 by
either the blue colour of the port or the initials SS) capable of transferring
data at up to 5 Gbit/s – more than ten times as fast as the 480 Mbit/s top
speed of USB 2.0.
AGP Slot
ISA Slot
CNR Slot
AMR Slot
The audio/modem riser, also known as an AMR slot, is a riser expansion slot
found on the motherboards of some Pentium III, Pentium 4, Duron, and
Athlon personal computers. It was designed by Intel to interface with chipsets
and provide analog functionality, such as sound cards and modems, on an
expansion card.
PCIe x 1 Slot
Slot 1 refers to the physical and electrical specification for the connector used
by some of Intel's microprocessors, including the Pentium Pro, Celeron,
Pentium II and the Pentium III. Both single and dual processor configurations
were implemented.
IDE Connector
The port where the PATA / IDE (Parallel Advance Technology Attachment /
Integrated Device/Drive Electronic) Connector is inserted or placed.
FDD Connector
The port where the FDD (Floppy Disk Drive) Connector is inserted or placed.
SATA Connector
ATX (Advance Technology Extended) power connectors are the specific types
of connectors designed to connect a computer's power supply to an ATX
motherboard.
Connection between the button and the led lights of the front panel to the
motherboard to activate them.
CMOS Battery
Northbridge Chipset NB
Southbridge Chipset
SB
CPU Socket
CDROM / DVDROM
Optical Drive
Hardrive / Hard
Disk Drive / Disk
Drive
HDD it is the permanent or Main
Storages of a Computer. A device
for storing and retrieving digital
information, primarily computer
data, including our Operating
System
Both CDROM / DVDROM and the HDD connects to the Motherboard via the IDE / PATA and SATA
Cable
SDR DDR4
EXPANSION CARDS
Modem Card
Sound Card
a. Video Card
b. LAN Card
c. Capture Card
d. Sound Card
a. Keyboard
b. Mouse
c. Monitor
d. Printer
a. AVR
b. UPS
c. PSU
d. CPU
a. AGP slot
b. PCI slot
c. PCIe x16 slot
d. DIMM slot
Multiple Choice:
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. D
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Interview
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you….
1. Follow the proper procedure of Assembly process
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Learn the importance of configuring the BIOS
2. Configure the BIOS system
The BIOS (/ˈbaɪ.ɒs/, an acronym for Basic Input/Output System and also
known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is a type of firmware
used during the booting process (power-on startup) on IBM PC compatible
computers.The BIOS firmware is built into personal computers (PCs), and it
is the first software they run when powered on. The name itself originates
from the Basic Input/Output System used in the CP/M operating system in
1975.Originally proprietary to the IBM PC, the BIOS has been reverse
engineered by companies looking to create compatible systems and the
interface of that original system serves as a de facto standard.
The fundamental purposes of the BIOS are to initialize and test the system
hardware components, and to load a boot loader or an operating system
from a mass memory device. The BIOS additionally provides an abstraction
layer for the hardware, i.e. a consistent way for application programs and
operating systems to interact with the keyboard, display, and other
input/output devices. Variations in the system hardware are hidden by the
BIOS from programs that use BIOS services instead of directly accessing the
hardware. MS-DOS (PC DOS), which was the dominant PC operating system
from the early 1980s until the mid 1990s, relied on BIOS services for disk,
keyboard, and text display functions. MS Windows NT, Linux, and other
protected mode operating systems in general ignore the abstraction layer
provided by the BIOS and do not use it after loading, instead accessing the
hardware components directly.
Many modern PCs have a flash BIOS, which means that the BIOS has been
recorded on a flash memory chip, which can be updated if necessary.
PC BIOS Standardization
The PC BIOS is fairly standardized, so all PCs are similar at this level
(although there are different BIOS versions). Additional DOS functions are
usually added through software modules. This means you can upgrade to a
newer version of DOS without changing the BIOS.
PC BIOSes that can handle Plug-and-Play (PnP) devices are known as PnP
BIOSes, or PnP-aware BIOSes. These BIOSes are always implemented with
flash memory rather than ROM.
Computers manufactured in the last few years allow you to enter the BIOS
setup using one of the five keys shown below during the boot process.
** F10 is also used for the boot menu. If F10 opens a boot menu, your setup
key is likely F2.
Setup keys are to be pressed as the computer is booting up. Most users will
see a message similar to the example below upon startup. Some older
computers may also display a flashing block to indicate when to press the
F1 or F2 keys.
If your computer is new and you are unsure of what key to press when the
computer is booting, try pressing and holding one or more keys on the
keyboard to cause a stuck key error. Once you get this error, you should
have the option to continue or enter setup.
Once you have successfully entered the CMOS setup, you should see a
screen similar to the example below. Your CMOS setup may look a little
different, depending on the manufacturer, but should still have most of the
same options in the menu on the left or along the bottom of the screen.
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Interview
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Practice OHS
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Prepare Installer
Learning Objectives:
A boot device is any device or drive that has the required boot files that
allows the computer to start. For example, a Zip Drive, Floppy disk drive,
Optical Disk drive, Internal / External Hard Disk drive USB Flash Solid
State drive drive are all considered bootable devices. However, unless the
necessary boot files are stored on the drive, diskette, or disc the computer
will not be able to boot from that device.
The most commonly used boot device or boot drive is the hard drive. When
an operating system such as Microsoft Windows installed onto the hard
drive it copies the boot files and drivers required to load Windows on the
computer. When installing a new operating system, troubleshooting the
computer, or booting from another drive such as the CD-ROM drive, a
bootable disc or setup disc is inserted into the drive. If the boot sequence is
setup properly in CMOS setup and the bootable disc is inserted the
computer it will load from the disc instead of the hard drive.
If the computer hard drive is not working, has not yet been setup, or there
are no other bootable devices you will receive an error such as "no bootable
device" or "no boot devices available" when the computer boots up. This
error is an indication that the computer looked at all available devices, but
did not see any drive with boot files. If the computer was working before
getting this error message and no any new hardware has been added, it's
very likely that your hard drive has failed.
BOOTABLE DRIVES
Zip drive
CDROM (Optical
Disk Drive)
B.
2. Hard Disk Drive
C.
3. Solid State Drive
D.
4. Flash Drive
E.
5. Floppy Disk Drive
Matching Type:
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. E
5. C
Learning Objectives:
A common use of a bootable USB flash drive is to use it for booting into
Windows. This can allow you to perform diagnostics on a computer that has
hardware issues or can't boot into Windows. You can also use the flash drive
to install Windows, instead of using the Windows installation CD.
This guide will outline making a bootable USB flash drive with Windows XP,
Vista, or 7. Before we begin, it is important to note that the computer you
want to use your bootable USB drive must have the ability of booting to a
USB drive. Most computers built since Windows Vista was released are
capable of booting to a USB device. Prior to the Windows Vista time frame,
it's hit or miss with motherboards.
Note: You may need to have your USB flash drive plugged
in when you access the BIOS).
To make a bootable USB drive for Windows Vista or Windows 7, you need to
have Windows Vista or 7 installed on your computer. It is recommended
that you have a flash drive of at least 4 GB in size, in order to store all the
necessary files.
Tip: Before you start, plug in the USB drive and backup any files you have
stored on the USB drive. The drive will be formatted during this process and
all files on it will be deleted.
Note: You need to have a Windows Vista or Windows 7 DVD for these
instructions to be successful.
3. You will see a listing of the disk drives connected to your computer. Find
the disk number of your USB drive and type SELECT DISK [USB disk #],
where "[USB disk #]" is the disk # for your USB drive. It should now state
that your USB drive is the selected disk. If you're not sure what disk is the
USB disk, eject the USB drive, perform step number 2 again, connect the
USB drive again, and compare the results. Usually the USB drive will be the
last drive.
4. Type in the following commands, one by one, pressing Enter after each
command.
CLEAN
CREATE PARTITION PRIMARY
SELECT PARTITION 1
ACTIVE
FORMAT FS=NTFS
(may take a couple minutes, depending on the USB drive size)
ASSIGN
EXIT
Keep the command prompt window open, but you can minimize it for a little
bit.
5. You will now need your Windows Vista or 7 Installation DVD. Put the
DVD in your computer's DVD drive. Open up My Computer and note which
drive letter is assigned to your DVD Drive and your USB flash drive.
6. Go back to the command prompt window and type in D: CD BOOT
(substitute your DVD drive letter for "D:", if necessary) and press Enter.
Type CD BOOT again and press Enter. Lastly, type BOOTSECT.EXE /NT60
H: (substitute your USB flash drive letter for "H:", if necessary) and press
Enter.
7. The last step is to copy the entire contents of the Windows DVD to your
USB flash drive. To do this, in the My Computer window (opened in step 5
above), right-click on the DVD drive and select Open to view the contents of
the DVD. Copy all the files and folders on the DVD to the USB flash drive.
Your USB flash drive is now set up to be a bootable USB drive for Windows
Vista or 7.
Windows XP users
To make the bootable USB drive for Windows XP, it is recommended that
you have a flash drive of at least 4 GB in size, in order to store all the
necessary files. You also need to download Windows Server 2003 SP1 and a
program called PE Builder (also known as Bart PE).
Tip: Before you start, plug in the USB drive and backup any files you have
stored on the USB drive. The drive will be formatted during this process and
all files on it will be deleted.
1. Install PE Builder on your computer. For the sake of ease, install the
program to a C:\PEBuilder folder. After you've installed PE Builder, create a
folder titled SRSP1 in the PEBuilder folder.
2. Now you need to extract two files from Windows Server 2003 SP1. The
filename is quite long, so it is recommended that you rename the file to
something shorter, like WS-SP1.exe. Open a command prompt (Start > Run,
type cmd and press Enter) and use the cd command to change to the folder
where you downloaded the Windows Server 2003 SP1 file to (i.e. cd
c:\downloads to change to the c:\downloads folder). Then, type WS-SP1.exe
-x to extract the files. A window should open asking where to extract the
files. You can enter the same folder where the file was downloaded.
3. A new folder titled i386 will be created by the extraction process. Type cd
i386 to change to that folder. You now need to copy the setupldr.bin file to
the SRSP1 folder you created in the PE Builder folder. Type copy
setupldr.bin c:\PEBuilder\SRSP1 to copy the file.
4. You also need to expand the ramdisk.sys file to the SRSP1 folder.
7. Now, you can create the bootable USB flash drive. Open a command
prompt again and type cd c:\PEBuilder to change to the PEBuilder folder.
Make sure your USB drive is plugged in to your computer and type pe2usb
-f e: (change "e:" to the drive letter assigned to your USB flash drive, if
necessary) to create the bootable drive. When prompted to begin the
process, type YES. When the process is complete, press any key to exit the
program.
Your USB flash drive is now set up to be a bootable USB drive for Windows
XP using the Bart PE interface.
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation,
the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the
computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed
directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS
function or be interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on many
devices that contain a computer—from cellular phones and video game
consoles to web servers and supercomputers.
There are different kinds of OS for Computers. Here are the most famous OS
use worldwide.
1. Windows by Microsoft
History of Windows
The history of Windows dates back to September 1981, when Chase Bishop,
a computer scientist, designed the first model of an electronic device and
project Interface Manager was started. It was announced in November 1983
(after the Apple Lisa, but before the Macintosh) under the name "Windows",
but Windows 1.0 was not released until November 1985.
Windows 1.0
Windows 2.0
Was released in December 1987 and was more popular than its predecessor.
It features several improvements to the user interface and memory
management. Windows 2.03 changed the OS from tiled windows to
overlapping windows. The result of this change led to Apple Computer filing
a suit against Microsoft alleging infringement on Apple's copyrights.
Windows 2.0 also introduced more sophisticated keyboard shortcuts and
could make use of expanded memory.
Windows 2.1
Windows 3.0
Windows 3.2
Windows 95
On June 25, 1998, which introduced the Windows Driver Model, support for
USB composite devices, support for ACPI, hibernation, and support for
multi-monitor configurations. Windows 98 also included integration with
Internet Explorer 4 through Active Desktop and other aspects of the
Windows Desktop Update (a series of enhancements to the Explorer shell
which were also made available for Windows 95).
Windows NT
Early versions
In November 1988, a new development team within Microsoft (which
included former Digital Equipment Corporation developers Dave Cutler and
Mark Lucovsky) began work on a revamped version of IBM and Microsoft's
OS/2 operating system known as "NT OS/2". NT OS/2 was intended to be a
secure, multi-user operating system with POSIX compatibility and a
modular, portable kernel with preemptive multitasking and support for
multiple processor architectures. However, following the successful release
of Windows 3.0, the NT development team decided to rework the project to
use an extended 32-bit port of the Windows API known as Win32 instead of
those of OS/2. Win32 maintained a similar structure to the Windows APIs
(allowing existing Windows applications to easily be ported to the platform),
but also supported the capabilities of the existing NT kernel. Following its
approval by Microsoft's staff, development continued on what was now
Windows NT, the first 32-bit version of Windows. However, IBM objected to
the changes, and ultimately continued OS/2 development on its own.
The first release of the resulting operating system, Windows NT 3.1 (named
to associate it with Windows 3.1) was released in July 1993 with versions for
desktop workstations and servers. Windows NT 3.5 was released in
September 1994, focusing on performance improvements and support for
Novell's NetWare, and was followed up by Windows NT 3.51 in May 1995,
which included additional improvements and support for the PowerPC
architecture. Windows NT 4.0 was released in June 1996, introducing the
redesigned interface of Windows 95 to the NT series. On February 17, 2000,
Microsoft released Windows 2000, a successor to NT 4.0. The Windows NT
name was dropped at this point in order to put a greater focus on the
Windows brand.
Windows XP
The next major version of Windows, was released on October 25, 2001. The
introduction of Windows XP aimed to unify the consumer-oriented Windows
9x series with the architecture introduced by Windows NT, a change which
Microsoft promised would provide better performance over its DOS-based
predecessors. Windows XP would also introduce a redesigned user interface
(including an updated Start menu and a "task-oriented" Windows Explorer),
streamlined multimedia and networking features, Internet Explorer 6,
integration with Microsoft's .NET Passport services, modes to help provide
compatibility with software designed for previous versions of Windows, and
Remote Assistance functionality.
At retail, Windows XP was now marketed in two main editions: the "Home"
edition was targeted towards consumers, while the "Professional" edition
was targeted towards business environments and power users, and included
additional security and networking features. Home and Professional were
later accompanied by the "Media Center" edition (designed for home theater
PCs, with an emphasis on support for DVD playback, TV tuner cards, DVR
functionality, and remote controls), and the "Tablet PC" edition (designed for
mobile devices meeting its specifications for a tablet computer, with support
for stylus pen input and additional pen-enabled applications).[27][28][29]
Mainstream support for Windows XP ended on April 14, 2009. Extended
support ended on April 8, 2014.
After Windows 2000, Microsoft also changed its release schedules for server
operating systems; the server counterpart of Windows XP, Windows Server
2003, was released in April 2003. It was followed in December 2005 by
Windows Server 2003 R2.
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Release on July 22, 2009 together with Windows Server 2008 R2, as RTM
(release to manufacturing) while the former was released to the public 3
months later on October 22, 2009. Unlike its predecessor, Windows Vista,
which introduced a large number of new features, Windows 7 was intended
to be a more focused, incremental upgrade to the Windows line, with the
goal of being compatible with applications and hardware with which
Windows Vista was already compatible. Windows 7 has multi-touch support,
a redesigned Windows shell with an updated taskbar, a home networking
system called Home Group, and performance improvements.
Windows 8
The successor to Windows 7, was released generally on October 26, 2012. A
number of significant changes were made on Windows 8, including the
introduction of a user interface based around Microsoft's Metro design
language with optimizations for touch-based devices such as tablets and all-
in-one PCs. These changes include the Start screen, which uses large tiles
that are more convenient for touch interactions and allow for the display of
continually updated information, and a new class of apps which are
designed primarily for use on touch-based devices. Other changes include
increased integration with cloud services and other online platforms (such
as social networks and Microsoft's own SkyDrive and Xbox Live services),
the Windows Store service for software distribution, and a new variant
known as Windows RT for use on devices that utilize the ARM architecture.
Windows 8.1
Windows 10
Windows Servers
OS Release Editions
Date
Windows Client
OS Release Editions
Date
Windows 10 Home
Windows 10 Pro
Windows 10 2014 Windows 10 Enterprise
Windows 10 Education
Windows 10 Mobile
Windows 10 Mobile Enterprise
Windows 10 IoT Core
Windows 8.1
Windows 8.1 2013 Windows 8.1 Pro
Windows 8.1 Enterprise
Windows 8
Windows 8 2012 Windows 8 Pro
Windows 8 Enterprise
Windows 7 Home Basic
Windows 7 Home Premium
Windows 7 2009 Windows 7 Professional
Windows 7 Enterprise
Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows XP Starter
Windows XP Home
Windows XP 2001 Windows XP Professional
Windows XP 64-bit Edition
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy
PCs
Windows 95
Windows 95 SP1 (31 December 1995)
Windows 95 OSR1 (14 February 1996)
Windows 95 OSR2 (24 August 1996)
Windows 95 1995 Windows 95 USB Supplement to
OSR2 (27 August 1997)
Windows 95 OSR2.1 (27 August 1997)
Windows 95 OSR2.5 (26 November
1997)
Windows NT 3.51 1995 Windows NT 3.51 Workstation
2. Linux
The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and
open-source software collaboration. The underlying source code may be
used, modified, and distributed—commercially or non-commercially—by
anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically,
Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution, for both desktop
and server use. Some popular mainstream Linux distributions include
Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Fedora, openSUSE, Arch Linux, and the
commercial Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
Linux distributions include the Linux kernel, supporting utilities and
libraries and usually a large amount of application software to fulfill the
distribution's intended use.
3. MAC OS X
The first releases of Mac OS X from 1999 to 2006 can run only on the
PowerPC based Macs of the period. After Apple announced it would shift to
using Intel x86 CPUs from 2006 onwards, Tiger and Leopard were released
in versions for Intel and PowerPC processors. Snow Leopard is the first
version released only for Intel Macs. Since the release of Mac OS X 10.7
"Lion", OS X has dropped support for 32-bit Intel processors as well. It now
runs exclusively on 64-bit Intel CPUs.
4. UNIX
Unix is primarily a command line oriented operating system you can get
additional applications such as X-Window, which allows you to have a
graphic oriented operating system similar to Windows. Since Unix is often
used from the command line there are various shells. A shell is a large add-
on or modification of the Unix operating system, to determine the shell you
can type echo $shell at the Unix prompt. When typing this command a
response such as "/bin/csh" is displayed, which indicates you are logged
into is a C shell. Bourne shell is "/bin/sh" and Korn shell which is
"/bin/ksh."
There are dozens of Unix distributions that have been released since its
initial release. Below is a few of the distributions we have currently listed on
our site.
DYNIX/ptx
HP-UX
IRIX
MINIX
SCO OpenServer
SCO UNIX
Solaris
System V
Tru64
ULTRIX
Xenix
5. Chrome OS
Chrome OS is an operating system based on the Linux kernel and designed
by Google to work with web applications and installed applications. Initially,
Chrome OS was almost a pure web thin client operating system, with only a
handful of "native" applications, but Google gradually began encouraging
developers to create "packaged applications", some of which can work
offline. In 2014, Google upgraded its Play Store standards for packaged
applications, requiring that these applications work offline. Around the same
time, Google also announced that Chrome OS would gain the ability to run
Android applications natively, by late 2014. In September 2014, App
Runtime for Chrome (beta) was launched together with four Android
applications being able to run on Chrome OS.
On November 19, 2009, Google released Chrome OS's source code as the
Chromium OS project. As with other open source projects, developers can
modify the code from Chromium OS and build their own versions, whereas
Chrome OS code is only supported by Google and its partners and only runs
on hardware designed for the purpose. Unlike Chromium OS, Chrome OS is
automatically updated to the latest version.
At a November 19, 2009 news conference, Sundar Pichai, the Google vice
president overseeing Chrome, demonstrated an early version of the
operating system. He previewed a desktop which looked very similar to the
Chrome browser, and, in addition to the regular browser tabs, also had
application tabs, which take less space and can be pinned for easier access.
At the conference, the operating system booted up in seven seconds, a time
Google said it would work to reduce.
Also on November 19, 2009, Chris Kenyon, vice president of OEM services at
Canonical Ltd, announced that Canonical was under contract to contribute
engineering resources to the project with the intent to build on existing open
source components and tools where feasible.
1-5 – Enumerate at least 5 old Windows base OS that are no longer use by
public users
1. Windows ME
2. Windows 98 1st edition
3. Windows 98 second edition
4. Windows 95
5. Windows 3.11 etc.
6. Windows XP
7. Windows Vista
8. Windows 7
9. Windows 8
10. Windows 10 etc.
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
LEARNING OUTCOME 3
3. Go to Main menu and look if the ODD and HDD are detected
4. Go to Boot Sequence and make the ODD to boot first followed by the
HDD
6. The PC will restart then wait until “Press any key to boot from CD or
DVD” will appear on your screen…
7. Then press any key… the screen will turn blue signifies and indicates
that you have entered the Win 7 setup
3. Go to drives menu and look if the External Drive / Flash drive and
HDD are detected (Make the Flash drive as the Primary drive if
needed)
6. The PC will restart then wait until “Press any key” will appear on your
screen…
7. Then press any key… the screen will turn blue signifies and indicates
that you have entered the Win 7 setup
“Once setup has started wait until the screen goes like this”
“Now Start choosing your OS Language to install followed by the Time
Zone then press next”
“Now tick on the box I accept the license terms and then click the next
button”
“Now choose Custom Advance”
“Now it’s up to you to choose if how many partitions are you going to
create especially if you are planning to create a Dual Boot System”
After
“For now all you have to do is wait until it finishes copying and
installing all the requires windows setup to your HDD”
“Once your PC has restarted, you will be required to input the
Computer Name and a User name for this computer then press next…”
“Now
your Fresh copy of Windows 7 is ready for first use”
“Check to
see if your computer is compatible with Windows 7. The Windows 7
Upgrade Advisor scans your computer to see if you can upgrade it to
Windows 7”
“After the following procedures where done you may now insert your
Windows 7 installation disc into the computer at this point”
“Now tick on the box I accept the license terms and then click the next
button”
“This time choose the Upgrade option and then just wait until it
finishes installing your new upgraded version of OS”
Supplies/Materials : CD OS Installer
Tools & Equipment : Set of PC, Flash Driver with OS installer, External ODD
Steps/Procedure:
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Interview
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Prepare the necessary tools, equipment and
materials
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Learn the importance of Installing Device Drivers
2. Install System drivers
3. Install Peripheral and other device drivers
To see which drivers are installed properly and which driver weren’t go to;
Control Panel > Systems and Security > Systems > Device Manager
In case a yellow sign with a Question mark in it is seen in this part. You
may need to install or find a driver for it.
You may need to install the Driver CD included in your motherboard
package like in this picture.
Now in case you are adding an expansion card in your system (motherboard)
you may need to install its driver cd included in its package. For example a
video card with either an ATI chipset or NVIDIA chipset.
ATI
NVIDIA
While adding a device in your computer via I/O interface a driver should
also be installed so that the hardware will run properly. Like in the case of a
Printer
A computer printer does not work until you install the included drivers and
software. If you have lost the CD for your printer, you can always download
the drivers for your printer and use the drivers to install your printer.
Procedure
Connect the printer to the computer either using a USB cable, parallel port
cable, or SCSI cable and then connect the power plug to a power outlet.
Today, most all home computer printers are using a USB cable and newer
manufactured printer may also be connected via LAN or WIFI.
Every printer should come with the software used to install a printer in
Windows or your operating system.
Insert the CD that came with the printer. If the CD does not
automatically start, open My Computer, double-click on the CD drive,
and then click the Setup or Install file. If you have downloaded the
drivers, run the downloaded setup file.
Follow the installation wizard and at times need to agree with the license
agreement
At the middle of the setup it will require you to turn on the Printer
Once the printer was detected by the system the setup will continue
once completed your software is installed.
Test the printer to make sure it is working via test printing.
Installing a Scanner
Before you can
scan documents into your computer with a scanner, you need to install the
scanner driver so that your scanner and computer can communicate. Start
by connecting the scanner to your computer’s USB port (see your scanner
manual for information about how it connects to your computer).
Some scanners use Plug and Play, a technology that Windows uses to
recognize equipment and automatically install and set it up. If your scanner
is Plug and Play-enabled, Windows 7 shows a Found New Hardware
message in the Taskbar notification area (in the lower-right corner). Most
Plug and Play devices will then automatically install, the message will
change to verify the installation is complete, and that’s all you have to do.
Click the Found New Hardware message, click Yes, This Time Only,
and then click Next again.
If you have a CD for the scanner, insert it in your CD drive and click
Next.
o
Click a Manufacturer in the list on the left and then click a model in
the list on the right.
When you reach the end of the wizard, click Finish. The
installation is complete.
Installing a PC Webcam
Make sure you have everything to hand that you’ll need to complete
your installation. The webcam should come with a USB cable that will
connect it to your computer (except if you have a wireless version).
Make sure that you follow the steps of the software program, you’ll be
installing the drivers that allow your computer to communicate with
the webcam. It may be important to plug in the webcam in a certain
order with other cables and equipment, so only plug it in when
prompted to do so.
If your webcam doesn’t have a clip, make sure it’s sitting firmly on a
flat surface so that your web pictures are level. The tops of older-style
CRT monitors are perfect for webcams to sit on.
Now you’ve completed the set-up, it’s time to see the results! Click
Start again and find your webcam program. Double-click on it and the
program will open up.
Supplies/Materials : CD Installer
Tools & Equipment : Printer, Scanner, Webcam, 1 Set of PC with OS
and flash drive with different downloaded drivers
Steps/Procedure:
3. Install printer
4. Install scanner
5. Install webcam
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Interview
Performance Criteria Check-list CO1.3-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you….
1. Inserted the ink cartridge correctly
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Learn the importance of Installing OS updates
2. Learn the importance of Installing Driver updates/patches
3. Install updates
We’ve all heard about or even experienced the havoc that computer viruses
and other malicious software can cause to PCs and computer networks.
Computer hackers are constantly trying to find ways to attack networks and
computers with the intent of committing fraud and other crimes. When they
succeed, individuals and enterprises can lose a great deal of time and
money. In spite of their high cost and the headaches they cause, many
security breaches are easily avoidable. The security fixes are available, but
users don’t get them installed quickly enough (or at all). With Internet usage
increasing, it’s more important than ever to keep your PC protected from
malicious code. In addition to security updates, other software updates that
make your computer run better and give you a better experience. For
example, an update may fix an issue with a hardware device, improve the
performance of your computer, or deliver improved features.
We all get them from time to time- those little windows that pop up,
notifying us that there are software updates available for our computer.
Chances are, these always seem to present themselves right when we are in
the middle of doing something seemingly important, so it’s all too convenient
to click on that “Remind Me Later” button. Later eventually rolls around,
and our little pop-up friend is back once again, nagging us to install these
updates and restart our computer. And just like during their last visit, we’re
right in the middle of something, and the cycle continues. However, that
notification is not there just to pester us. There is actually significant
importance in updating our software.
Why Should I Install Updates?
Software updates perform a myriad of tasks. They are available for both our
operating system and individual software programs. Performing these
updates will deliver a multitude of revisions to your computer, such as
adding new features, removing outdated features, updating drivers,
delivering bug fixes, and most importantly, fixing security holes that have
been discovered.
The Dangers Of Software Vulnerabilities
Once it infects your computer, this malware can then steal data, allow the
attacker to gain control over your computer, and even use software in a way
that it was not originally intended. A recent example of an attack via
software vulnerabilities is the “Shellshock” attacks on Mac OSX and Linux.
Here are the easy steps on how to update the OS and Device Driver
(e.g. Win 7)
Open Windows Update by clicking the Start button Picture of the Start
button. In the search box, type Update, and then, in the list of results,
click Windows Update.
In the left pane, click Check for updates, and then wait while Windows
looks for the latest updates for your computer.
If you see a message telling you that important updates are available,
or telling you to review important updates, click the message to view
and select the important updates to install.
In the list, click the important updates for more information. Select
the check boxes for any updates that you want to install, and then
click OK.
Read and accept the license terms, and then click Finish if the update
requires it. Administrator permission required If you're prompted for
an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or
provide confirmation.
Note: If language packs are available, install only the languages that
you use.
Some updates might require that you restart your computer to finish
installing. Save and close all your programs before restarting to
prevent data loss.
To install optional updates, you need to review and then select them
from the list of updates that Windows finds for your computer.
Optional updates are not installed automatically.
Open Windows Update by clicking the Start button Picture of the Start
button. In the search box, type Update, and then, in the list of results,
click Windows Update.
In the left panel, click Check for updates, and then wait while
Windows looks for the latest updates for your computer.
If you see a message telling you that optional updates are available, or
telling you to review optional updates, click the message to view and
select the optional updates to install.
In the list, click the optional updates to see more information about
the update. Select the check boxes for any optional updates that you
want to install, and then click OK.
Steps/Procedure:
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Interview
Performance Criteria Check-list CO1.3-3
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Found right website for the OS updates
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Learn the compatibility issues between the hardware specification
2. Learn the compatibility issues between software requirement and
recommendation
It is not necessarily to install every hardware we might think is good for our
computer. Sometimes installing or adding some hardware to our system
might just make our system to run slower or worst will create further
problem. Upgrading system hardware will require compatibility before you
may able to install or run them. Keep in mind that hardware with a higher
version of specification needs also hardware associates with the same level
of performance.
The Computer OS will not allow you to install any Application Software if it
is not compatible with it. For example you will not be able to install an
Application Software intended only for Windows OS in a MAC OS computer,
vice versa. And sometimes some application software intended only for
Windows OS doesn’t mean it is compatible to every windows base PC. For
example Running a 32 bit windows will not allow you to install application
software intended for 64bit windows base. Some software may require you to
install other programs or software first before you may continue the
installation.
Driver software also not exempted with this compatibility issues. Different
CD drivers has their complete set of drivers depends on the OS of the
computer.
This different compatibility issues can also be corrected by different OS. For
example Windows OS has a program known as “Program Compatibility
Assistant”. Program Compatibility is a mode that allows you to run
programs that were written for earlier versions of Windows. The Program
Compatibility Assistant detects compatibility issues and allows you to
reinstall using the recommended settings.
Self Check C01.3-4
Compatibility Issues
True or False:
True or False
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
LEARNING OUTCOME 4
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Learn the different types of Application Software
2. Choose the best Application Software that suits your computer
Application Software
The term is used to distinguish such software from system software, which
manages and integrates a computer's capabilities but does not directly
perform tasks that benefit the user, and utility software, which is directly
concerned with altering or managing the computer's operating environment.
a. Content Access
b. Information
c. Anti-virus
d. Simulation
a. Information Worker
b. Simulation
c. Anti-virus
d. Application Suit
a. Educational
b. Utility
c. Anti-virus
d. Entertainment
a. Utility
b. Educational
c. Virtualization
d. Media Development
Multiple Choice:
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. A
INFORMATION SHEET C01.4-2
Application Software’s Installation Procedures
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Learn the procedures in Installing Application Software
2. Install different Application Software
Installation Procedure
Materials Needed:
- Computer
- CD or DVD drive
- Installation disc
- Internet connection
- Web browser
2. If No Autorun Feature
- Open My Computer.
Within the My Computer window, open the drive that contains the
installation files. For example, if the files are on the CD-ROM drive open the
D: drive or letter of your CD-ROM drive.
Setup.exe Within the drive that contains your files, locate either the
executable setup or install file. Double-clicking on this file starts the
installation process. If you see multiple setup or install files, try to locate the
Application file or double-click each of the setup or install files until you find
the file that starts the installation. Many times the icons associated with the
installation files have the same name.
In the Run Window, type x:\setup or x:\install where x is the letter of the
install drive.
Once the files are extracted, double click the setup to install.
4. MS-DOS users
Once you are in the directory or drive that contains the installation files, run
the executable for setup. Many times this can be done by typing setup or
install at the prompt to start the installation. If both of these commands give
a bad command or file name error message, type dir *.exe or dir *.com or dir
*.bat. These commands list any executable files; if any files are listed,
execute these files to run the installation or setup of the program. If no files
are listed when typing all three of the above commands, you are in the
incorrect directory or drive letter for that program.
Step 1
The first most important step in software installation is to verify that the
target system meets the general hardware requirements of the application.
Beginning the installation in a computer machine which does not possess
the minimum requirements can lead to either an unsuccessful installation
or failure of the program to run after installing it.
Step 2
Since programs in general are written to be Operating System dependent,
make sure that the version of the application you are installing corresponds
to the Operating System platform running on your machine.
Step 3
Step 4
Once all the initial requirements have been met, make sure that there are no
unnecessary programs running before beginning the installation procedure.
In some instances, applications may require that the antivirus programs be
disabled. Make sure that you are installing a legitimate application before
disabling your protection software.
Step 5
Software installation can be done either from the Internet (skip to step 8) or
from an installation disc provided by the software manufacturer. To install
from the disc, simply open the CD or DVD drive and insert the installer.
Step 6
A setup wizard window should be launched. In case there is none, open the
Explorer and navigate to the optical drive. Double click on either the
Autorun or Setup file.
Step 7
Once the wizard is running, simply follow the prompts until the installation
process is completed. For novice users, accept the default values to
minimize potential problems during the procedure. Jump to step 10.
Step 8
For installation from the Web, launch your browser application and
download the setup file to your hard drive.
Step 9
Step 10
After the installation procedure has been completed and the setup wizard
has terminated, reboot your machine before launching the newly installed
software.
Supplies/Materials : CD installers
Tools & Equipment : 1 Set of PC with OS, External / Flash drive with
different Application Software
Steps/Procedure:
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Interview
Performance Criteria Check-list CO1.4-2
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Prepare the necessary tools and equipment
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Learn the Importance of Application software updates
2. Download and install different Application Software updates
The most prominent source of software updates today comes directly from
your operating system. In the case of the Macintosh operating system, a
program named Software Update comes pre-installed on all Macs and will
prompt the user every few weeks to update Apple-specific software such as
iTunes. This program can also be installed on Windows-based machines
looking for updates on Apple products for that operating system as well.
Windows-based computers also come with a Microsoft-specific software
update program, most commonly known as the "Security Updater," found in
the Control Panel. Both these programs check for updates for the specific
operating system (i.e. Windows XP or Mac OS 10.5) updates, including
security fixes, as well as application changes.
If you download a computer application from the web, it may have a version
associated with it (i.e. Version 1.2.5) or something to that effect. These
numbers represent the number of software updates made to the application.
It is important to update to new versions of downloaded third-party software
for bug fixes, enhancements and possible new features. Unlike the operating
system update programs, these applications may come with an auto-update
prompt, a menu to check for updates, or just rely on the user to find new
updates themselves online. In this way these applications are harder to
update but should be checked on by the user every couple weeks.
Non-Computer Software Updates
Some other electronic devices, such as MP3 players, video game systems
and cell phones, also can have software updates for the same reasons as
computer-based software. Many modern video gaming systems have a built-
in updating system that connects to the Internet and is able to download
and install updates without any computer necessary. MP3 players and cell
phones generally rely on the user to download new patches to their
computer and connect the device to update.
The best reason to update software is to get the best performance from your
computer, gaming system or other device. By keeping software updated it
shows that you have interest in the application and keeps developers
interested in developing said application further. Many people still have
trouble with updating software themselves, but solutions are being created
to this day to manage updates in an easier fashion to keep users on board
with the latest and greatest ideas. Take a look at what software you use day
to day, and check if it has been updated recently to see if you might have
some changes that could affect your computing from now on. Most of all,
software updates are a necessity for an ever-changing environment of new
technologies available today. Keeping up with updated software means you
have the best resources at your disposal as well as the newest ideas brought
to you in your favorite computer applications and programs.
When you want to updates your installed software or you may want to
install a program, some requirements are needed for you to update first, or
to install an addition program first, before you can continue to your desire
update or installation.
Start button
Click All Programs, and then click Windows Update.
In the navigation pane, click Check for updates, and then wait while
Windows looks for the latest updates for your computer.
If any updates are found, click Install updates. If you are prompted for
an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or
provide confirmation.
Note: Make sure that you install all available updates so that
Internet Explorer can install successfully.
Software Update is a software tool by Apple Inc. that installs the latest
version of Apple software on computers running OS X. It was originally
introduced to Mac users in Mac OS 9. A Windows version has been available
since the introduction of iTunes 7, under the name Apple Software Update.
Software Update automatically informs users of new updates.
Software Update is a software tool by Apple Inc. that installs the latest
version of Apple software on computers running OS X. It was originally
introduced to Mac users in Mac OS 9. A Windows version has been available
since the introduction of iTunes 7, under the name Apple Software Update.
Software Update automatically informs users of new updates.
Answer Self Check CO1.4-3
Software Updates requirements
True or False
True or False
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
LEARNING OUTCOME 5
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Learn how to test different devices/peripherals (hardware)
2. Learn how to test Application Software (software)
Testing different hardware devices that are connected to our system should
be done after installing or connecting them. If their I/O interface connection
comes with a USB connector try connecting it to all the USB port in the
front panel and in the back panel, our system should detect it anywhere we
connect it. There are also some devices in our system that can be connected
to different port e.g. the Monitor. The monitor can be connected through a
VGA port, DVI port, HDMI port etc., try using different cables from this
different port if our Monitor can run properly.
tests usually coax underpowered or faulty power supplies into giving up the
ghost, so you're stressing two birds with one stone. Yay efficiency!
Once your GPU passes its primary stress test, I like to run some
benchmarks derived from actual games to see how the graphics card holds
under real-life usage. My favorite software for doing that is the Alien vs.
Predator and S.T.A.L.K.E.R benchmarking tools, both of which are freely
available.
After the printer is installed, you can use Windows to print a self-test page
to help verify the printer is working.
1.
Click
After the Scanner is installed, you can use Windows to check if your scanner
is properly installed and ready for use.
To check to see if your scanner is properly installed, open the Device Stage.
Choose Start→Devices and Printers. If Windows doesn’t automatically find
your scanner, you can manually add it in the Devices and Printers window
by clicking the Add a Device button in the toolbar and following the wizard’s
commands.
4. Click the Preview button to see what your document will look like.
Windows scans the document and presents you with an image of your
document.
After the Webcam is installed, you can use the application that comes to its
driver CD to check if your camera is working and was installed properly. In
case your camera was installed by generic driver by your OS you can check
your camera if installed properly thru the help of third party application
from the internet.
After installing AMcap, a small dialog window will load that will
automatically detect your webcam. This is what the main interface will look
like before detecting your webcam, with five menu options at the top of the
window: “File, Devices, Options, Capture and Help.”
It will only take a few seconds for AMcap to activate your webcam. Once it
does, you can take photos with this software by going to “Capture” and
selecting “Take picture.”
When you click to take a picture, the image will be opened straight away in
Windows Explorer, and from here all you have to do to save the image is
open your favorite graphics program via “Open” in Windows Explorer.
e.g. Yawcam
After installing this software, this is what the main interface will look like;
two dialog windows – one to display your webcam, the other to access menu
controls. To get Yawcam to detect your webcam, click the “Settings” and
select “Detect webcam.
Testing installed Application Software
Open the Start button – All programs – find your antivirus – execute the
program – click scan
Once the scanning has finished either the program will detect if your system
is virus free. Then your program is ok
Open the Start button – All programs – Microsoft Office – Microsoft Word –
type anything you desire
Open the Start button – All programs – Video LAN – VLC Player – then
browse any video file in your system - play
Open the Start button – All programs – Choose desired game – execute the
applications –
Reliability engineers often test items under expected stress or even under
accelerated stress in order to determine the operating life of the item or to
determine modes of failure.
The term "stress" may have a more specific meaning in certain industries,
such as material sciences, and therefore stress testing may sometimes have
a technical meaning – one example is in fatigue testing for materials.
Hardware stress testing and stability are subjective and may vary according
to how the system will be used. A stress test for a system running 24/7 or
that will perform error sensitive tasks such as distributed computing or
"folding" projects may differ from one that needs to be able to run a single
game with reasonably reliability.
The importance of the stress test is to know for sure that your PC isn't going
to blue screen on you when you're in the middle of something important. If
you test the machine at 100% for hours, you can be sure that it's not going
to BSOD on you when you're doing up an important document.
While the computer could be stable enough to run normally, you never know
if it's stable enough to run properly. It could give out on you at the worst
time.
Also, it's to test temperatures, running it at 100% lets you know how much
temperature head room you have, how capable your cooling is. Gotta factor
in running video cards at 100% also to make sure your case can dispense
heat.
1. HeavyLoad
HeavyLoad is a utility that aims to stress the main component areas of a PC,
namely processor, memory, hard drive and graphics. It can also run these
tests individually or altogether which is obviously the time maximum stress
will be placed of the system hardware and also the power supply. The Disk
space and Free memory tests are not really there to put undue stress on
those components, but rather continually writes a large file to the drive and
allocates / deallocates memory to the system simulating heavy load when all
major components are utilized.
There is an option though to add more stress to the hard drive by using Jam
software’s other popular included tool Treesize Free to simulate more heavy
Furmark is a
stability and stress testing tool designed especially for graphics cards and
runs a very intensive “Fur” rendering algorithm which is very good at
pushing the GPU to its absolute limits. There are a few settings that can be
changed such as resolution, full screen mode and anti aliasing, and a few
presets are available such as running in the HD resolutions of 720 / 1080,
or running a burn-in test for 15 minutes. The benchmark’s default run time
and an alarm for the maximum allowable temperature for the graphics card
is found via the Settings window.
3. StressMyPC
This is a simple, tiny and portable utility of around 20KB that can run a
stability test on your single, multi core or multi threaded processor. In
addition it can also perform a couple of other tests such as a simple GPU
graphics test and also one for the hard drive. The “Paint-Stress” GPU test is
enabled by default and the “HD-test” and a more aggressive CPU test which
will push your processor towards 100% (the standard test used about 60%
of a dual core CPU during testing) can be enabled by the buttons at the top
of the window. StressMyPC works on all versions of Windows 2000 and
above, including 64-bit.
4. System Stability Tester
System Stability Tester works by simply using the well known and famous
method of telling the computer to calculate the value of Pi up to 128 million
digits. This will completely consume your processor for as long as the test
runs and can also be used as a basic benchmarking tool to see how long it
takes your CPU to calculate the specified number of digits. The range can be
between 128 thousand up to 128 million and can be run continuously up to
50 times using up to 32 threads. There are 2 methods to choose from,
Borwein and Gauss-Legendre which is also used by the classic SuperPi tool.
5. IntelBurnTest
Despite the name, IntelBurnTest actually works fine for testing on AMD
processors as well, and is called as such because it makes use of the Intel
Linpack libraries which Intel themselves use to stress test CPU’s. Usage is
easy and all you have to do is set the number of times to run the test, the
number of threads to use and the test stress level. This can be Standard,
High, Very High or Maximum and if your available RAM is less than what
the test requires, choose Custom and set the amount of memory to use
accordingly.
6. SiSoft Sandra Lite
9. Prime95
Prime95 is a tool used extensively by users who overclock their systems and
is often run for several hours pushing the CPU to its limits during that time.
This is due to Prime95’s high reliance on the CPU’s Floating Point Unit for
most of its running which keeps the stress levels and temperatures very
high during use. On starting the tool it will ask if you want to run a torture
test and what intensity if so. This ranges from Small FFT which stresses
mainly the CPU, to the Blend test that puts a good deal of stress on most
related hardware components. Prime95 often needs to be used for at least
10 hours to get the best results. It’s portable and works on Windows 95 and
newer.
10. LinX
LinX is another small and portable tool that runs a stress test on your
processor using Intels LinPack libraries. Just set the problem size to the
desired value and the amount of memory to be allocated will be
automatically set. Or for maximum stress simply press the All button to
allocate all available memory to the task. Then set the Run value which can
be either number of runs or minutes. LinX can also grab some
temperatures, voltages and fan speeds from Everest and SpeedFan if they
are installed. LinX is portable and has separate 32-bit and 64-bit versions in
the archive.
Important:
It’s also NOT a good idea to test a hard drive if you suspect it has any kind
of problem because a stress test will increase the speed at which the drive
might fail. Backing up is therefore recommended before running tests on
any drives that hold important data. A hardware monitoring utility is
important to use as well so you can monitor system temperatures, fan
speeds and voltages while the stability tests are being performed, and you
can stop the test if you identify a heat or fan problem etc.
Steps/Procedure:
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Interview
Performance Criteria Check-list CO1.5-2
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Prepare the necessary tools and equipment
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Learn the Importance of Maintaining the Tools & Equipment,
Materials, and Testing device.
2. Do the Maintenance protocol
Lost tools are expensive to replace and much time can be wasted if they are
not available and ready to use when needed.
It is usual for those who have responsibility for looking after tools,
equipment and materials to keep an inventory (list) of these things.
We should check off the inventory regularly and if any items have been
loaned out and not returned, he/she must get them back. Breakages and
losses and materials which have been used up should be reported to
superiors and requests made to replace them.
It is a good idea to have a tool box equipped with the necessary partitions for
the tools and materials (screws of different types etc.) ready to be picked up
and taken to a job.
Procedures on how to maintain different Tools & Equipment, Materials,
and Testing devices for long life usage.
Driving tools
The general rule in selecting the correct screwdriver for any particular screw
is to choose one with a blade width equal to the diameter of the screw. That
way, the torque is distributed across as much slot as possible, minimizing
the possibility of burring up the slot and disfiguring it.
Finally, only use your screwdrivers for the purpose they were intended and
they will serve you well!
Soldering Tools
Most iron tips today are a copper core surrounded by iron, hence the term
‘iron clad’ that is then nickel or chrome plated. Because solder won’t stick to
nickel or chrome the plating on the chisel end of the tip, (where you melt the
solder) is removed to expose the iron cladding. Solder does stick to iron. To
keep the tip from rusting you must keep it coated with a layer of tin, hence
the term tinning. This is why solders used in stained glass are a mixture of
tin and other metals (generally lead).
Make sure you plug the iron into the correct type of outlet with the
proper voltage.
Try not to use an extension cord. If you must, use a heavy duty one.
Regularly check the cord for burns or cracks and have a professional
electrician replace worn cords before using. Make sure that the cord is
not hanging in such a way that it comes under the hot tip or can be
pulled off the work surface and pull the iron with it.
Don’t drop or bang the iron. Ceramic heaters are especially easy to
crack or break.
Occasionally, remove the tip and lightly tap the barrel of wire wound
heater irons to remove debris.
If you will not be using your iron and tips for an extended period of
time, you may want to store it (after it has fully cooled) in a reseal able
bag to protect it from corrosion and humidity.
Using a quality solder will go a long way to keeping your tip working
properly. Impurities in the metals used to make the solder will collect
on the iron tip as you work. This causes the tip to work less
efficiently, degrades the surface, and requires more frequent cleaning.
Keep the tip clean while you work. Have a damp sponge handy to
occasionally wipe your tip on while soldering to remove residues that
collect. A properly cleaned tip is bright and shiny. Keeping the tip
clean is important but constantly wiping it on a wet sponge can cause
early tip failure. Excessive wiping causes the tip temperature to
repeatedly rise and fall (cycle) and the different metal layers in the tip
to repeatedly expand and contract. This leads to metal fatigue and
ultimately tip failure where the copper core bubbles out. There are
brass wool coils that are used like a sponge to wipe the tip off on as
you solder and will not cool the tip.
If your tip becomes blackened and will not come clean after wiping on
a damp sponge or brass pad, you might try a tinning block or a soft
brass brush or brass wool. A tinning block (sal-ammoniac) is used by
placing a small amount of flux on the block and rubbing the tip of
your hot iron in it then wipe the tip on a damp sponge to remove
debris. You may need to repeat this several times if your tip is very
dirty. Once the tip is clean reflush it with a high tin content solder.
Care should be taken as the block is abrasive and excessive use can
wear away the iron cladding, exposing the copper core and make the
tip unusable. You can try brass wool or a soft brass brush as an
alternative.
Avoid the practice of dipping your tip into flux in order to clean it.
Flux is corrosive.
Never use sandpaper or any abrasive material to clean a tip. The best
way to minimize your tip maintenance is to use a good quality solder,
one that has a high tin content and high metal purity.
At the end of a soldering session, wipe the tip clean, flood the tip with
solder (63/37 or 60/40 is best), wipe it again and then unplug the
iron. This will flush and re-tin your tip, protecting it from oxidation
and corrosion.
Splicing Tools
It’s just simple and easy to maintain different Splicing and Wire Cutters
pliers. Just make sure that the toothed jaws are clean and sharp. Greasy or
worn down jaws can result in compromised safety. Such tools also require
increased force to hold the work piece which, in turn, increases the risk of
muscular fatigue and repetitive strain injuries.
Oil pliers and wire cutters regularly. A drop of oil on the hinge will make the
tools easier to use. You can also use WD40 for best result.
Do not use pliers to do another tool’s job. We’re all probably guilty of
using pliers as a hammer at some point, but doing so may lead to
damaging your tools and your work, as well as potentially injuring
yourself.
Never try to use pliers beyond their ability. Trying to bend stiff wire
with light-duty pliers may spring or break them. Stronger, blunt nose
pliers are more suitable for this task. Also, don’t exceed the length of
the pliers’ handles. Larger pliers may be needed if the handles do not
extend as far as the task calls for.
Always cut at right angles, not side to side. By rocking the pliers from
side to side when cutting wire or bending the wire against the cutting
knives, you may dull or nick the cutting edges. If you have trouble
cutting, try sharpening the knives or using pliers with greater
leverage.
Be sure the type of pliers match the application. Unless your pliers are
specifically designed to cut hardened wire, do not use ordinary pliers
to do so.
Oil pliers to maintain life and value. You can lengthen the life of your
tool by occasionally putting a drop of oil at the joint of the pliers. This
will also allow for easy operation.
Cutting Tools
Cutting tools of all types need to be cleaned to remove any bacteria forming,
and remain sharp enough for their intended use. They require special
handling and care, depending on the type of cutting tools and their various
uses.
Wipe the knife clean right after each use. Don't let any stain dry on the
blade. Lay the blade on a flat surface. With a cloth dump into hot, carefully
wipe one side, then flip the knife over and wipe the other side until no
traces of stains is seen. Remember to dry the knife off completely to avoid
rusting or you may use oil wipe onto the blade to prevent it from rusting.
As a precautionary measures for proper usage
Place the item you wish to cut on a flat, stable surface. Be sure the
object will not slip or wobble because that can cause you to lose
control of the knife and cut yourself.
Press the button down on the knife and slide to expose the blade to
your desired length. Always point the knife away from you when you
are exposing the blade. Do not expose more of the blade than
necessary when you are cutting because the pressure on the blade
can cause it to snap.
Stabilize the item you are cutting with your non-cutting hand. Do not
put your hand near the area where you will be using the blade to
avoid cutting yourself. Keep the item you are cutting stable so that the
blade does not slip, causing you to accidentally cut yourself.
Press the button and retract the blade. The blade should not be
exposed when you are not using it.
Testing Devices
An Analog Multimeter Tester as long as it has not been abused it should last
indefinitely. You need to replace the batteries periodically, and before they
leak. Checking calibration against a known accurate meter and making
some adjustments if necessary is a good idea. Just always keep it in a
proper place away from any liquid.