Section 4. Create A Project and Build A Power System Using Digsilent Powerfactory

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Section 4. Create a Project and Build a Power System using DIgSILENT

PowerFactory
Preprint · March 2020

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22953.95849
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Section
4
Create a Project and Build a Power System
By Prof. Gonzalez-Longatt
2020
4.1 Introduction
Modern power system is a very complex structure because of the size (number of components) of them and the non-
linearities inherent to the mathematical model. As a consequence, modern real power systems require the use of very
powerful software to perform power system analysis.
This document is not indented to be a compressive review of the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, in fact, the
software has so many features and trying to cover all of them will be a massive job beyond the scope of this document.
This document presents a simple tutorial that aims to:
(1) To present a very basic overview of the DIgSILENT PowerFactory environment
(2) To set up a very simple power system model in DIgSILENT PowerFactory and conduct a load flow simulation.
The classical well-known P.M Anderson 9-bus system [1] is used for illustrative purposes.
The author would like to clarify this document is just a guide only, the reader must use his/her intuition and
intelligence to set up the network model and conduct the load-flow simulation in the DIgSILENT Power Factory.
Also, this document is no substitute for the tutorial provided by DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The reader is invited to
follow those tutorials before trying this document. To do so, go to PowerFactory environment and select
Help→Tutorial… (see below)
A new window will pop up presenting several PowerFactory Tutorials (see below).
A new user of DIgSILENT PowerFactory will enrich the learning experience by taking reading the PowerFactory
Tutorial “Introduction”, it will give you a compressive and short view of the PowerFactory concepts, etc.
Section 4: Create a Project and Build a Power System
4.2 Power System Data
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright © 2008-2020. http:www.fglongatt.org
The very well-known and popular Western System Coordinated Council (WSCC) 3- machine, 9-bus system is
considered in this document for illustrative purposes.
The WSCC 9-bus test system is also known as P.M Anderson 9-bus, this is because the system took popularity from
the analysis presented in the famous P.M. Anderson book titled “Power System Control and Stability” [2].
The P.M Anderson 9-bus represents a simple approximation of the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) to
an equivalent system with nine buses and three classic synchronous generators. This particular test case also includes
three two-winding transformers, six transmission lines, and three loads.
WSCC system is widely used for the transient stability study. The synchronous machines are equipped with voltage
regulators combined with an exciter and comprehensive model of steam turbine and governors. However, for this
document, the discussion is limited to creating the system to perform static analysis, e.g. load flow and short circuit.
The single-line diagram of the P.M. Anderson 9-bus system and its basic data are shown in Fig. 4.1.
Load C
2 7 100 MW 9 3
T2
35 MVAR T3
Z = 0.0085+j0.072 Z = 0.00119+j0.1008
Y =0+j0.0745 Y =0+j0.01045
8
Z = 0.032+j0.161
230/13.8
G2 18/230
Z = 0.039+j0.17
G3
Y =0+j0.153
Z = j0.0586
Y =0+j0.179
Z = j0.0625
Y =0+j0 Y =0+j0
5 6
Z = 0.017+j0.092
Z = 0.01+j0.085
Load A
Y =0+j0.079
Y =0+j0.088
125 MW Load B
50 MVAR 90 MW
30 MVAR
4
16.5/230
T1 Z = j0.0576
Y =0+j0
G1
Fig. 4.1. Single line diagram of the P.M. Anderson 9-Bus test system. The value of Y is the half the line charging Y = B/2 [3].
This system includes three synchronous generator and three large equivalent loads connected in a meshed
transmission network through transmission lines. The data presented in that figure consist of the series impedance
(Z) and the shunt admittance (Y) presented in per unit (pu) values expressed the same bases. The base MVA is Sbase
= 100, and the rated system frequency is f = 60 Hz.
Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 2 of 24
Assuming the transmission system voltage base is Vbase = 230 kV, it is very simple to calculate the voltage bases in
other zones. The reader must recognise that the voltage levels are 13.8 kV, 16.5 kV, 18 kV, and 230 kV.
The nominal voltage (Vnominal) of the buses and equipment are assumed to be equal to the voltage base (Vbase), as a
consequence, 1.0 per unit represents the nominal voltage of the system.
8
230 kV Load C 9 3
2 7 100 MW 230 kV 13.8 kV
18 kV 230 kV 35 MVAR T3
T2
Z = 0.0085+j0.072 Z = 0.00119+j0.1008
Y =0+j0.0745 Y =0+j0.01045
Z = 0.032+j0.161
230/13.8
G2 18/230
Z = 0.039+j0.17
G3
Y =0+j0.153
Z = j0.0586
Y =0+j0.179
Z = j0.0625
Y =0+j0 Y =0+j0
5 6
230 kV 230 kV
Z = 0.017+j0.092
Z = 0.01+j0.085
Load A
Y =0+j0.079
Y =0+j0.088
125 MW
Load B
50 MVAR 90 MW
30 MVAR
4
230 kV
16.5/230
T1 Z = j0.0576
Y =0+j0
1
16.5
kV
G1
Fig. 4.2. Single line diagram of the P.M. Anderson 9-Bus test system. Nominal voltages are shown.
The series impedance (Z) and admittances (Y) presented in the above single line diagram are expressed in per unit.
The following table shows the branch data in per unit on the bases of Sbase = 100 MVA and Vbase = 230 kV in the
transmission system.
Table 4.1. Impedance (Z=R+jX) and Admittance (Y = B/2) data for the transmission lines (per unit values) and two winding
transformers of the P.M. Anderson 9-Bus Test system. Branch data.
Branch Branch Line
From To
resistance R reactance X charging B
Bus Bus
[pu] [pu] [pu]
1 4 0.00000 0.05760 0.00000
2 7 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000
3 9 0.00000 0.05860 0.00000
4 5 0.01000 0.08500 0.17600
4 6 0.01700 0.09200 0.15800
5 7 0.03200 0.16100 0.30600
6 9 0.03900 0.17000 0.35800
7 8 0.00850 0.07200 0.14900
8 9 0.01190 0.10080 0.20900
Table 4.2. Generation and Demand data of the P.M. Anderson 9-Bus Test system
Bus Bus Final Load Load Generation Generation Voltage
Number type Voltage [p.u] [MW] [MVAr] [MW] [MVAr] Rated [kV]
1 3 1.040 0 0 0 0 16.5
2 2 1.025 0 0 163 0 18.0
3 2 1.025 0 0 85 0 13.8
4 1 1 0 0 0 0 230
5 1 1 125 50 0 0 230
6 1 1 90 30 0 0 230
7 1 1 0 0 0 0 230
8 1 1 100 35 0 0 230
9 1 1 0 0 0 0 230
Bust type: 1: demand (PQ), 2: generation (PV-mode), 3: generation (slack or compensation).

• Bus 1, 2 and 3 are generation.
• Bus 1 is selected as the slack bus with a voltage of |V1| = 1.04 p.u
• Bus 2 and 3 are selected as bus PV type, with a voltage of |V2| =|V3|= 1.025 p.u.
• Bus 5, 6 and 8 are load bus.
The DIgSILENT PowerFactory requires the system data of many pieces of equipment expressed in real units. As a
consequence, the per-unit values of the series impedance and shunt capacitive sustenance of the transmission lines
must be converted into the real unit (Ohms).
Figure 4.3. Illustrative example of the resistance and reactance per longitude unit used by DIgSILENT PowerFactory in the
transmission line data.
The per-unit values of the series impedance (Z) and shunt capacitive susceptance (B) of the transmission lines must
be converted into a real unit (Ohms).
Consider the bases of Sbase = 100 MVA and Vbase = 230 kV in the transmission system.
The impedance base of the system is calculated (Zbase):
2
Vbase
Zbase = (4.1)
Sbase
Substituting the adequate values at the transmission level (Vbase = 230 kV and Sbase = 100 MVA) results:
Zbase
V2
= base =
( 230kV ) = 529 2
(4.2)
Sbase 100 MVA
and the admittance base (Ybase)is calculated as:

1 Sbase 100 MVA
Ybase = = = = 1890.3592−1 (4.3)
Zbase 2
Vbase (230kV ) 2
The series impedance values (Z= R +jX) are converted from the per unit system into real values () by:
Z   = Z  pu  Zbase   (4.4)
Something similar is applied to the admittance (Y):
Y −1  = Z  pu  Zbase −1  (4.5)

   
The series impedance and shunt admittance are calculated, and numerical results are presented in the table below.
Table 4.3. Impedance (Z=R+jX) and Admittance (Y = B/2) data for the transmission lines (real values) of the P.M. Anderson 9-Bus
Test system
Branch Branch Line Branch Branch Line
From To resistance reactance charging Zbase resistance reactance Ybase charging
Bus Bus R X B R X B
[pu] [pu] [pu] [Ohms] [] [] [S] [S]
4 5 0.01 0.085 0.176 529 5.2900 44.9650 1890.3592 332.7032
4 6 0.017 0.092 0.158 529 8.9930 48.6680 1890.3592 298.6767
5 7 0.032 0.161 0.306 529 16.9280 85.1690 1890.3592 578.4499
6 9 0.039 0.17 0.358 529 20.6310 89.9300 1890.3592 676.7486
7 8 0.0085 0.072 0.149 529 4.4965 38.0880 1890.3592 281.6635
8 9 0.0119 0.1008 0.209 529 6.2951 53.3232 1890.3592 395.0851
Table 4.4. Generator parameters of the P.M. Anderson 9-Bus Test system
Reactive
Nominal Active Power
Power Load Power Factor
Apparent Generation
Generation controller pf = cos 
power [MVA] [MW]
[Mvar]
Gen 1 247.5 71.6 27 Reference 0.85
Gen 2 192.0 163.0 6.7 Constant V 0.85
Gen 3 128.0 85.0 -10.9 Constant V 0.85

Remark: DIgSILENT PowerFactory consider the slack bus as constant voltage (magnitude and angle); in this
example, the mode PV is simulated considering the PowerFactory model Constant V.
The Local Controller is defined as “Const. V” is typically used for large synchronous generators at large power stations
which operate in voltage control mode (“PV” mode).
When enabling this option, the generator will control the voltage directly at its terminals. As the basis for the
controlled [pu] value, the rated voltage of the connection terminal is used.
The original data taken from the P.M. Anderson book established the data of the power transformer is per unit system
on the bases of Sbase = 100 MVA and Vbase = 230 kV in the transmission system. However, the author recognises that
using 100 MVA as nominal power of the transformer will create some overload problems in steady-state, as a
consequence, the author defines the rated or nominal apparent power as: ST1 = 250 MVA, ST2 = 200 MVA and ST3 =
150 MVA, as a consequence, the per-unit values presented in Table 4.2 requires to be re-expressed in the new bases.
Considering the bases conversion equation:
2
 Vbase,old kV    Sbase,new  MVA  
Znew  pu  = Zold  pu      (4.6)
 Vbase,new kV    Sbase,old  MVA  
     
For illustrative purposes the new impedance of the transformer T1 is calculated:
2
 230kV   250 
Znew  pu  = 0.05760 pu     (4.7)
 230kV   100 
Znew  pu  = 0.05760 pu  2.5 = 14.4000 pu (4.8)
The same principle is applied to transformer T2 and T3.

Table 4.5. Two Winding Power Transformer parameters
Rated Power Short Circuit
Transformer
(MVA) Voltage uk (%)
T1 250 14.4000
T2 200 12.5000
T3 150 8.7900
4.3 Creating a Project in PowerFactory

Create a new project in the active User folder by, open the File menu on the main menu bar, then select the New
option after that choose Project..., File→Project…
Fig. 4.4. Creating a project: File→New→Project…

A new window must put up to request information about the new project. PowerFactory uses “Project” as the default
name (loc_name). Enter the name of the project as: “P.M. Anderson 9-bus System v1.00''. Click the OK button.

Fig. 4.5. Naming a project (IntPrj): “Anderson 9 Bus Version 1.0”

The name is obligatory, but capitals and spaces are not.
Special characters (e.g. :*?=”,\~|) cannot be used, if you try to use special characters, an error will occur, and ta Error
Message Window will appear.
Also, additional information about the error will be displayed in the output window.
It is a very good practice include additional information about the project. The additional information may be added
using the Description tap.
Fig. 4.6. Adding additional information for the project (IntPrj). Details are shown below.
Illustrative Example: Creating a Project

Created by XXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX
Date: XX/XX/2020
Project version: 1.00
Data taken from
[1] P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability, 2nd ed. New York: IEEE Press, 2003.
[2] P. W. Sauer and M. A. Pai, Power system dynamics and stability. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998

A project needs at least one grid folder in which a power (sub)system is defined. Therefore, a grid folder is created
automatically. A dialog window to introduce the data of the grid pop-up.
When the main data of the project is filled, PowerFactory will request information about the network model that you
will create. “Grid” is the network name (loc_name) by default in PowerFactory. NOTE: The PowerFactory set as
default frequency 50 Hz.
Fig. 4.7. creating a network (ElmNet)

For this tutorial, set the name of the network to “Grid P.M. Anderson''. Set the nominal or rated frequency (frnom) of
the system to f = 60Hz. Left-click the OK button.
Figure 4.8. Defining the network name (loc_name) and the rated frequency (frnom).
4.4 Creating Power System Single-Line Diagram (Drawing)

Before you start drawing your diagram, make sure that the Freeze Mode is not activated. For this, you can click the
icon located at the top left corner of the graphic window. The Freeze Mode is designed to avoid making undesired
modifications to the system by mistake. If Freeze Mode is not active, you should be able to see the drawing toolbar
displayed. The newly created and empty project is shown in the Figure below.
Drawing Tool
Project Overview Graphic Area
Output windos
NOTE: If you want to modify an existing project that is already in your database, you must first activate it. For
this find the icon at the top left corner of your window and click on it. This will open the data manager. In the data
manager, find the project you want to activate (it should be under your user name) and right-click on it. In the drop
down menu that apears, click on activate. Your project should now appear in the graphic window.
NOTE: The Network Model manager ( ) is an effective way to access network data already defined inside a project.
4.4.1 Creating Substations with Single Busbars
There are a lot of predefined busbar system arrangements in PowerFactory, for this example we will use single busbar
systems. There are a lot of predefined busbar system arrangements in PowerFactory, for example single busbar
systems, single busbar systems with a tie breaker, double busbar systems, double busbar systems with a tie-breaker
and bypass busbar, and so on.

Single busbar system
Double busbar system

with a tie breaker and
bypass busbar
Use the balloon help to find the “Busbar” icon ( ).
The cursor will show the single busbar icon after the icon has been pressed.
Use the background pattern to position the first busbar by left-clicking on the drawing surface. A busbar will be drawn
(in black) and is given a default name (loc_name) like "Terminal". Hereby "Terminal" (Elmterm) is the name of the
busbar.
NOTE: Once you are done placing your busbars/terminal, right-click anywhere on the graphic window
or in your ‘esc’ key before you carry out any other action. If you need to move a busbar to another location,
first select it by clicking on it and then drag it with the mouse. If you want to rotate an element, right-click on it and
go to Rotate.
The nine buses needed in the P.M. Anderson test system are placed as defined in the network.

If needed, the busbar attributes may be changed using a context menu using the right button of the mouse.
Now, the system must look like the presented below.
Figure 4.9. Single line diagram showing the 9 buses.
4.4.2 Creating Branch Elements

The terminals (busbars) of the substations are to be connected with transformers or transmission lines.
Let us install the transmission lines, to do so, just find the element transmission line (ElmLne) icon , when selected,
the icon will show the transmission line at the cursor.
Now, you are able to make the connection by clicking at the terminal buses. For illustrative purposes, the transmission
line between bus 7 and 8 are presented.
A click at the second bus will connect the line automatically.

Repeat the process until completing the installation of the six transmission lines.
A similar procedure is followed for the power transformers.
Select the icon of the two winding, power transformer (ElmTr2) , when selected; the icon will show the transformer
icon at the cursor.
Now, you are able to make the connection by clicking at the terminal buses. For illustrative purposes, the two winding
power transformer between bus 1 and 4 is presented.
A click at the second bus will connect the transformer automatically.
Repeat the process until completing the installation of the three two winding power transformers.

The system has six transmission lines and three transformers. A total of nine branches.
4.4.3 Creating Single Port Elements
Single port elements are power system elements which are connected to one terminal only: generators, motor, loads,
external grids, etc.
The grid has three synchronous machines and three loads. This network has three general loads.
To install a static load, select the icon of the “general load (ElmLod) , when selected, the icon will show the load icon
at the cursor.
Now, you are able to make the connection of the load to the bus by clicking at the terminal bus.
Repeat the process until completing the installation of the three loads.
To install a classical synchronous machine (SM), select the icon of the synchronous machine (ElmSym) at the
drawing tool when selected, the icon will show the synchronous machine icon at the cursor.
Now, you are able to make the connection of the synchronous machine to the bus by clicking at the terminal bus.

Repeat the process until completing the installation of the three synchronous machines.
The reader can see the colour of the elements is black right now. The previous colour of the components was grey as
the elements were De-energised. However, when a synchronous machine is connected, the colour of the devices change
to black, indicating the devices might be energised.
The reader must be aware that at this stage, the network model is only a graphic object containing the information
about the electrical connections, but there is no information about the model parameter. The inclusion of the model
parameter for each device is discussed in the next subsections.
4.5 Defining models and entering model data

The DIgSILENT PowerFactory program allows the creation of a new power system (parts of new power systems)
designs by creating all components in two easy.
(i) Textual database environment called 'Data Manager’ , this is not explained in this document.
(ii) Using the graphic environment. Manually connecting them to define the topology. The single line graphics
are used to create new power system components and to insert them into the topological network. The
power system database and its single line graphic are built together in one action.
Textual database environment called 'Data Manager’, . This way is a bit more complex but suitable to create a large
power system and insert components into a large power system built ready.
As it is, the single-line diagram cannot be used for any type of simulation because the elements in it are not associated
with a model. Follow the next steps to define the data parameter of the device models.
4.5.1 Editing a single port element (Terminals -ElmTerm - and Substations -ElmSubstat)
Editioning any element in the graphic windows is extremely simple, you just need to double-click the object, and a
dialog window will open.
4.5.1.1 Terminals (ElmTerm)

For illustrative purposes, the parameter of one of the terminals in the P.M. Anderson test system is edited. For
instance, editing data of element (ElmTerm) Bus 1 to include the correct data is simple. To edit the parameters double
click on the bar 1, please complete the appropriate name (loc_name) and the rated voltage (uknom) 16 kV based on
the data presented in Table 4.1.

Name: Bus
1
Rated voltage: 16.5 kV (AC,

rms, line to line)
Fig. 4.10. Editing busbar parameters (name and nominal voltage).

The reader must be able to complete the parameters of all terminals in the P.M. Anderson 9-bus system repeating the
produce above explained and completed the data system, as shown in the single line diagram.
4.5.2 Editing Two-Port Elements

DIgSILENT PowerFactory included several electrical components that they are described as two-port elements as: 2-
winding transformers, lines.
The way to edit those kinds of elements is straightforward.
Editioning any element in the graphic windows is extremely simple, you just need to double click the object, and a
dialog windows will open.
4.5.2.1 Two Winding Power Transformers (ElmTerm)

For illustrative purposes, the parameter of one of the three winding power transformers in the P.M. Anderson test
system is edited.
For instance, editing data of element (ElmTr2) Transformer in order to include the appropriate name “T1” to include
the right data is simple. To edit the parameters double click transformer object connected to buses 1 and 4. Double
click the transformer to open its dialogue. Parameterising transformer “T1” is shown below and it can be done to the
other two winding transformer presents in the P.M. Anderson test system.
Name: T1
230/16.5
At this moment, the transformer element (ElmTr2) is not requiring more data. However, the reader must understand
that several electrical components inside DIgSILENT PowerFactory require full details data of the model by adding
a “Type” object to the “Element” object.
All transformer element (ElmTr2) require a transformer type (TypTr2), it is very simple to create a new type, to do
so, select, ‘Type’ and then ‘New Project Type’. To edit the transformer T1.
Select ‘New
Project Type’

A dialog window will pop up in order to complete the data of the transformer type (TypTr2). Complete the transformer
model electrical parameter following the data provided in Table 4.5.
250 MVA
MVA
60Hz
230 kV
16.5 kV
X= 14.4% =0.144
Fig. 4.11. Set the parameter of the new type of transformer (TypTr2).
The reader must be able to complete the data at the other two transformers.
Now, the data and electrical parameter of the overhead transmission lines in the P.M. Anderson test system must be
completed. Editing the data and parameter of the transmission lines is extremely simple, as any other component,
double click on the graphic object at the dialog box will appear.
4.5.2.2 Transmission Lines (ElmLne)
All transmission lines elements (ElmLne) in the network require a transmission line type (TypLne), it is
straightforward to create a new type, to do son, select, ‘Type’ and then ‘New Project Type’.
To edit the transmission line 4-5, double click the transmission line to open its dialogue. The length of the lines (dline)
in this project is 1.0 km, but it should be set according to the given length. To create a new type, to do son, select,
‘Type’ and then ‘New Project Type’ and then ‘Line Type (TypLne).
230 kV
X = 44.965 /km R = 5.29 /km
Figure 4.12. Set the parameter of the new type of line

To set the capacitive susceptance (B’), click the load flow or simulation ‘Load Flow’ tap in the second dialogue opened.
B = 332.7032 -1/km
Figure 4.13. Set capacitive suceptance (B).

The reader must be able to see if the introduced values are correct at the Basic Data tap of the element.

4.5.3 Editing Single Port Elements

DIgSILENT PowerFactory has some single port elements such as: general loads, synchronous machines, asynchronous
machines, etc. The way to edit this element is simply, the same method used in the previous subsections for two-port
elements, you just need to just double click the element to open its dialogue windows.
4.5.3.1 General Loads (ElmLod)
For illustrative purposes, the data and electrical parameters of the Load 1 are introduced. To do so, just double click
at the load connected at Bus 5 to open its dialogue window.
Now, the name of the load is introduced.
Name: Load A
Fig. 4.14. Set the new load type

Now, the power demand (active and reactive power, P and Q, respectively) of the load must be defined. To do so, go to
the tab labelled “Load Flow”. For the case of Load 1, active power (plini) is 125 MW, and the reactive power (qlini) is
50 Mvar.
P = 125 MW
Q= 50 Mvar
Figure 4.15. Set the load parameters

The reader must be able to complete the data of the other two loads.

Load B
P = 90 MW
Q= 30 Mvar
Load C
P = 100 MW
Q= 35 Mvar
4.5.3.2 Synchronous Machines (ElmSym)
To edit the synchronous machine and add the data of the Generator 1 (Gen 1), double click the generator connected
to Bus 1 to open its dialogue.
G1
Hydro
Figure 4.16. Set up generator G1 (ElmSym) parameters

In a system one generator should set as “Reference Machine”. To set G1 as reference go to the ‘Load Flow’ Tap, set
up the voltage as
Reference
machine
V1 = 1.040
Fig. 4.17. Set Reference Machine active and reactive power flow
The active and reactive power limits of the generator can be defined by considering the capability curve tap.

Fig. 4.18. Capability curve of generator 1

All synchronous machines elements (ElmSym) in the network require a synchronous machine type (TypSym), it is
very simple to create a new type, to do son, select, ‘Type’ and then ‘New Project Type’. Then, select
New Project Type
Then complete data of the synchronous machine type (TypSym),
G1
247.5 MVA
126.5 kVA
The reader must be able to complete the data of the other two generators,
Pf = 1.01 G2 and G3, respectively.

By default, the busbar is horizontal. If you want to make it vertical, right-click in the busbar you will get rotate option,
the choice the counter-clockwise. The result box and the name should rotate similarly.
Figure 4.19. Rotate the result box and the name
4.6 Performing a Load Flow (ComLdf)

A load flow calculation may be started from the main menu, ‘Calculation → Load flow...’
Fig. 4.20. Menu showing access to the Load flow calculation (ComLdf)
Another way is clicking on the Load Flow icon ( ) on the main toolbar.
Both ways will bring the load flow command (ComLdf) dialogue to the front.
Fig. 4.21. Load flow command (ComLdf) dialogue

For this load flow example, check that the following options are set as shown in Fig. 4.21:
• Calculation Method = AC Load Flow, balanced, positive sequence.
• Disable all other options on the basic options page.
Press the EXECUTE button.
A load flow calculation is now started. If the tutorial power system was entered correctly, the following message should
appear in the output window in Figure 4.22.

Figure 4.22. Output window for load flow calculation

The single line graph shows the results of the load flow in the result boxes, as is depicted in Figure 4.23.
Figure 4.23. Result of load flow calculation
The balloon text help which appears if the cursor is held still over a result box is also shown. Especially when a larger
part of a power system is viewed, the result boxes may become hard to read. The balloon help may then be used to
view the results.
Fig. 4.24. Read from result box
4.7 Reporting Numerical Results

A load flow report may be shown from the main menu, ‘Output →Load flow/output calculation Analysis...’, or click
directly in this icon

Figure 4.25. Show load flow report (ComSh)

The output results window will be opened. The command ComSh ("Output of Results'') is used to produce an output
of calculation results. The output can be used in reports or may help in interpreting the results. Several different
reports, depending on the actual calculation, can be created. The radio button on the upper left displays the different
reports possible for the active calculation
Fig. 4.26. Output results window selects Busbar/Terminals
Results of the load flow simulation for busbar/terminals will appear in the ‘output window’.
Maximum acceptable error in load flow
Fig. 4.27. Results of the load flow simulation for busbar/ terminals
Results of the load flow simulation for busbar/terminals.
Fig. 4.28. Results of the load flow simulation for busbar/terminals 1,2,3

Results of load flow for ‘Total System Summary’.
Fig. 4.29. Output results window ‘Total System Summary.
Fig. 4.30. Output Results Total System Summary
A complete report may be displayed.
Fig. 4.31. To display a complete report.

4.8 References
[1] P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power system control and stability, Second. United States: Jhon Wiley and Sons,
2003.
[2] P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability, 2nd ed. New York: IEEE Press, 2003.
[3] P. W. Sauer and M. A. Pai, Power system dynamics and stability. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.
4.9 Additional Resources

The reader must find handy additional documentation, website and places to learn more about DIgSILENT
PowerFactory
Additional Resources of DIgSILENT PowerFactory
DIgSILENT PowerFactory Users Group in Facebook (Prof FGL is the administrator) (Links to an external site.)
DIgSILENT PowerFactory:
https://www.digsilent.de/en/faq-powerfactory.html (Links to an external site.)
DIgSILENT PowerFactory YouTube Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYeemWgz7t69zcdr9ruzFSQ (Links to an external site.)
FGL, Some slides:
http://fglongatt.org/OLD/Tutorial_DigSilent_EN.html (Links to an external site.)
Mattia Marinelli YouTube Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMLdO7YSlDbdFWUIxJsav3Q (Links to an external site.)
Presentation: Let us talk about power system analysis using DIgSILENT PowerFactory (Download from FGL
Research Gate)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336604970_Let_us_talk_about_Power_System_analysis_using_DIgSILEN
T_PowerFactory (Links to an external site.)
4.10 Repositories
Email: fglongatt@fglongatt.org
GitHub (Project repository)
https://github.com/fglongatt
ResearchGate (Project repository)
https://www.researchgate.net/project/My-documents-of-DIgSILENT-PowerFactory
DOI:
Document History
Version Responsible Action Date
0.0 Prof. FGL Creations 0.1.01.2005
1.0 Mr Okbe Kifle Habte Improvements 02.03.2020
2.0 Prof. FGL Improvement v 2020 06.03.2020

The documents are created by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt and contain copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights
reserved. No part of the documents may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including
photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written permission of Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. The use of these
documents by you, or anyone else authorised by you, is prohibited unless specifically permitted by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. You may not alter or
remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents. The documents are provided “as is”, and Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt shall not
have any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the results of the use of the documents by you.
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Section 4. Create a Project and Build a Power System using DIgSILENT

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Research on Real time View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

4.2 Power System Data

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 3 of 24

and the admittance base (Ybase)is calculated as:

Something similar is applied to the admittance (Y):

Y −1  = Z  pu  Zbase −1  (4.5)

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 4 of 24

The same principle is applied to transformer T2 and T3.

4.3 Creating a Project in PowerFactory

Fig. 4.4. Creating a project: File→New→Project…

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 5 of 24

Fig. 4.5. Naming a project (IntPrj): “Anderson 9 Bus Version 1.0”

Illustrative Example: Creating a Project

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 6 of 24

Fig. 4.7. creating a network (ElmNet)

4.4 Creating Power System Single-Line Diagram (Drawing)

Project Overview Graphic Area

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 7 of 24

Single busbar system

Double busbar system

Use the balloon help to find the “Busbar” icon ( ).

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 8 of 24

Now, the system must look like the presented below.

4.4.2 Creating Branch Elements

A click at the second bus will connect the line automatically.

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 9 of 24

A click at the second bus will connect the transformer automatically.

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 10 of 24

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 11 of 24

4.5 Defining models and entering model data

4.5.1.1 Terminals (ElmTerm)

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 12 of 24

Rated voltage: 16.5 kV (AC,

Fig. 4.10. Editing busbar parameters (name and nominal voltage).

4.5.2 Editing Two-Port Elements

4.5.2.1 Two Winding Power Transformers (ElmTerm)

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 13 of 24

X = 44.965 /km R = 5.29 /km

Figure 4.12. Set the parameter of the new type of line

Figure 4.13. Set capacitive suceptance (B).

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 15 of 24

4.5.3 Editing Single Port Elements

4.5.3.1 General Loads (ElmLod)

Now, the name of the load is introduced.

Fig. 4.14. Set the new load type

Figure 4.15. Set the load parameters

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 16 of 24

Figure 4.16. Set up generator G1 (ElmSym) parameters

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 17 of 24

Fig. 4.18. Capability curve of generator 1

New Project Type

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 18 of 24

Figure 4.19. Rotate the result box and the name

4.6 Performing a Load Flow (ComLdf)

Fig. 4.21. Load flow command (ComLdf) dialogue

Prof. F Gonzalez-Longatt 4. Creating a Project v5.docx Page 19 of 24

Figure 4.22. Output window for load flow calculation

Fig. 4.24. Read from result box

4.7 Reporting Numerical Results