3 STRY LOW RISE Manual PDF

XSTRUCTURES ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS ENGR.
JOHN PAUL DELA ROSA
DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 1 of 150

XSTRUCTURES ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS ENGR. JOHN PAUL DELA ROSA
STAAD.Pro CONNECT Edition
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1 – STAAD.PRO SETTINGS
1.0 SOME OF THE IMPORTANT SETTINGS, TOOLS AND COMMANDS THAT USERS SHOULD REMEMBER WHEN DOING
DESIGN WITH STAAD.PRO
1.1 UNITS, GLOBAL AXIS AND INTERFACE SETUP
1.2 GLOBAL AXIS ORIENTATION
1.3 STAAD.PRO LOCAL AXIS ORIENTATION
1.4 SPACE BAR QUICK COMMANDS
1.5 SELECT CURSOR
1.6 VIEW TOOLS
1.7 VIEW SELECTED OBJECTS ONLY
1.8 COMMAND FILE EDITOR
1.9 STAAD OUTPUT FILE
1.10 START PAGE SETUP
PART 2 AND 3 – PROJECT OVERVIEW AND BUILDING LOADS
2.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW
3.0 BUILDING LOADS
3.1 DEAD LOADS

3.2 LIVE LOADS
3.3 WIND LOADS
3.3.1 WIND LOAD CALCULATION FOR COMPONENTS AND CLADDING (C&CS) FOR PURLIN DESIGN
3.3.2 WIND LOAD CALCULATION FOR COMPONENTS AND CLADDING (C&CS) FOR TRUSS DESIGN
3.3.3 WIND LOAD CALCULATION FOR MAIN WIND-FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM (MWFRS) FOR
BUILDING FRAME ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.4 SEISMIC LOADS
3.5 COMPARING WIND SHEAR FORCES TO SEISMIC SHEAR FORCES
3.6 PRIMARY LOAD CASE AND LOAD COMBINATIONS
3.7 LOAD ENVELOPES
PART 4 – ROOF FRAMING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO
4.1 PURLIN DESIGN

4.2 TRUSS DESIGN
PART 5 – STRUCTURE MODELING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO
5.1 CREATING THE 3D MODEL

5.2 APPLYING SECTION PROPERTIES
5.3 DEFINING NODE AND MEMBER SPECIFICATIONS
5.3.1 RIGID DIAPHRAGMS
5.3.2 SECTION CRACKED FACTORS
5.4 MODEL MANAGEMENT
5.5 LOAD APPLICATIONS
5.5.1 SEISMIC LOADS
5.5.2 DEAD LOADS
5.5.3 LIVE LOADS
5.6 PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS AND OUTPUT REVIEW AND INTERPRETATIONS
5.7 COMPARING WIND SHEAR AND SEISMIC SHEAR
5.8 LOAD COMBINATIONS
5.9 LOAD ENVELOPES
5.10 DRIFT CHECK FOR SEISMIC LOADS
5.11 RUNNING THE FINAL ANALYSIS

PART 6 – REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN USING SACD RCDC
6.1 BEAM DESIGN IN SACD RCDC (DUCTILE DESIGN – SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME)
6.2 COLUMN DESIGN IN SACD RCDC (DUCTILE DESIGN – SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME)
6.3 SLAB DESIGN
6.4 FOOTING DESIGN
6.5 SLAB ON GRADE DESIGN
PART 7 – REFERENCES

PART 1 – STAAD.PRO SETTINGS

1. SOME OF THE IMPORTANT SETTINGS, TOOLS AND COMMANDS THAT USERS SHOULD
REMEMBER WHEN USING STAAD.PRO
1.1 UNITS, GLOBAL AXIS AND INTERFACE SETUP
The setting below will be used on the whole course of this training.
1.2 STAAD.PRO GLOBAL AXIS ORIENTATION (Open STAAD model file STAADRC8.std)
The default orientation of the global coordinate system is that the Y axis points in the vertical
direction, and a plan view is represented by the XZ plane.
This coordinate system orientation may be different than that used in some CAD programs. To
address this, STAAD.Pro provides an option called Set Z Up. This option may be used in situations
where model geometry is being imported from a CAD file where the Z axis has been oriented
vertically. However, be aware that the use of the Set Z Up option will eliminate the ability to use
some other functions in the program, such as the wind load generator.

1.3 STAAD.PRO LOCAL AXES ORIENTATION

Local axis system for various cross sections

1.4 THE SPACE BAR QUICK COMMANDS
The space bar quick commands will help the user to access the most used commands throughout
the structure modeling, analysis and design. A user can customize the commands that he/she wants
to include in the space bar quick commands.
Below is the author’s preference included commands for his space bar quick commands. We will
use this on the entire training.

1.5 SELECT CURSOR
Different cursors are available for selecting the various types of STAAD.Pro entities. Each cursor
selects specific types of objects for editing or manipulation. Having specific cursors can be very
convenient when assigning properties where various types of entities are crowded together.
1.6 VIEW TOOLS – to easily manipulate and control views

1.7 VIEW SELECTED OBJECTS ONLY TOOL - to isolate selected objects
1.8 COMMAND FILE EDITOR
When structure geometry is created in the graphical user interface, STAAD.Pro automatically
converts your actions into a command language and stores them in a command file, a simple text
file in ASCII format.
As you become more experienced in using STAAD.Pro, you may find that it is easier to make a quick
changes to certain values or design parameters in the command file editor rather than adjusting
the model in the graphical user interface.

1.9 STAAD OUTPUT FILE
During the analysis process, STAAD.Pro creates an Output file. This file provides important
information on whether the analysis was performed properly.
For example, if STAAD.Pro encounters an instability problem during the analysis process, it will be
reported in the output file.

2. PROJECT OVERVIEW
Project Name : Multi-Purpose Reinforced-Concrete Building Structure (3 Storey)

Location : Intramuros Manila (around 10.1 km from known seismic fault)
Occupancy : III – Special Occupancy structures
Category
Floor System : solid slab supported by beams
Building Lateral : Special Moment Frame
Frame
Foundation System : Isolated Footing
Floor Plans and Elevations are shown below:




PART 2 AND 3 – PROJECT OVERVIEW

AND BUILDING LOADS

3. BUILDING LOADS
3.1 Dead Loads
The dead loads used in this project were determined by referencing various standards and
textbooks to find the corresponding values for their weights. Approximate values were assumed
when ranges were listed depending on how dense the layouts were and the author’s personal
preference as well as considering the life history and usage of the building.
For DL1 Reference Load
- Selfweight (reinforced-concrete at 25 kN/m3)

- 3.75 kN/m2 floor load for un-modelled 150 mm thick slab
3.75 kN/m2 is calculated from 150 mm slab thickness multiply by the concrete density 25 kN/m3
So, 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 kN/m2
For DL2 Reference Load
- Floor loads
- Member Loads
- 8.64 kN/m member load, this came from 4” (100mm) CHB load
2.5 + 0.24*2 (plastered both sides) = 2.98 kN/m2
Height of 4” CHB = 3.6m(story height) – 0.7m (beam depth) = 2.9 m
So member load = 2.98 x 2.9 = 8.64 kN/m
Height of 4” CHB = 6.0 m(story height) – 0.70m (beam depth) = 5.3 m
Height of 4” CHB = 6.0 m(story height) – 1.4m (truss depth) = 4.6 m * ½ (to consider triangular
load)
- Stair loads = 0.2 x 25 kN/m3 x 5.3m / 2 = 13.25 kN/m
- Point Loads (from truss analysis)
27.31 kN as per separate STAAD.Pro analysis,

Say 28.00 kN

3.2 Live Load
The live loads used in this project were calculated in accordance with NSCP 2015 and ASCE 7-16.
3.3 Wind Load
Wind loads were calculated in accordance with NSCP 2015, Chapter 2. The simplified method was
used to calculate wind loads for Main Wind-Force Resisting System (MWFRS) and Components and
Cladding (C&C).
In order to use the simplified procedure, all conditions of Section 207C.6.2 of the NSCP 2015 must
be satisfied:
1. It is a simple diaphragm building.
2. The mean roof height h is less than 18 m and does not exceed the least
horizontal dimension.
3. Since the building has debris-resistant cladding which are CHB and no dominant opening in any
one wall, it can be classified as an enclosed building.
4. It has a regular shape.
5. It is a rigid building because it meets the definition of low-rise building; as per STAAD analysis
T < 1.0s, hence rigid structure
Flexible structure has T > 1.0 seconds
6. There is no expansion joint.
7. It has an approximately symmetrical cross section in each direction with either a flat roof or a
gable or hip roof with roof slope < 45deg.
8. The building is exempted from torsional load cases as indicated in Note 5 of Fig. 207C.4-1.
Therefore, wind pressures for both the MWFRS and C&C can be used on the design using the
simplified method.

The project is categorized as Exposure B due to its urban setting and location in Intramuros Manila.
The basic wind speed was found to be 250 kph per Figure 207A.5-1A in NSCP 2015.
Wind pressure diagrams of were drawn of the final forces acting on the building. Wind forces for
MWFRS and C&C were calculated by hand and then applied to STAAD.Pro 2D and 3D model. These
diagrams and calculations can be found on succeeding pages of this book.
Structure Data
Location : Intramuros Manila
Basic Wind Speed : 250 Kph
Risk Category : III
Terrain : Suburban Area (Exposure B)
Building Dimensions : 22.5 m x 42 m in plan

Eave height : 13.2 m
Ridge height / Apex : 9.2 m
Roof mean height : 16.2 m
Roof slope : 25.20°
Building Framing : Special Concentric and Eccentric Braced (X – direction)

: Special Moment Frame (Z – direction)
Roof Framing
Truss Spacing : 3.75 m and 3.0 m
Purlins Spacing : 0.8m (typical), 0.6m on Zone 2 and 3
Roofing sheet : conventional spandek sheets with foam insulation


Calculation of width of pressure coefficient zone (a)
a: 10 percent of least horizontal dimension or 0.4h, whichever is smaller, but not less than either
4% of least horizontal dimension or 3 ft (0.9 m).
smaller of a = 0.1(22.5 m) = 2.25 m (governs)

or a = 0.4(16.2 m) = 6.48 m
but not less than 0.04(22.5) = 0.9 m
or a = 0.9m
Wind Pressure diagram for Wind Load Calculation for C&C

Wind Pressure diagram for Wind Load Calculation for MWFRS

Case A (Case 1) – wind blows normal to ridge
Case B (Case 2) – wind blows parallel to ridge

Calculation of adjustment factor for building height and exposure,
Roof mean height : 16.2 m
λ is calculated using interpolation = 1.19

3.3.1 Wind Load Calculation for Components and Cladding (C&Cs) for Purlin Design
Net Pressure Calculation
Pnet = l Kzt pnet9 (207E.5-1)
Where
λ adjustment factor for building height and exposure from Fig. 207E.5-1
Kzt topographic factor as defined in Section 26.8 evaluated at 0.33 mean roof
height, 0.33h
Pnet9 net design wind pressure for Exposure B, at h = 9 m, from Fig. 207E.5-1
Minimum Design Wind Pressures: the design wind pressure for C&C shall not be less than a net
pressure (including internal pressures) of 0.77 KN/m2 acting in either direction normal to the
surface
Purlins design involving Zone 1 and Zone 2 wind, use purlin spacing = 0.8 m
Calculate purlins effective area,
L = 3.0m (least purlin span or truss spacing), smaller space considered between 3.0 m and 3.75
m
W = 0.8m or not smaller than 1/3 of span, 3.0m / 3 = 1.0 m, 1.0 m governs
Purlin effective area = 3.0 x 1.0 = 3.0 m2


Purlin Design
Dead Load Selfweight (automated by STAAD.Pro)

Roofing sheet = 0.05 kN/m2
Insulation sheet = 0.05 KN/m2
Total = 0.10 KN/m2
Input to STAAD.Pro = 0.10 KN/m2 x purlin spacing = 0.10 x 0.8 = 0.08 KN/m
Live Load Roof live load = 0.6 kN/m2
Input to STAAD.Pro = 0.60 KN/m2 x purlin spacing = 0.60 x 0.8 = 0.48 KN/m
Wind Load (see tables)
Below are the primary load cases and load combinations will be used in the purlin design

Below are the available channel sections can be used in the purlin design.
We will use 8in x 3in x 2.3MM, so
CH 200 x 75 x 2.3 mm (A36 steel), fy = 248 N/mm2
Deflection limits (from IBC 2012)
See instructional video for STAAD.Pro modeling, analysis and design of purlins
(Open STAAD model file 2-Purlin.std)

3.3.2 Wind Load Calculation for Components and Cladding (C&Cs) for Truss Design
Pnet = l Kzt pnet9 (207E.5-1)
Where
λ adjustment factor for building height and exposure from Fig. 207E.5-1
Kzt topographic factor as defined in Section 26.8 evaluated at 0.33 mean roof
height, 0.33h
Pnet9 net design wind pressure for Exposure B, at h = 9 m, from Fig. 207E.5-1
Minimum Design Wind Pressures: the design wind pressure for C&C shall not be less than a net
pressure (including internal pressures) of 0.77 KN/m2 acting in either direction normal to the
surface
Truss design involving Zone 1 and Zone 2 wind, use truss spacing = 3.75 m
Calculate truss effective area,
L = 22.5 m + 1.5 m (overhang length) x 2 = 25.5 m
W = 3.75 m or not smaller than 1/3 of span, 22.5 m / 3 = 7.5 m, 3.75 m governs
Purlin effective area = 25.5 + 3.75 = 95.63 m2



Truss Design
Dead Load Selfweight (automated by STAAD.Pro)

Roofing sheet = 0.05 kN/m2
Insulation sheet = 0.05 KN/m2
Purlins = 0.10 KN/m2
Total = 0.20 KN/m2 (top chord load)
MEP = 0.15 KN/m2 (bottom chord load)

*MEP = mechanical, electrical and plumbing
Input to STAAD.Pro = 0.20 KN/m2 x max truss spacing = 0.2 x 3.75 = 0.75 KN/m (top chord load)
Input to STAAD.Pro = 0.15 KN/m2 x max truss spacing = 0.15 x 3.75 = 0.56 KN/m (bottom chord load)
Live Load Roof live load = 0.6 kN/m2 (top chord load)
Input to STAAD.Pro = 0.60 KN/m2 x purlin spacing = 0.6 X 3.75 = 2.25 KN/m (top chord load)
Wind Load (see tables)
Below are the primary load cases and load combinations will be used in the truss design

Deflection limits (from IBC 2012)
Steel sections will be used in the design
Below are the available angle sections can be used in the truss design.
We will use L100x100x8mm and L100x100x6mm, so
2L 100 x 100 x 8 mm (double angle) (A36 steel), fy = 248 N/mm2 , for bottom cord and top chord
L 100 x 100 x 6 mm (single angle) (A36 steel), fy = 248 N/mm2 , for web and girts (intermediate trusses)
See instructional video for STAAD modeling, analysis and design of truss
(Open STAAD model file 3-Truss.std)

3.3.3 Wind Load Calculation for Main Wind-Force Resisting System (MWFRS) for building frame
analysis and design
In this section we will calculate the structure wind shears. These building shears will be then
compared to seismic shears to determine if these are needed to be included in the global analysis.
Pnet = l Kzt ps30 (207C.6-1)
Where
λ adjustment factor for building height and exposure from Fig. 207C.6-1
Kzt topographic factor as defined in Section 207A.8 evaluated at mean roof height, h
ps30 simplified design wind pressure for Exposure B, at h = 30 ft (9.1 m) from Fig. 207C.6-1
The load effects of the design wind pressures from Section 207C.6.3 shall not be less than a minimum
load defined by assuming the pressures, ps, for zones A and C equal to +766 N/m2, Zones B and D
equal to +383 N/m2, while assuming ps for Zones E, F, G, and H are equal to 0 N/m2.
Wind Pressure diagram for Wind Load Calculation for MWFRS

a = 2.25 m
2a = 4.5 m


Determine wind pressure using tables,
Ps = l Kzt ps30 (207C.6-1)
The load effects of the design wind pressures from Section 207C.6.3 shall not be less than a minimum
load defined by assuming the pressures, ps, for zones A and C equal to +766 N/m2, Zones B and D
equal to +383 N/m2, while assuming ps for Zones E, F, G, and H are equal to 0 N/m2.
Final wind pressure input considering minimum wind pressure
*Values on colored cells are minimum values set by NSCP 2015



3.4 Seismic Load

The seismic loads were calculated in accordance with section 1630.2 Static Force Procedure of
UBC 1997 and 208.5.2 of NSCP 2015.
Notes on primary loads and combinations involving seismic load:

 Seismic load has vertical and orthogonal effects (100% + 30%) as recommended by
UBC 97 (1633.1) and NSCP 2015 (208.7.1)
 Reliability/Redundancy Factor (r) = 1.0, for regular framing
 E = r Eh + Ev is used to account for seismic vertical effects
 Ev = 0.5 Ca I, Ca = 0.44,
 Na = 1.0 and Nv = 1.2, since the structure is 10.1 km from the nearest seismic source
Seismic parameters
 Z = 0.4
 I = 1.0
 Rx = 8.5 (Concrete Special Moment Resisting Frame)
 Rz = 8.5 (Concrete Special Moment Resisting Frame)
 Ct = 0.0731
 Soil = D (D is assumed as soil report is not available)
 Na = 1.0
 Nv = 1.2

Plotted distance of the proposed structure from nearest fault line.

For more information you may visit this website, http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/





3.4.1 Seismic Shear Calculation from STAAD.Pro Analysis

(See Section 5.6.2 for detailed calculation)
Base Shear Output from STAAD.Pro analysis
Story Shears Output from STAAD.Pro analysis

3.5 COMPARING WIND SHEAR FORCES TO SEISMIC SHEAR FORCES
In this section we will compare the structure’s wind shear to seismic shear results from our hand
calculations and STAAD.Pro analysis.
Considering Z-direction, analysis and calculation shows that MWFRS wind story force on Roof Beam
is higher than the corresponding seismic load on that same level. In this case, wind forces on z-
direction need to be considered in the global analysis. MWFRS wind forces on x-direction can be
ignored and no need to include in the global analysis.

3.6 PRIMARY LOAD CASE AND LOAD COMBINATIONS
The seismic loads were calculated in accordance with section 1630.2 Static Force Procedure of
UBC 1997 and 208.5.2 of NSCP 2015.

 Seismic load has vertical and orthogonal effects (100% + 30%) as recommended by
UBC 97 (1633.1) and NSCP 2015 (208.7.1)
 Ev = 0.5 Ca I, Ca = 0.44,
 Na = 1.0 and Nv = 1.2, since the structure is 10km from the seismic source
 For TABLE 1 combination see UBC 97 (1612.2.1 and 1633.1) or NSCP 2015 (203.3.1 and
208.7.1)
 For TABLE 2 combination see UBC 97 (1630.9.1 and 1612.2.1) or NSCP 2015 (208.6.4.1)
 For TABLE 4 combination see UBC 97 (1612.3.1) or NSCP 2015 (203.4.1)


3.7 LOAD ENVELOPES
A user is able to define multiple load envelopes each consisting of groups of predefined load cases.
These envelopes can latter be used for post-processing. For example post analysis results may be viewed
for a selected load envelope. As far as the STAAD engine is concerned, ENVELOP command will
translate in to a LOAD LIST command.
LC 101 – 127 Strength

LC 201 – 216 Serviceability
LC 301 – 311 Serviceability
LC 401 – 411 Strength

PART 4 – ROOF FRAMING ANALYSIS AND

DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO

PART 4 – ROOF FRAMING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO
4.1 PURLIN DESIGN
STAAD files:
(Create STAAD model file Purlin Design.std)
(Final STAAD model file 1-Purlin.std)
Geometry


Properties and beta angle, beta angle = 25.2 deg

Supports

Load Cases Arrangement and Load Combinations

Dead Load – DL1

Roof Live Load – LLR1

Wind Load – WL1 (direct pressure)

Wind Load – WL2 (uplift pressure)

Steel Design parameters

Utilization Ratio, max utility ratio = 0.994 < 1.0, hence SAFE

Deflection check for wind load,

Max allowable deflection = L/180 for members not supporting ceiling

Deflection check for live load,


Deflection check for dead + live load,


4.2 TRUSS DESIGN
STAAD files:
(Create STAAD model file Truss Design.std)
(Final STAAD model file 3-Truss.std)
Geometry

Properties and beta angle,

bottom chord beta angle = 180deg

Supports

Member Specifications
0.99 partial moment release for web members
Sometimes TRUSS member specifications or full 100% moment release cause instabilities. A rather simple
way of solving this problem is to use PARTIAL RELEASES.
In reality, connections always have some amount of force and moment capacity. Use PARTIAL RELEASES
to enable the connection to retain at least a very small amount of capacity. This is a mechanism by which
you can declare that, at the start node or end node of a member, you are willing to allow the member to
have a small amount of stiffness for that degree of freedom rather than fully eliminating the stiffness there.
It implies that the bending and torsional stiffness are 99% less than they would be for a fully moment-resistant
connection. Thus, the 1% available stiffness might be adequate to allow the load to pass through the node
from one member to the other.

Load Arrangement and Load Combinations

Dead Load – DL1

Roof Live Load – LLR1

Wind Load – WL1 (direct pressure)

Wind Load – WL2 (uplift pressure)

Steel Design parameters

Utilization Ratio, max utility ratio = 0.913 < 1.0, hence SAFE

Deflection check for wind load,


Deflection check for live load,


Deflection check for dead + live load,


Max Horizontal Deflection,

This max horizontal deflection will be used to design the slot length on roller connection

PART 5 –
STRUCTURE MODELING, ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO

PART 5 – STRUCTURE MODELING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO
5.1 CREATING THE 3D MODEL
(Create STAAD model file STAADRC1.std)
5.1.1 Start opening your STAAD.Pro application
5.1.2 Click Create

5.1.3 Create your first node at 0,0,0
5.1.4 Select Node 1 and use Translational Repeat to create your first element

5.1.5 Select Node 1 and use Translational Repeat to create your first element
You should have this same model after the command

5.1.6 Select all the members and use Translational Repeat to create your entire ground floor
5.1.7 Delete and merge elements

Your structure should look like this after deleting and merging some elements
5.1.8 Select all elements on level +1.50 and use Translational Repeat command to create part of the
second floor

Your structure should look like this after
5.1.9 You may now start completing your second floor framing
Copy and Paste beams command will help the user to complete the entire second floor

5.1.10 Copy the whole second floor for the structures to get the third floor

5.1.11 Select the top nodes of the perimeter columns and do Translational Repeat command to form the
perimeter columns of the third floor.

5.1.12 Connect all the third floor columns. These will serve as the roof beams.

5.2 APPLYING SECTION PROPERTIES
(Open STAAD model file STAADRC2.std)
These are the sections need to be defined and apply to elements accordingly
Columns Beams
700 x 500 mm 700 x 400 mm
700 x 700 mm 500 x 300 mm
For columns 700 x 500 mm

For columns 700 x 700 mm
For girders and some in-fill beams 700 x 400 mm

For grade beams and in-fill beams 500 x 300 mm
5.3 DEFINING AND APPLYING SUPPORTS
Fixed supports will be used for this project.

5.3 DEFINING NODE AND MEMBER SPECIFICATIONS
5.3.1 Creating and applying rigid diaphragms
This command is used to create rigid floor diaphragms without the need to specify a master joint at each.
When specified, this command directs the engine to perform the following:
1) calculate the center of mass for each rigid diaphragm (where master joint is to be located)
considering the mass model of the structure. The mass must be modeled using mass reference
load.
2) create, internally, an analytical node at the center of mass location to be included during
analysis (unless a master node is specified) if an existing analytical node exists at this point, then
the existing joint is used in lieu of creating a new joint.
Rigid diaphragms levels are only level +5.10 M (second floor) and +8.70 M (third floor)
5.3.2 Section cracked factors as per ACI 318-14 and NSCP 2015

For columns For Beams
5.4 MODEL MANAGEMENT
In this section we will use some of the STAAD.Pro model management functions such as groupings, node
numbering, member numbering and views saving. This will help the user to organize his/her STAAD.Pro model.
5.4.1 Set node numbering
BASE will start 1

GF will start 1000
2F will start at 2000
3F will start at 3000
RF will start at 4000

5.4.2 Set elements numbering
For beams, For columns,

GF will start 1000 BASE to GF will start 1
2F will start at 2000 GF to 2F will start 100
3F will start at 3000 2F to 3F will start 200
RF will start at 4000 3F to 4F will start 300
5.4.3 Creating floor groups

Press CTRL + G to open group dialog box
F2 2nd flr floor group

F3 3rd flr floor group


5.5 LOAD APPLICATIONS
Loading the structure.
We will now apply loads to the structure. For better load arrangement we will utilize the Reference Load
function of the program.
Large models can include multiple load cases which do not require analysis in their own right and are simply
the building blocks for inclusion in primary load cases. Thus Reference Loads may be defined for this
purpose. This converts a real load case to something similar to a load case definition. A reference load
case is solved only when it is later called in a load case. The benefit is that it enables you to define as many
load cases as you wish, but instruct the program to actually solve only a limited number of "real" load cases,
thus limiting the amount of results to be examined.
We will set all the dead loads as Reference Load.
5.5.1 Create Reference Load
R1 DL1 – self weight

R2 DL2 – super-imposed dead load

5.5.2 DL1 has the load item below,
- Selfweight (reinforced-concrete at 25 kN/m3)

- 3.75 kN/m2 floor load for un-modelled 150 mm thick slab
3.75 kN/m2 is calculated from 150 mm slab thickness multiply by the concrete density 25 kN/m3
So, 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 kN/m2

5.5.3 DL2 has the load items below,
- Floor loads
- Member Loads
Height of 4” CHB = 3.6m(story height) – 0.7m (beam depth) = 2.9 m
Height of 4” CHB = 6.0 m(story height) – 0.70m (beam depth) = 5.3 m
7Height of 4” CHB = 6.0 m(story height) – 1.4m (truss depth) = 4.6 m * ½ (to consider triangular
load)
- Stair loads = 0.2 x 25 kN/m3 x 5.3m / 2 = 13.25 kN/m
- Point Loads (from truss analysis)
27.31 kN as per separate STAAD.Pro analysis,

Say 28.00 kN

For floor loads,
For member loads,
For point loads (truss loads), see truss support reactions below
This should be the final Reference Load
5.5.4 Creating seismic load definition
Z = 0.4
I = 1.0
Rx = 8.5
Rz = 8.5
STYP =4
Na = 1.0
Nv = 1.2
Ct = 0.0731 (for concrete frame)
= 0.0853 (if steel frame)
5.5.5 Defining seismic weight
The Reference Load DL1 and DL2 will be used as seismic weight
The -negative signs of the reference load would not harm as long as all of the items are consistent in terms
of sign (which seem to be the case in the training model). So loads R1 and R2 would be used to calculate
the seismic weight. This can be confirmed once we finished the analysis.
Also just to ensure that the user is aware, for calculating the mass for the rigid diaphragm, the software
would consider DL1 and DL2 loading types (in absence of a Mass type or a Gravity type reference loads).
So loads in R1 and R2 would be considered for the rigid diaphragm center of mass calculations.
5.5.6 Creating Load Cases
We will create 7 Primary Load Cases on this project with the below definition
Follow these steps below to create the 7 primary load cases
5.4.7 Adding load items to Load Cases
Load item for EX
Load item for EZ
On additional note in performing seismic analysis in STAAD.Pro, user has to add the below additional
commands in order the program to report seismic story shears
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT LOAD DATA

CHANGE
Load items for DL1.
We will use Reference Load R1 here.
Load items for DL2.
We will use Reference Load R2 here.
Load items for LL1
Load items for LL2
Member Loads (from stairs)

= 4.8 kN/m2 x 5.3m / 2 = 12.72 kN/m
Load items for LLR
Point Loads (from truss analysis)

31.705 kN as per separate STAAD.Pro truss analysis, see staad model file 3-Truss.std for reference.
Say 32 Kn
This should be the complete 7 Primary Load Cases with the load items
5.6 PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
It is recommended to do a preliminary analysis before creating any load combinations. This will let the user
to check the model for any errors that may occur. This is also the right phase on the design to fix any
preliminary errors on the computer model.
5.6.1 Performing the preliminary analysis
Running the analysis
5.6.2 Verifying the results
In Post Processing go to Reactions page > Static Check Results, to check if the variance of loads applied
and corresponding reactions are equal to zero. Zero difference indicates that loads were fully transferred.
In this same page, a user can also verify if the total dead load match with the seismic weight.
L/C 3 and L/C 4 are DL1 and DL2, summing them would be 17917.929 + 9263.581 = 27,181.51 kN
Reviewing the output file, seismic weight shows the same value with the total dead load.
This indicates that the model and the analysis is fine.
Seismic Base Shear Verification by hand calculation (X and Z directions)
5.7 COMPARING WIND SHEAR AND SEISMIC SHEAR
In this section we will compare the structure’s wind shear to seismic shear results from our hand
calculations and STAAD.Pro analysis. We are doing this to determine if wind load MWFRS should be
consider in the design.
Considering X and Z directions, analysis and calculation show that seismic story shears are
significantly higher than wind story shears, hence wind load MWFRS need not to consider in the
global analysis and to the member design.
5.8 CREATING LOAD COMBINATIONS
STAAD.Pro provides a variety of options for combining loads. A user can create Load Combinations
manually, or generate Load Combinations using the pre-defined code-based combinations provided
within the program or using the Auto Load Rules.
In this training we will create load combinations manually.
5.6.1 Creating your first load combination
To speed-up the process of creating load combinations, a user may simply copy the load combinations
from the notepad file
loadcombo.txt – notepad file
And paste it in the current model command file editor.
(Open STAAD model file STAADRC5.std) – STAAD model file
Open the command file editor,
Copy all the text from the provided word file and paste it the command file editor line 253
Save and Close the command file editor.

 Seismic load has vertical and orthogonal effects (100% + 30%) as recommended by UBC 97 (1633.1)
and NSCP 2015 (208.7.1)
 Ev = 0.5 Ca I, Ca = 0.44,
 Na = 1.0 and Nv = 1.2, since the structure is 10km from the seismic source
 For TABLE 1 combination see UBC 97 (1612.2.1 and 1633.1) or NSCP 2015 (203.3.1 and 208.7.1)
 For TABLE 2 combination see UBC 97 (1630.9.1 and 1612.2.1) or NSCP 2015 (208.6.4.1)
5.9 CREATING LOAD ENVELOPES
Creating Load Envelopes is a fast and convenient way to select a particular set of loads to work with in the
Post Processing mode.
5.9.1 Create LOAD ENVELOPES
Create the all four envelopes below,
101 TO 127 ENVELOPE 1000 TYPE STRENGTH

201 TO 216 ENVELOPE 2000 TYPE SERVICEABILITY
301 TO 304 ENVELOPE 3000 TYPE SERVICEABILITY
401 TO 421 ENVELOPE 4000 TYPE STRENGTH
5.10 CHECKING DRIFT FOR SEISMIC LOAD
Drift is a serviceability issue and should be limited as much as possible while staying within reason. The
allowable seismic story drift Is calculated using UBC 1997 section 1630.9 and NSCP 2015 section 208.6.4.
Drift is calculated by STAAD.Pro at the center of mass of the floor since floor diaphragm is present.
Calculation for allowable seismic drifts are calculated below,
5.10.1 Add one more Perform Analysis command for seismic drift check with the Load List or Load
Envelop. CHANGE command should be added after the Perform Analysis command.
Add the print check drift command after
Do this for both X and Z direction.
Load Combo 201 to 216 to be used in the drift check
For X and Z Direction
5.10 RUNNING THE FINAL ANALYSIS
5.10.1 Adding additional analysis commands

- Print Cg (Center of Gravity)
- Print Dia Cr (center of rigidity)
- Print Story Stiffness (Story Stiffness)
- Soft Story Check ASCE7
5.11.3 Reviewing Final Analysis Output
Final Seismic Base shear calculation
Center of Mass (Cm) and Center of Rigidity (Cr)
Soft Story Check ASCE7 and Story Stiffness
Final Drift Check drift output from STAAD analysis
Seismic X and Z Direction (Max Allowable = L / 238)
PART 6 –
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
USING SACD RCDC
PART 6 – REINFORCED-CONCRETE DESIGN USING SACD RCDC
6.1 BEAM DESIGN IN SACD RCDC (DUCTILE DESIGN – SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME)
Make sure you run the analysis and close the model after. SACD RCDC is not able to import model which is
not analyzed yet in STAAD.Pro not currently open.
6.1.1 Open SACD RCDC
6.1.2 Select level +8.7m (3rd Floor) and then click Create New Project
You should see this interface after importing
6.1.3 Set basic load cases load type and click OK.
6.1.4 Click Add from Analysis to import load combinations from STAAD.Pro. Tick only load analysis 101 to 126
and click OK.
6.1.5 General and Reinforcement Settings
6.1.6 Click Auto Design to execute the beam design
6.1.7 Produce beam schedule with grouping
6.1.8 Produce beam elevation and section of G11 (beam group 11)
6.1.9 Produce bar cutting list for G11 (beam group 11)
6.1.10 Produce design calculation report of girder G11
6.2 COLUMN DESIGN IN SACD RCDC (DUCTILE DESIGN – SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME)
6.2.1 Click New and import STAAD file STAADRC8.std. Then click Create New Project.
6.2.3 Click Add from Analysis to import load combinations from STAAD.Pro. Tick only load analysis 101 to 126 and
click OK.
6.2.4 Column design settings
6.2.5 Column reinforcement settings
6.2.6 Click Auto Design to execute the column design
6.2.7 AutoGroup column design
6.2.8 Generate column schedule
6.2.9 User may produce as well the following
- Design calculation
- Bar cutting list
- Bill of quantities
6.3 SLAB DESIGN
6.3.2 Set staircases as slab openings and put
Imposed Load = 1.5 kN/m2

Live Load = 4.8 kN/m2 (3rd floor)
Slab thickness = 150mm
6.3.3 Slab design settings
6.3.4 Execute slab design
6.3.4 Generated slab drawings
6.3.5 User may produce as well the following
- Design calculation
- Bar cutting list
- Bill of quantities
6.4 FOOTING DESIGN
6.4.3 Click Add from Analysis to import load combinations from STAAD.Pro. Tick only load analysis no. 401 to 411
for design and load analysis no. 301 to 313 for sizing and click OK.
6.4.2 Footing general settings
6.4.3 Footing reinforcement settings
6.4.4 Execute footing design
6.4.5 Review the footing design.

Design grouping is possible which we will be doing in this training.
6.4.6 Group the footing design. Narrow down the footing group into six(6) groups
6.4.7 Final footing layout after grouping.
6.4.8 User may generate the following
Design calculation
Bar cutting list
Bill of quantities
 STAAD.Pro help and technical contents, Bentley Systems 2018

 National Structural Code of The Philippines (NSCP 2015), ASEP
 Uniform Building Code of 1997 (UBC 97)
 ASCE 7-10, American Society of Civil Engineers
 AISC 360-10, American Institute of Steel Construction
 IBC 2012, International Building Code 2012

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XSTRUCTURES ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS ENGR.

JOHN PAUL DELA ROSA

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 1 of 150

STAAD.Pro CONNECT Edition

The ultimate power tool for computerized structural engineering.

STAAD Advanced Concrete Design (SACD RCDC)

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 2 of 150

PART 1 – STAAD.PRO SETTINGS

PART 2 AND 3 – PROJECT OVERVIEW AND BUILDING LOADS

2.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW

3.0 BUILDING LOADS

3.1 DEAD LOADS

PART 4 – ROOF FRAMING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO

4.1 PURLIN DESIGN

PART 5 – STRUCTURE MODELING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO

5.1 CREATING THE 3D MODEL

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 3 of 150

PART 6 – REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN USING SACD RCDC

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 4 of 150

PART 1 – STAAD.PRO SETTINGS

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 5 of 150

1.1 UNITS, GLOBAL AXIS AND INTERFACE SETUP

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 6 of 150

1.3 STAAD.PRO LOCAL AXES ORIENTATION

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 7 of 150

Local axis system for various cross sections

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 8 of 150

1.4 THE SPACE BAR QUICK COMMANDS

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 9 of 150

1.5 SELECT CURSOR

1.6 VIEW TOOLS – to easily manipulate and control views

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 10 of 150

1.7 VIEW SELECTED OBJECTS ONLY TOOL - to isolate selected objects

1.8 COMMAND FILE EDITOR

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 11 of 150

1.9 STAAD OUTPUT FILE

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 12 of 150

Project Name : Multi-Purpose Reinforced-Concrete Building Structure (3 Storey)

Floor Plans and Elevations are shown below:

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 13 of 150

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 14 of 150

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 15 of 150

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 16 of 150

PART 2 AND 3 – PROJECT OVERVIEW

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 17 of 150

3.1 Dead Loads

For DL1 Reference Load

- Selfweight (reinforced-concrete at 25 kN/m3)

For DL2 Reference Load

- Stair loads = 0.2 x 25 kN/m3 x 5.3m / 2 = 13.25 kN/m

- Point Loads (from truss analysis)

27.31 kN as per separate STAAD.Pro analysis,

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 18 of 150

3.2 Live Load

3.3 Wind Load

1. It is a simple diaphragm building.

4. It has a regular shape.

T < 1.0s, hence rigid structure

Flexible structure has T > 1.0 seconds

6. There is no expansion joint.

DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING (THREE STORY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING) Pg. 19 of 150

Location : Intramuros Manila

Basic Wind Speed : 250 Kph