Good afternoon to each in everyone I’m Rio Awitin the first speaker to report the

revolution; second phase in 1897 to 1898.

Intro (2nd slide): (read the texts written on the slide)

In the previous topic to sum up the first phase of the Philippine Revolution ended with
both Filipino and Spanish belligerents reaching an agreement on a truce (in Biak-na-
Bato). In that times During the war they made a truce so that they can recover to their
losses and resume to desert the battle. The Republic of Biak-na-Bato, officially referred to in its
constitution as the Republic of the Philippines, was the first republic ever declared in the Philippines
by revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries.

After the agreement of Spanish belligerents. Aguinaldo went on temporary exile to Hong
Kong after the Spanish government, which was then subdued by Primo de Rivera, gave
him a compensation of PHP 400,000. Unfortunately, the agreement failed as neither of
the sides was willing to desert the battle.
Governor-General Primo de Rivera- he is the leader of the spanish succeed in the
battlefield of Cavite over Aguildo's forces.

So basically primo de rivera he is the one to give compensation to Aguinaldo to use that
compensation for the expenses in leaving in our country.

The Cry of Pugad Lawin (3rd slide): The Cry of Pugad Lawin occurred on August 23,
1896. About 500 Katipuneros led by Andres Bonifacio gathered at Mount Pugad Lawin
to show their defiance against the Spanish rule in the Philippines by tearing up their
community tax certificates or cedulas. The cedula signify them a reminder of Spain's
tyranny against Filipinos who were branded as “indios” during the invaders' 300-year
rule. It's a piece of paper that symbolizes the Spaniards' oppression and tearing the
same means the start of our fight for freedom and independence. This event officially
marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish regime.
Basically the cry pugad lawin is The Cry of Balintawak. The Cry, defined as that turning
\point when the Filipinos finally refused Spanish colonial dominion over the Philippine
Islands. With tears in their eyes, the people as one man, pulled out their cedulas and
tore them into pieces. Also the cry of pugad lawin was the beginning of the Philippine
revolution against the Spanish empire.
Naik Military Agreement (4th slide): On April 19, 1897, Andres Bonifacio and his co-
conspirators met at Naic, Cavite and drew up another document called the Naik Military
Agreement, which would create an army corps to overthrow Emilio Aguinaldo. While
they were busy discussing their plot against Aguinaldo, Lazaro Macapagal, who was
held a prisoner managed to escape. Being a loyal Magdalo officer, he rushed to the
house of President Aguinaldo and informed him about the secret meeting. Aguinaldo
and his soldiers rushed to the meeting place to confront the conspirators. Seeing that
the estate-house was surrounded by Aguinaldo's soldiers, Bonifacio and his Magdiwang
conspirators hurriedly fled the place. Bonifacio's plan to build an army to overthrow
Aguinaldo eventually failed to materialize.

The Charges Against Bonifacio (5th slide): In March 1897, a convention at Tejeros
named Aguinaldo, rather than Bonifacio, to be the president of a new Philippine
republic. Refusing to recognize the convention, Bonifacio tried to establish his own rebel
government. On April 28, 1897, Aguinaldo had Bonifacio arrested and tried for treason
and sedition. He, along with his brother Procopio, were executed by a firing squad on
May 10th. Aguinaldo later recalled that he tried to withdraw the capital punishment into
banishment, but the attempt was opposed by the convention and his bona fide
supporters.

Roosevelt’s Agenda (6th slide): Theodore Roosevelt wished that the war between the
United States and Spain should break out to expand the power of the U.S. Navy. He
conceived the idea of attacking Manila if a war breaks out against Spain. He then
appointed Commodore George Dewey to carry out the offensive action against the
Spanish naval convoy based in Manila in case of a war with Spain. Dewey’s base of
operation was in Hong Kong.

George dewey he is, he held a variety of positions in the Navy. In 1897 he was named
commander of the Asiatic Squadron. With the help of strong political allies, including
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt.

The Maine Incident (7th slide): So before the maine incident. In January 1898,
Spanish ambassador Enrique Dupuy de Lomé wrote to a friend in Cuba, stating that
President William McKinley was a weakling. The letter was later published in a New
York periodical which angered the United States that also resulted in a war against
Spain. In the maine incident Maine is described as an armored cruiser or second-
class battleship, depending on the source. Commissioned in 1895, the first U.S. Navy
ship to be named after the state of Maine. During that time. On February 15, the U.S.
Navy warship Maine was blown up at Havana Harbor which claimed 246 lives. It was an
act of treachery on the part of the Spaniards.

Spanish-American War (8th slide): Roosevelt saw those events as an excuse to goad
his government into war. Hence, the coming of the Americans was a devised operation.
When the war broke out, Commodore Dewey immediately rushed to the Philippines to
carry out the mission. The formal declaration of war against Spain was on April 25th.

The Battle of Manila Bay (9th slide): Also known as the Battle of Cavite, the Battle of
Manila Bay took place on May 01, 1898 between the Asiatic Squadron under the
command of Dewey and the Pacific Squadron under Spanish Admiral Patricio Montojo
which resulted in decisive American victory.

So the battle of Manila bay is the largest and first battle of the Philippine-American War,
a war between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries the battle of Manila bay is
the continuation of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. After defeating
Spanish colonial which resulted a decisive victory the Filipino hopes bring
independence to the Philippines were dashed when the United States annexed the
islands for itself. The war began with a brief but bloody clash between Filipino
independence fighters and U.S. troops in Manila.

The Manila Bay (10th slide): (read the texts written on the slide)

Basically Battle of Manila Bay, (May 1, 1898), defeat of the Spanish Pacific fleet by the
U.S. Navy, resulting in the fall of the Philippines and contributing to the final U.S. victory
in the Spanish-American War. The resounding American victory made Commodore
George Dewey a national hero and helped establish the reputation of the United States
as a major naval power.