King Post Truss Joinery Analysis

Case Study

Timber Frame Engineering Council Symposium

Burlington, VT
August 8, 2013

John Treybal, PE

1
 6x1
2 Rid
ge

King Post
8x10
5x6 Str
e r ut
aft
R
10
8x

6x1 ie
2P
lat x1 2T
e 8
8x8 Post

2
Truss Loading

lf
4 0p
3

2000#
2000#
1000#
Compr 1000#
ession

on
si
Tension

es

Compression
r
mp
on

Co
ssi
re
mp

Comp.
Co

o n
Te nsi
Basis of Design:
1000# - Douglas Fir #1, S4S, unseasoned
1000# - Loads are dead + snow, self-weight included
- 24' span
- 8:12 pitch
- Rafters continuously laterally braced
Comp.

- Pinned connections
- No friction
3
 Strut / Rafter Joint

13100#-in

980

#
60
#

82
10
114
8x
13100#-in
# 0#
40
91

23
00
#

5x
6

4
 Strut / Rafter Joint

13100#-in

980

#
60
#

82

Failure Modes:
10
114
8x
13100#-in
0#

- Rafter Bearing on Strut

- Bending and Compression in Rafter at

#
40

Reduced Section
91

212
23

0#
00
#

#0
88
5x
6

5
 Strut / Rafter Joint -
Rafter Bearing on Strut (Check 1)
13100#-in
10
8x
980

#
60
1.5"
#

82 typ.
10
114

"
5.6
8x

5x
6
13100#-in
0#

= =P
#
40
91

= 2,120#
212

= ?1.5 " ∗ 5.6" D ∗ 2 = 16.8

23

0#
00

01
#

01 .4° 89:;9 = 1,020 => ?@A B >C D

#

= 2 . 3
0

0 1R :EF9G: = 625 =>

88
5x

K>P
6

= S ∴ NO

6
 Strut / Rafter Joint -
Rafter Bearing on Strut (Check 2)
13100#-in
10
8x
980

#
60
#

82
10
114
8x

5x
6
13100#-in
0#

0.75

4.5"
"

= =
#
40
91

= 880#
212

= 0.75" ∗ 4.5" = 3.38

23

0#
00

Conservatively ignoring tenon

#

bearing – some might argue for

#0

using half of it or more

88
5x
6

-.
-12.3° 56786
.
= 670 :; <=> ? ;@ A
= / . 0 .
- 7BC6D7 = 1,000 :; ∗ 1.15 = 1,150 :;
= G H> ∴ KL
7
 Strut / Rafter Joint - Bending and
Compression in Rafter at Reduced Section Rafter Net Section Properties:
13100#-in
= 58.1
980 T = 71.5 U

#
60
Side note: Is there an argumen
#

82
compression zone of rafter?
Compression Only:
10
114
8x

8,260#

13100#-in

= = = N[
#0

58.1
- . = 1,000 :; ∗ 1.15
#

= N, NP > 142 :; ∴ LM
40
91

= N, NP > 142 :; ∴ LM
212
23

0#
00

Bending and Axial Compression Interaction:

#

`
\ ^ +\ ^ = . NP < 1.0 ∴ LM
0#

-′ -` ′
88
5x
6

b 13,100# −
` = = = 183 :;
Q 71.5 R
- .̀ = 1,200 :; ∗ 1.15 = 1,380 :;
8
 Strut / King Post Joint

6
5x
8x10

2800#

#
20
23
5x6
2320#

4 0#
82
110#

2
8x1
40#
110#

82

9
 Strut / King Post Joint

6
5x
3 0#
19

8x10

2800#

1290#
#
20
23
3 0# Failure Modes:
5x6 19
2320#
1290#

- Strut Bearing on King Post

- Shear Through King Post Relish

- King Post Tension at Reduced Section

4 0# (not checked - top of king post joint will
82
control due to lower cross-sectional area)
110#

2
8x1
# - Tie Tension at Reduced Section
0
24 (not checked - heel joint will control)
110#

- King Post/Tie Peg Shear

(not checked- OK by inspection)
10
 Strut / King Post Joint -

8x10
5x
Strut Bearing on King Post (Check 1) 6
5x
6

6
5x
3 0#
1.5 19

8x10
typ "

2800#

1290#
.

#
20
23
6.1"

3 0#
5x6 19
8x12
2320#
1290#

= = P S

= 1,930#
0#
82
5 = ?1.5" ∗ 6.1"D ∗ 2 = 18.3
0UU.5° 89:;9
1
= 914 => ?@A B >C D
0 = 2 . 3
1
110#

2
8x1 0 1R hijk lm89 = 625 =>
= S K > P S ∴ NO
50#
110#

82

11
 Strut / King Post Joint -

8x10
5x
Strut Bearing on King Post (Check 2) 6
5x
6

6
5x
3 0#
19

8x10

2800#

1290#
#
20
23
5"
0.7

3 0#
5x6 19
4.5 8x12
2320# "
1290#

= = de

= 1,290#
0#
82
5 = 0.75" ∗ 4.5" = 3.38
01
110#

8 x12 0g4.U° 89:;9

1
= 727 => ?@A B >C D
= 2 . 3 1
50# 0 hijk lm89 = 1,000 => ∗ 1.15 = 1150 =>
110#

82
= J J K > de ∴ NO

12
 Strut / King Post Joint -

8x10
5x
Shear Through King Post Relish 6
5x
6

6
5x
3 0#
19

8x10

2800#

1290#
#
20
23
5 " 4.5
0.7 "

3 0#
5x6 19
8x12
2320#
1290#

q
= =d
6"

q = 1,290#
#
82 50 = ?0.75" ∗ 2+4.5"D ∗ 6" = 36
0p1 = 170 => ∗ 1.15
110#

2
8x1
0# = Qr >d ∴ OP
5
110#

82

13
 Rafter / King Post Joint

2000#

630#
7180#
6x1
2
8x10

2000#
630
#
10
8x

#
80
71

6x1
2
2920#
8x10

14
 Rafter / King Post Joint

0#
2000# 35

520#
630#

3980#
7180#
6x1 #
2 70
59
8x10
Failure Modes:
# 2000#
0
35 - Ridge Beam Bearing on King Post
630
520#
#

- King Post Bearing on Rafters

0
3980# 8x1

- Shear Through King Post Relish

#
80
71

6x1
# 2
70 - King Post Tension at Reduced Section
59
2920#

- Rafter Compression over Effective Area

at Connection
8x10

15
 Rafter / King Post Joint - = =S
Ridge Beam Bearing on King Post = 2,000#

0# = ?1.25" − 0.25" shrinkageD

2000# 35
∗ ?5.5" − 1.5"D

520#
630#

3980#
= 4.00
7180#
6x1 01
2 70
# 0 1R :irkG = 625 =>
59 = 2 . 3
0 1 hijk lm89 = 1,000 => ∗ 1.15 = 1,150 =>
8x10

0 # 2000# = S K > S ∴ NO
35

630
520#
#

1.2
5"
0

2" .
3980# 8x1

TYP
#

"
80

1.5
71

6x1
# 2
70
59
2920#
8x10

16
 Rafter / King Post Joint - = = PJ
King Post Bearing on Rafters (Check 1) = 5,970# + 350# = 6,320#

0# = ?6.75" ∗ 2.75"D ∗ 2 = 37.1

2000# 35
01

520#
630#

3980#
7180# 0 1R hijk lm89 = 625 =>
= 2 . 3 1
6x1 0UU.5° :EF9G: = 914 => ?@A B >C D
= S K > PJ ∴ NO
2 #
9 70
5 8x10
6.75"

2000#
0#
35
630

2.7
typ 5"
520#
#

.
0
3980# 8x1

#
80
71

6x1
# 2
70
59
2920#
8x10

17
 Rafter / King Post Joint - = = [ P
King Post Bearing on Rafters (Check 2) = 2,920# + 2,000# + 2,000# = 6,920#

0# = ?1" * 7.5"D2 = 15
2000# 35
01

520#
630#
1"

3980#
0 1 hijk lm89 = 1,000 => ∗ 1.15 = 1,150 =>
7180# = 2 . 3
0g4.U° :EF9G:
1
= 727 => ?@A B >C D
= J J K > [ P ∴ NO
6x1 #
2 70
59
8x10

# 2000#
0
35
630
520#
#
0
3980# 8x1

#
80
71

6x1
# 2
70
59
2920#
8x10

18
 Conservatively neglecting rafter tenons
Rafter / King Post Joint -
o
Shear Through King Post Relish n = =P

0# o = 2,920# + 2,000# + 2,000# = 6,920#

2000# 35
= ?4.6" ∗ 7.5"D ∗ 2 = 69.0

520#
630#

3980#
7180# 0n1 = 170 => ∗ 1.15
4.6"

6x1
2 # = Pp >P ∴ NO
9 70
5 8x10
# 2000#
0
35
630
520#
#
0
3980# 8x1

#
80
71

6x1
# 2
70
59
2920#
8x10

19
 Rafter / King Post Joint -
King Post Tension at Reduced Section
HOUSING
0#
2000# 35

E
PEG

PEG
LIN
SP
HOUSING

HOUSING
520#
= 19.0

630#

3980#
TENONS
7180#

E
PEG

PEG
IN
L
6x1

SP
2 #
9 70 HOUSING
5 8x10

2000# King Post Cross Section

0#
35
v
= = d [
630

9
520#
#

v = 2,920# + 2,000# + 2,000# = 6,920#

0

= 19.0
3980# 8x1

#
80

091 = 825 => ∗ 1.15

71

6x1
# 2
70
59
= r[r > d [ ∴ OP
2920#

8x10

20
 Rafter / King Post Joint - = = QSJ
Rafter Compression Over Effective
= 7,180#
Area at Connection
2000# = 6.1" * 7.5" = 45.8
0 1 = 1,000 => ∗ 1.15

630#
7180# = Q, QS > QSJ ∴ OP
6x1
2
8x10

6.1"
2000#
630
#
10
8x

#
80
71

6x1
2
2920#
8x10

21
 Heel Joint

1000# (plate not shown)

#
870

8x10
10480#

1000#

6x1
2
0#
160#

4
82
2
8x1
8x8 8690#

22
 Heel Joint

1000# (plate not shown)

0#
48 720#
2 0#
#

7
870

8x10 8
10480# Failure Modes:
5810#

1000# - Plate Bearing on Post

- Rafter Bearing on Tie

- Shear Through Tie Relish

6x1
2 - Tie Tension at Reduced Section
0#
160#

4
82
2 - Tie Bearing on Post
8x1
8x8 8690#

23
 = = [
Heel Joint -
Plate Bearing on Post = 1,000#
= <1" − 0.25" shrinkageA ∗ <5.5"A
1000# (plate not shown)
= 4.13
-.
0# - .O luB6D = 625 :;
48
= / . 0 .
720#
2 0# - lm56 = 1,000 :; ∗ 1.15 = 1,150 :;
#

7
= P H > [ ∴ KL
870

8x10 8
10480#
5810#

1000#

6x1
2
0#
160#

4
82 1"
2
8x1
8x8 8690#

24
 Heel Joint - = = Gpd
Rafter Bearing on Tie
= 10,480#
1000# (plate not shown)
= <2.4" ∗ 2.75"A ∗ 2 = 13.2
-.
-RR.2° 6iD
.
= 875 :; <ℎ> ? ;@ A
48
0# = / . 0 .
720# - 7BC6D7 = 1,000 :; ∗ 1.15 = 1,150 :;
2 0# = eGP H > Gpd ∴ KL
#

7
870

8x10 8
10480#
5810#

1000#
"
2.4

2.7
TYP 5"
.
2" 6x1
2
0#
160#

4
82
2
8x1
8x8 8690#

25
 q
Heel Joint - p = = N r
Shear Through Tie Relish q = 8,720#
1000# (plate not shown)
= 79.8
-p. = 170 :; ∗ 1.15

48
0# = Nr > N r ∴ LM
720#
2 0#
#

7
870

8x10 8
10480#
5810#

1000#

6x1
2
0#
160#

4
82
2
8x1
8x8 8690#

26
 t
Heel Joint - 6 = =M
Tie Tension at Reduced Section
t = 8,720#
1000# (plate not shown)
= 9.5" * 7.5" = 71.3
-6. = 675 :; ∗ 1.15

48
0#
720#
= GG >M ∴ KL
2 0#
#

7
870

8x10 8
10480#
5810#

1000#
9.5"

6x1
2
0#
160#

4
82
2
8x1
8x8 8690#

27
 Heel Joint - = = M
Tie Bearing on Post
= 5,810# + 720# + 160# = 6,690#
1000# (plate not shown)
= 30.3
-.
- .O 6iD = 625 :;
48
0# = / . 0
720# - . lm56= 1,000 :; ∗ 1.15 = 1,150 :;
2 0# = P H > M ∴ KL
#

7
870

8x10 8
10480#
5810#

1000#

1.7 6x1
2
0# typ 5"
160#

4 . 1"
82
typ
2 .
8x1
8x8 8690#

28
Thank You

Questions?
Comments?