Quantum Mechanics -2 Assignment Question: Module -1

Module -1: Quantum Mechanics - 2

Quantum Mechanics
01. (a) What do you mean by wave function? Explain its physical interpretation. Write the
normalization condition of the wave function.
(b) What is the physical meaning of the expectation value of an observable? Write down the basic
postulates of quantum mechanics.
02. (a) Show that the momentum and energy operator can be expressed as
ˆ ˆ
pˆ x  i and Eˆ  i .
x t
(b) What do you mean by Eigen function and eigen value? Examine the following wave functions
are eigen function of p̂ x or not – (i) (i) sin x, (ii ) cos x, (iii ) Aex . Hence find the corresponding
eigen value.
03. (a) Compute the following commutator bracket and explain physically
(i) [x,  ] (ii) [x, px] (iii) [x, py] (iv) [z, px] (v) [x, H] (vi) [p, H]
x
(b) Starting from the relation [x, px ] = i  show that [x, pxn] = i  npxn-1 and [px, xn] = -i  nxn-1
 2x2

04. A wave function (at t = 0) is given by  ( x)  ae 2 e ikx known as Gaussian wave packet.
Determine (a) the normalization constant,
(b) the probability density and
(c) the probability current density of the wave packet. [NBU(H)-2003]
2 2
05. The wave function of a particle is given by  ( x)  Ce  x ,   x   where C and  are
constants. Calculate the probability of finding the particle in the region 0  x   . [BU(H) –
2002].
06. Find the Normalization constant of the one-dimensional wave function given by
x
 ( x)  C sin( ), 0  x  l
l [BU(H) – 1998, 2001].
0, outside
Find the expectation value of xˆ and pˆ .
07. The Wave function of a particle is given by
 (x) = 3 x , 0<x<1
=0, elsewhere
(i) Calculate the probability of finding the particle in the region 0  x  0.5.
(ii) What is average position of the particle?
08. The normalized radial wave function for the 1s state of Hydrogen atom is given by
r / a
R10(r) = (1 / a0 ) 3 / 2 2e 0 , where a0 is the 1s Bohr radius.
(a) Prove that the radial probability density is maximum at r = a0
(b) Calculate the expectation value of the potential energy of the electron in the 1s state of
Hydrogen atom.

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Quantum Mechanics -2 Assignment Question: Module -1

09. The normalized wave function of a particle on a straight line is given by

1  x2  ipx 
 ( x)  exp   

  
 (2 )
2
  
(a) Where is the particle most likely to be found?
(b) What is the expectation value of momentum of the particle?
x
10. (a) A particle is represented by the wave function  ( x)  e sin(x), what is the probability
that its position to the right of the point x=1.
(b) A one dimensional wave function is given by  ( x)   e ax find the probability of
finding a particle between x=1/a and x=2/a.
11. The normalized radial wave function for the 1s state of Hydrogen atom is given by
r / a
R10(r) = (1 / a0 ) 3 / 2 2e 0 , where a0 is the 1s Bohr radius.
Prove that the radial probability density is maximum at r = a 0. Calculate the expectation value of
the potential energy of the electron in the 1s state of Hydrogen atom.
12. (a) Establish Schrödinger’s time-dependent equation in one-dimension. Hence finally write the
Schrödinger’s time-dependent equation in three-dimension.
(b) What are the stationary states? Starting from the time-dependent Schrödinger’s equation
derive the Schrödinger’s time-independent equation satisfied by the wave functions of stationary
states in 1-D using the method of separation of variable. Extend the discussion in three dimension.
[B.U(H) -1993]
(c) In what respect does the Schrödinger’s equation differ from classical wave equation? Explain
the term stationary state of quantum mechanical system. In a stationary state E what is the time-
dependent part of the wave function? [BU(H) – 1995]
(d) What solutions of Schrödinger’s time independent equation are called stationary? When such
solutions are obtained? What is the form of the time dependent part of the wave function for
stationary state? [BU(H) – 1999]
(e) Verify that Schrödinger’s wave equation is linear. [CU(H) -1993, 97]
(f) The general solution of the time dependent 1-D Schrödinger’s equation is given by

 ( x, t )   a n n e iE t /  . Examine whether the probability density is
n

n 1
independent of time or not. [BU(H) – 2004]

13. (a) What do you mean by Probability and Probability Current density in a quantum mechanical
 i
system? Show that the Probability Current density is given by J (r , t )  [ *  *  ] .
2m
(b) Write down the orthogonality condition for the wave functions. What is kronecker delta?-
explain its properties with example.

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Quantum Mechanics -2 Assignment Question: Module -1

(c) If  1 ( x, t ) and  2 ( x, t ) are both the solutions of Schrödinger’s wave equation for a given
potential V(x,t), then show that   a1 1 ( x, t )  a2 2 ( x, t ) in which a1 and a2 are arbitrary
constants is also a solution [BU(H) – 2006]
(d) A system has two eigen states  0 and 3 0 .  1 and  2 are the corresponding normalized
wave functions. At an instant the system is in a superposed state
1
  a1 1  a2 2 and a1  . (i) Find the value of a2 if  is normalized. (ii) What is the
2
probability that an energy measurement would yield a value of 3 0 (iii) Find out the expectation
value. [WBUT-2007]
(e) Consider   a11  a2 2 , where 1 and  2 are orthonormal energy eigenstates of a
1
system corresponding to the energy E1 and E2 at t = 0. If  is normalized and a1  (i) Find
2
the value of a2. (ii) Find the expectation value of E2. Write down the wave function at subsequent
time. [WBUT-2011]
(f) The wave function of a particle at a time t is given by
  iEnt /   iEnt / 
 (r , t ) a1 1 (r )e a 2  2 (r )e , where 1 and  2 are two normalized wave
functions with energies E1 and E2 ( E1  E2 ) ; a1 and a2 are constants. Calculate the probability
density. Does  represent a stationary state? Justify your answer. [BU(H) -2004]
(g) The stationary state of two-level system with energy in eV is given by
  
 (r , t )  0.8u0 (r )  0.6u1 (r )e it /  .
What is the probability of finding the system in the upper energy level? What is the outcome of
energy measurement of the system? [BU(H) – 2006]
14. Consider a particle in one dimensional potential box having dimension 0  x  a with the
boundary condition   0 for x  0 and x  a and V=0.
(a) Write down the free particle Hamiltonian and time independent Schrodinger equation.
(b) Derive the normalized wave function and energy eigen values.
(c) Explain graphically the different energy levels with corresponding eigen functions and
occupation probability.
(d) Calculate the value of lowest energy of an electron in one-dimensional force free region of
length 4Å.
(e) The ground state energy of a particle trapped in 1-D box is 40eV. What will be the
wavelength of a photon due to electronic transition from 2 nd excited state to 1st excited state
and from 1st excited state to ground state level.

15. The ground state wave function of a particle confined to a one-dimensional box with the
x
 ( x)  C sin( ), 0  x  l
dimension ‘L’ is given by, l .
0, outside
Evaluate the normalization constant. What will be the average momentum? Calculate the
uncertainties in position and momentum in the state and hence check the validity of the
uncertainty relation. [BU(H) -1998]
What will be the energy eigen value in these states?
16. A particle of mass m is confined with in the limit -l / 2 < x < l/ 2 and it can move only along x
axis. No external force acts on the particle.
(a) Write down the Hamiltonian of the particle and time independent Schrodinger equation
(b) Derive the normalized wave function and energy eigen values.

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Quantum Mechanics -2 Assignment Question: Module -1

17. (a) Set up the time independent Schrodinger equation for the particle in three dimensional box
with the boundary condition  0 for x  0 and x  a , y  0 and y  a and z  0 and z  a
and potential, V(x, y, z) = 0 for 0 < x < l, 0 < y < l, 0 < z < l
= for elsewhere
(b) Derive the normalized wave function and energy eigen values using separation of variable
method.
(c) Define degeneracy. Examine the degree of degeneracy of the energy level with energy
3 2 2 . Show that the energy 6h 2 of a free particle moving in 3-dimensional box will
E
ml 2 8mL2
be 3-fold degenerate.

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Quantum Mechanics -2 Assignment Question: Module -1

Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Department of Applied Sciences, HIT-Haldia Page 5

Quantum Mechanics -2 Assignment Question: Module -1

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