REVOLUTIONARY

CLERGY
BURGOS
SPANISH FILIPINO
EQUALITY
 BURGOS
as the successor of PELAEZ
Period between death of Pelaez
and the appearance of Manifiesto
which saw worsening attacks on
the Filipino clergy.
a struggle for racial equality
right of the secular clergy to the parishes and
the juridical incapacity of the religious orders
to maintain themselves there
attack notions of racial inferiority in the
writings of the opponents of the Filipino clergy

MANIFIESTO
A. CRUDE RACISM

B. LOYALTY OF THE FILIPINO CLERGY

TO SPAIN

MANIFIESTO
LIBERAL REFORMIST ALLIANCE
Revolution of 1868 in Spain

June 1869
The provisional government of Madrid
sent a new governor,
Carlos Maria de la Torre,
Torre to Manila
Carlos Maria de la Torre
LIBERAL REFORMIST ALLIANCE
under DE LA TORRE
atmosphere of liberalism and reform in Manila

permitted considerable freedom of speech

and of the press and set up various
committees to study reforms for the
Philippines
LIBERAL REFORMIST ALLIANCE
under DE LA TORRE

July 12 1869
A group of liberal reformists staged a
demonstration of gratitude and among
them was Fr. Jose Burgos
LIBERAL REFORMIST ALLIANCE
under DE LA TORRE

An alliance with liberal reformist lawyers

and businessmen of Manila was made,
thus giving birth to
Comite de Reformades
LIBERAL REFORMIST ALLIANCE
under DE LA TORRE

October 1869
Anonymous leaflets began to appear in
the classrooms calling for academic
freedom and criticizing the Dominican
professors (lack of respect)
LIBERAL REFORMIST ALLIANCE
under DE LA TORRE
“We Indios love our country as the
foreigners and the Spaniards love (their
own) and (we want) not to receive insults
from them. Professors, open and see the
books of history and all their pages will
prove this truth.”
ROLE OF THE
 CONNECTIONS

ROLE OF THE
 Bishop Juan Aragones of Nueva Segovia

“It is not the seminaries, Your Excellency, from which the worst to
come; it is from those who study in the university there and the
colleges of Letran and San Jose… Every student from Manila who
returns to the town of his province is a rebel… Just look at where
those who took part in the past insurrection; I do not know the facts,
but without rashness I dare to assert that all or great majority must
have been students of the university, not of the seminaries. And if in
the provinces there is any priest stigmatized as being anti-Spanish, it
is one of those who have studied in Manila.”

ROLE OF THE
 Bishop Juan Aragones of Nueva Segovia

“It is not the seminaries, Your Excellency, from which the worst to
come; it is from those who study in the university there and the
colleges of Letran and San Jose… Every student from Manila who
returns to the town of his province is a rebel… Just look at where
those who took part in the past insurrection; I do not know the facts,
but without rashness I dare to assert that all or great majority must
have been students of the university, not of the seminaries. And if in
the provinces there is any priest stigmatized as being anti-Spanish, it
is one of those who have studied in Manila.”

ROLE OF THE
 Bishop Juan Aragones of Nueva Segovia

Basically, Bishop Juan Aragones negatively pointed out

the that universities have a major role in this revolt
mainly because it brings together different groups,
therefore progressive ideas easily spread among the
relatively small student body.

ROLE OF THE
The Reformists &
DE LA TORRE
The Reformists & DE LA TORRE
“The incident of the anonymous leaflets is
especially significant, for it indicates De la
Torre’s attitude toward the liberal reformists
and their aspirations.”
The Reformists & DE LA TORRE
“The incident of the anonymous leaflets is
especially significant, for it indicates De la
Torre’s attitude toward the liberal reformists
and their aspirations.”
The Reformists & DE LA TORRE
“With rare exceptions there is not a priest or
a lawyer born in this country with some
education and influence who, both now and
always, has not employed them in creating
around him aspirations for independence.”
The Reformists & DE LA TORRE

“One must view the friars not with modern

ideas, no, but with ideas and the criterion
which should rule our policy in the
Philippines.”
The Reformists & DE LA TORRE
“Those who are ill-disposed towards the friars
are the same who are very ill-disposed
towards Spain… They are attempting to
destroy one of the strongest supports of our
rule.”
The Reformists & DE LA TORRE

Friar conservatism was the chief

obstacle to the introduction of the
liberal principles of the Spanish
revolution to the Philippines.
THE
CAMPAIGN IN
 THE CAMPAIGN IN
Manuel Regidor
MADRID
A Philippine-born Spaniard, published a book entitled
Islas Filipinas in 1869.
Islas Filipinas - indicated the radical reforms for the
PhIlippines taking a strongly antifriar position.

Anonymously sent numerous articles to La Discusion,

a Philippine radical newspaper in Madrid.
Father Joaquin THE CAMPAIGN IN
De Coria MADRID
Procurator of the Philippine Franciscan in Madrid.

Defended the allegations of Regidor in La Discusion

by stating the necessity of the friars in the face of the
Anti-Spanish tendencies of the Filipino clergy.
Jose Apolonio THE CAMPAIGN IN
Burgos MADRID
Replied with a series of signed articles turning back
the argument that indeed it was the friars the real
enemies of Spain in the Philippines.
 Regidor & THE CAMPAIGN IN
Burgos MADRID
Through Regidor, Burgos was to oversee the new
effort to obtain a reversal government policy. With the
series of efforts to defend the rights of the secular
clergy and revocation of the decrees awarding Manila
parishes to the Recoletos.
 Regidor & THE CAMPAIGN IN
Burgos MADRID
Up until Regidor became the Commander of the Order
of Isabela Catolica and Burgos had been arrested and
later executed.
El Correo de THE CAMPAIGN IN
Espana MADRID
A newspaper founded by Manuel Regidor together
with Rafael Labra.

Purpose was to defend overseas interests and

attention to the Filipino clergy.
 THE CAMPAIGN IN
Federico Lerena
MADRID
A Spaniard who had lived in the Philippines, married
to the sister of Jose Maria Basa, a Manila
businessman.

Editor and publisher of El Eco Filipino, a newspaper

fully devoted to the Filipino affairs.
 THE CAMPAIGN IN
El Eco Filipino
MADRID
Begun on September 5, 1871. Directed against the
friars and their refractory progress.

Rumored that it was only founded by Lerena for his

own initiatives and to devote himself from the support
and subscription he gained from his followers.
 THE

CAVITE MUTINY
 1872
1. The beginning of Filipino Nationalism
 1872
2. Martyrdom of the Three Priests
 PEOPLE INVOLVED
Gov. General Rafael Izquierido

Sergeant Francisco Lamadrid

Filipino Soldiers and Laborers

MOTIVATION
of the Clergy
MOTIVATION of the Clergy

After the Cavite Mutiny

Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere

SMOLDERING
EMBERS
OF NATIONALISM
THE PROPAGANDISTS
HEIRS OF BURGOS
THE PROPAGANDISTS
H E I R S O F B U R G O S

 The movement which developed Filipino National

Consciousness during the period 1880-1896 and
eventually led to the revolution is commonly
known as the Propaganda Movement.

 It took its origin among Filipino students in Spain.

THE PROPAGANDISTS
H E I R S O F B U R G O S

 The earlier stages were concerned with bringing

liberal and progressive reforms to the Philippines
through newspapers; in 1888, with the coming of
Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Spain, the campaign was
organized around the newspaper La Solidaridad.
THE PROPAGANDISTS
H E I R S O F B U R G O S

 It focused its attention to the friars as the major

obstacle to progressive reforms in the Philippines.

 Introduction of Masonry in the Philippines

 Reacted to Spanish depreciation of Filipino

Capacities.
THE PROPAGANDISTS
H E I R S O F B U R G O S

 Particularly under the leadership of Jose Rizal

 Rizal and Del Pilar shared nationalist aspirations

and hopes for rebuilding of the Filipino people.

 There was an intimate relation between the

generation of Rizal and that of Burgos.
THE PROPAGANDA
CAMPAIGN AND THE
CLERGY
• The founding of La Solidaridad 1889, with a professedly
antifriar program, did bring more attention to the
problems of the Filipino clergy, but chiefly as a means of
combating the friars.

• Pio de Pazos, a Spanish army who wrote a series of

articles under the pseudonym Padphyv defends the
Filipino clergy and calls for the parishes to be turned over
them.
• Ferdinand Blumentritt frequently took up the cause of the
Filipino clergy in his defenses of the Filipino capacities
against the Spanish detractors, calling for the concession
of more parishes to them.

• Isabelo de los Reyes under the pseudonym Kasalo

interested himself in the matter of the parishes for the
secular clergy.
• Del Pilar from time to time also took up the defense of the
rights of the Filipino clergy, taking the position that
parishes should be turned over to either peninsular or
Filipino secular clergy.
 PRIESTS ACTIVE IN THE
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
 Fr. Bartolome Espiritu

One of the priests who

PRIESTS was arrested during the
ACTIVE IN THE outbreak of the
Revolution
PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
 Fr. Jose Marie Zamora

Said to be helping raise

PRIESTS money for Marcelo Del
ACTIVE IN THE Pilar and in distributing
the literary propaganda
PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
 Fr. Vicente Garcia
Defended Rizal's Noli Me
Tangere against
Augustinian Fr. Jose
PRIESTS Rodriguez through a letter
under a pseudonym,
ACTIVE IN THE stating that Rizal only
PROPAGANDA attacked the flaws of
Catholic church, and not
MOVEMENT its doctrines
 Fr. Rafael Canlapan

One of Del Pilar's

PRIESTS supporters and even
ACTIVE IN THE host meetings of the
Malolos Group in his own
PROPAGANDA home
MOVEMENT
 Fr. Juan Gatmaitan

A relative of Del Pilar,

PRIESTS one of the people behind
ACTIVE IN THE the Propaganda
Movement
PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
 Fr. Ricardo Gatdula
Fr. Anastacio Cruz
Fr. Francisco Rosales
PRIESTS
ACTIVE IN THE Subscribers of the La
Solidaridad together with
PROPAGANDA some lay persons

MOVEMENT
THE FILIPINO CLERGY
& ANTICLERICALISM
THE FILIPINO CLERGY & ANTICLERICALISM

THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

A cultural organization formed in 1872 by

Filipino expatriates in Europe. Composed of the
Filipino elite called "ilustrados", exiled liberals and
students attending Europe's universities gravitated
to the movement.
THE FILIPINO CLERGY & ANTICLERICALISM

THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

A cultural organization formed in 1872 by

Filipino expatriates in Europe. Composed of the
Filipino elite called "ilustrados", exiled liberals and
students attending Europe's universities gravitated
to the movement.
THE FILIPINO CLERGY & ANTICLERICALISM

Before 1872
Brought out more of just the parishes and with the removal
of the friars from the parishes

After 1872
Destroyed the prestige of the friars completely and
nullifying their influence.
THE FILIPINO CLERGY & ANTICLERICALISM

Effects
 The steadily and precipitously decline of the friars’
prestige.

 Disaffection to Catholicism or at least its practice.