[url=https://fd.lsgov.us/forum/viewtopic.php?

p=506798#p506798]Subject: Engine Manual[/url]

[quote=TSB post_id=506798 time=1531328249 user_id=21837]

[justify][divbox=white][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/YTr235E.png[/img]

[color=#800000][b]SERVING WITH COURAGE, INTEGRITY AND PRIDE[/b][/color][/center]

[hr][/hr][size=115][font=arialblack][center][b]1. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)[/b][/center]

[/font][/size][hr][/hr]

Firefighters are subject to many hazardous conditions and not only just fire. Due to this the United States
requires all firefighters to ensure in all situations that they have personal protective equipment(PPE) in
which no part of the clothing can ignite when exposed to temperatures of 500°F for 5 minutes. This
clothing is also known as 'turnout gear' and consists of the following:

[size=120]1.1[/size] [size=110][b]Bunker Pants[/b][/size][list=none]Turnout trousers or pants are

generally the first piece of clothing worn by a firefighter. They consist of suspenders that ensure the
trousers stand up against the heavy duties required of a firefighter. Pockets enable firefighting tools and
rope to be carried just in-case they are required in an emergency.

[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/U0LDalW.jpg[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]1.2[/size] [size=110][b]Turnout Coat[/b][/size][list=none]The turnout coat consists of Velcro,

storm flap and zippers to enable a firefighter to properly don this protective coat. Like the turnout
trousers oversized pockets allow the firefighter to carry essential firefighting tools in-case of an
emergency. The jack also provides protection to the wrist by the use of the wristlets at the end of the
coat arms which allow the thumb joint to slip through.

[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/59bAgUC.png[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]1.3[/size] [size=110][b]Flash Hood[/b][/size][list=none]Helmets are unable to provide enough

protection to the ears, neck and part of the face and therefore the use of a protective firefighting hood
known as the flash hood is require. To correctly wear the flash hood you must first tuck the hood into the
collar, don the SCBA mask and then pull the hood over the face seal to cover any exposed skin.
[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/3aa4o4d.jpg[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]1.4[/size] [size=110][b]Helmet[/b][/size][list=none]The helmet protects a firefighter from

potential injury to the head from falling debris as well as protection from heat. The visor protects the
firefighters eyes during any rescue/extrication operations from dust, debris and the heat. To the front of
each helmet is a shield to represent a firefighter, presenting their rank and badge number.

[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/j9xsksx.gif[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]1.5[/size] [size=110][b]Fire Boots[/b][/size][list=none]Firefighters boots are made of rubber

with a steel toe insert. They can be slipped inside the legs of the turnout trousers and are not only fire
resistant but give the firefighter additional protection to the potential blows that could occur.

[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/xdvtWDE.jpg[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]1.6[/size] [size=110][b]Fire Gloves[/b][/size][list=none]In order to provide protection to the

hands against heat and sharp objects structural gloves are worn which fit over the wristlets of the
turnout coat and under the coat sleeve. They are lightweight and enable the firefighter free dexterity of
their fingers in-order for them to be able to perform functions necessary for the duty of a firefighter.

[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/o7Y3M11.jpg[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]1.7[/size] [size=110][b]Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)[/b][/size][list=none]A self-

contained breathing apparatus, or SCBA, is worn by firefighters in conditions where it is inadvisable or
impossible for them to breathe by themselves (any hazardous atmosphere – e.g. a structure with
heavy/dense smoke). There are four main parts to the SCBA which are mounted to a carrying frame on
the firefighters back:

[list][*]A pressure regulator

[*]An inhalation connection - mouthpiece/mouth mask/face mask

[*]A high-pressure tank containing oxygen

[*]SCBA Harness - with PASS device[/list]

[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/2urXEVe.png[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]1.8[/size] [size=110][b]The PASS Device[/b][/size][list=none]A personal alert safety system

(PASS) device is used by all firefighters when entering a hazardous building such as a structure fire. The
PASS device is attached to the harness on all SCBA's and enables help to be summoned by a loud high
pitched audible noise of 95 decibels.

The device can be activated in two ways, manually by the press of a red button located on the side of the
pass device or automatically. When automatically activated it means no movement has been detected by
the lasers built into the pass device for 15 seconds, possible meaning an injured firefighter. The alert
would then sound enabling firefighters to be able to locate the firefighter by following the sound
emitting from the device.[/list]

[hr][/hr][size=115][font=arialblack][center][b]2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT[/b][/center][/font][/size][hr]

[/hr]

[size=120]2.1[/size] [size=110][b]General Tools[/b][/size][list=none]Within in the firefighting vehicles

there are several tools in-order to aid the firefighter in all situations that may occur and are stored within
compartments found at the side and back of the engines/trucks. Medical tools are also available on the
engines/trucks such as medical kits, backboards, KED and C-collars. Below is a list of firefighting tools
that can be found in the compartments: (Click the name to see an image)

[list]

[*][b]Center Punch[/b] Used to break the side windows of a vehicle.

[spoiler][img] https://i.imgur.com/ibJaOik.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Cutting Pliers[/b] Used to cut the cables, e.g. battery cables.

[spoiler][img]https://imgur.com/Jvab5Ar.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Fireaxe[/b] - Used to tear down walls/doors or to cut down obstructions.

[spoiler][img]http://i.imgur.com/GQGbqDl.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Glass-master[/b] - Used to break and saw glass (think about MVA etcetera).
[spoiler][img]https://i.imgur.com/bRIBnUF.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Halligan bar[/b] Used to pry, pound, puncture, twist, remove and cut open any and all types of
barriers/obstructions.

[spoiler][img]https://i.imgur.com/dtSeW5y.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Hose Bridge[/b] Placed over hoses to prevent people driving or tripping over them.

[spoiler][img]https://i.imgur.com/aG59uTY.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Hose Nozzle[/b] Used on fire hoses to let the correct amount of water flow through and stop the
water from getting uncontrollable.

[spoiler][img]https://i.imgur.com/d93f5jB.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Hydrant Tool[/b] - For opening a regular hydrant and attaching the hose.

[spoiler][img]http://i.imgur.com/VzqeKcs.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Kendrick's Extraction Device (KED)[/b] Extract people out of vehicles / area's, preventing neck and
back injuries, securing the neck, head and back.

[spoiler][img]http://i.imgur.com/q3kLp9i.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Mallet[/b] - Used to break through walls and other light materials.

[spoiler][img]http://i.imgur.com/qCVwzM2.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Pike Pole[/b] - Can be used to test strength of walls/floor/ceiling as well as check ashes for fire or
hot coals.

[spoiler][img]http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-
PTvAo3OAKTU/TzGyyfRIBZI/AAAAAAAAF7E/JgFQEgeW4Hc/s640/pike+pole.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Salvage Covers[/b] Used to cover materials to get damaged (further).

[spoiler][img]https://i.imgur.com/YIW0HdO.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]Sledgehammer[/b] Used to tear down walls/doors.

[spoiler][img]https://i.imgur.com/CKHPo4n.jpg[/img][/spoiler]

[*][b]X-collar[/b] Used to immobilize the neck to prevent further injuries.

[spoiler][img]https://i.imgur.com/fzsnnnZ.jpg[/img][/spoiler][/list][/list]
[size=120]2.2[/size] [size=110][b]Hydraulic Rescue Tools[/b][/size][list=none]Hydraulic rescue tools,
popularly referred to as 'Jaws of Life', are apparatus used in vehicle extrication (freeing a trapped person
from a vehicle). There are two main variations of these tools:

[size=120]2.2.1[/size] [size=110][b]Spreaders-Cutters[/b][/size][list=none]

This tool, conveniently referred to as a 'combination tool' or 'combi-tool', combines both the spreader
and cutter in one. The spreader is used to pull pieces of the car's structure apart, or it can be inserted
into the side of the vehicle to tear a section out (e.g. a door). The cutter, as the name suggests, is used to
cut through the vehicle (e.g. its pillars) like a pair of giant bolt cutters.

[spoiler][center][img]https://puu.sh/uagrP/b8c2eec379.png[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]2.2.2[/size] [size=110][b]Hydraulic Ram[/b][/size][list=none]

The ram's function is to push apart sections of the car (or other structure). For instance, a rescue worker
can place a ram on the door frame and extend the piston to push the dashboard up, creating enough
space to free a crash victim.

[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/6gvuA0J.png[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list][/list]

[hr][/hr][size=115][font=arialblack][center][b]3. HOSES AND EXTINGUISHERS[/b][/center][/font][/size]

[hr][/hr]

[size=120]3.1[/size] [size=110][b]Hose Types[/b][/size][list=none][size=120]3.1.1[/size] [size=110]

[b]Crosslay/Live-Line[/b][/size][list=none]When arriving on-scene, firefighters usually deploy these lines
first. They are lightweight which makes them easy to use and ideal for most auto fires and residential
structure fires. The lines are 1.80" thick and 200ft long.

[b]Location:[/b] Three per engine, 2 at the left side (above the pump), 1 at the right side (above the
pump).

[b]Pre-connected:[/b] Yes

[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/wrsnPUl.jpg[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]
[size=120]3.1.2[/size] [size=110][b]Booster Line[/b][/size][list=none]The line feeds from a hose reel and
is no thicker than 1". Used for trash can fires, spot grass fires, chimney fires, cooling down of objects and
other small fires.

[b]Location[/b]: Right side of engine next to the pump panel.

[b]Pre-connected:[/b] Yes

[spoiler][center][img]http://i.imgur.com/KD5uX1G.gif[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]3.1.3[/size] [size=110][b]2.5" Line[/b][/size][list=none]Used primarily for exterior attacks and is

2.5" thick. When charged, it is very difficult to handle and must be knelt on/sat on.

[b]Location:[/b] 2 lines in the hose bed of the Engine.

[b]Pre-connected:[/b] Yes

[spoiler][center][img]http://i.imgur.com/Edj1byu.jpg[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]3.1.4[/size] [size=110][b]Deluge Gun/Deck Gun/Master Stream[/b][/size][list=none]Most

powerful out of all lines and used when there is difficulty extinguishing a large and stubborn blaze (such
as industrial fire). Discharges over 1000 gallons of water a minute and must be used sparingly. Also it can
create a lot of damage to objects and people if not used wisely.

[b]Location:[/b] On top of the Engine.

[b]Pre-connected:[/b] Yes.

[spoiler][center][img]http://i.imgur.com/NJHHplT.jpg[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]3.1.5[/size] [size=110][b]Hose Pack[/b][/size][list=none]Connects to live lines in order to take

water to higher levels of a building or if the live line can't reach. Small and easier to carry up
ladders/stairs being 100ft long and 1.80" thick.

[b]Location:[/b] Three at the back of the engine in the cabinets (six total).
[b]Pre-connected:[/b] No

[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/oAPbJE2.jpg[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]3.1.6[/size] [size=110][b]Supply Line/Relay Line[/b][/size][list=none]Used to connect the fire

engine to a hydrant/tender/other engine for water intake. The line is 1000ft long and 5" thick.

[b]Location:[/b] Back of the engine in a hose bed.

[b]Pre-connected:[/b] No

[spoiler][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/FX3WT1a.png[/img][/center][/spoiler][/list]

A fire engine refills its tanks after each assignment and can hold up to 1,000 gallons (3,785 liters).
Therefore, whilst assigned to a fire, the 1,000 gallons of water will only last a certain amount of time. So,
as such, crosslays put out 95 gallons (360 L) a minute, therefore, after 10.5 minutes, the tank will be
empty, whereas the deck (deluge) gun puts out 1,000 gallons a minute, therefore, 1 minute later, the
tank is empty. As a result of this, a network of fire hydrants spans Los Santos for you to connect supply
lines during firefighting. When arriving at a scene with a fire, one of your first priorities should be to
locate the nearest hydrant and connect it to the first engine on scene. Should the hydrant be too far
away, consider using a second fire appliance as a "link" to the hydrant, and pump water through the
connecting fire engine to the other fire appliance on active firefighting duty. In rare cases, a
[url=https://i.imgur.com/uzH1kLr.jpg]hydrant[/url] should not be available, and you should seek
alternative water sources.

[spoiler][center]
[img]http://www.firecompanies.com/MFC/public/news_images/10069/162759/368167_orig.jpg[/img]
[/center][/spoiler][/list]

[size=120]3.2[/size] [size=110][b]Firefighting Foam[/b][/size][list=none]Firefighting foam is used in the

suppression of certain fires and has proven to be, in some circumstances, more effective than that of
water. The fire-retardant foams are alcohol resistant and quickly cool and quell the fire by coating its fuel
and trapping the vapor. They are also useful for protecting unburnt areas from becoming involved in
flames. The foam works by providing a blanket across the surface and separating it from the air (oxygen).
This works in-relation to the Fire Triangle.

There are many different types of foam concentrate, but the only two you should be familiar with are:

[list]

[*][b][color=#00BF00]CLASS A Concentrate:[/color][/b] Used when fighting class A fires (paper, wood,

domestic waste, clothes, plastic, etcetera).

[*][b][color=#BF0040]CLASS B Concentrate:[/color][/b] Used when fighting class B (flammable

liquid/gas), class D (metals) and class K fires (cooking oils/fats).

[/list]

Introducing foam concentrate to water is easy and can be achieved via the engine's pump panel. Most
LSFD Engines carry approximately 20 gallons (76 L) of pure foam. [/list]

[hr][/hr][size=115][font=arialblack][center][b]4. MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS[/b][/center][/font][/size]

[hr][/hr]

The following steps run you through how you should typically approach a Motor Vehicle Accident
(MVA) / (Road) Traffic Collision ((R)TC), and how you should perform vehicle extrication if and when
conventional means of exit are impossible or inadvisable. In less complicated cases, it is possible to
extricate the casualty without actually cutting the vehicle, such as removing a person from the side door
or another part of the vehicle. This section will also show you how to deal with vehicle fire's and leaks.

[size=120]4.1[/size] [size=110][b]Scene Size-Up[/b][/size][list=none][b]1.[/b] Park up your vehicle

strategically towards the vehicle(s), preferable with the side towards it, at a certain distance long enough
that the vehicle won't get damaged when there's a fire or explosion, and still close enough for you to
access equipment fast and easy.

[b]2.[/b] The first unit on scene will assume the role of Incident Command until a Higher Ranked
employee takes over, or when the Head of Pre Hospital assumes Incident Command.

[b]3.[/b] The Incident Command will call in the additional resources when required on first sight (PD/SD,
HAZMAT, additional Firefighting equipment).

[b]4.[/b] Check for any hazards such as fires, smoke, leaks, traffic and crowd.

[b]5.[/b] If there's an active leak move on to section 4.2. If there's an active fire or smoke, move on to
section 4.3.
[b]6.[/b] Make sure that the vehicle is safe before you move on for further steps, see if it's stabilized, if
not, add stabilization rods or hydraulic rams to the sides to make sure that the car is secured.

[b]7.[/b] Once everything is safe, tell the EMT on scene that he or she is able to look at the patient (DR
CAB etcetera).

[b]8.[/b] If the EMT is unable to access the victim due to a window, use a Glass-Master to remove the
window (smash it in using the pin, the glass most likely won't fall directly on the victim.)

[b]9.[/b] Disconnect the wires of the battery using your hands or pliers. (Will need to open the hood with
Halligan Bar) (This is done to shut off the electric activities in the vehicle to prevent fire, safety risks and
to disable active airbags.)[/list]

[size=120]4.2[/size] [size=110][b]Leaks[/b][/size][list=none][b]1.[/b] Take a Crosslay, use Class B Foam.

[b]2.[/b] Find out the source of the the leak and how big it is.

[b]3.[/b] Spray the foam onto the leak and its surroundings, preventing it to catch on fire due to foam
blocking the Oxygen from reaching the Fuel (Fire Triangle).[/list]

[size=120]4.3[/size] [size=110][b]Vehicle Fire[/b][/size][list=none][b]1.[/b] If it's a very small fire and no

leaks, use either a Crosslay or a Booster Line with water.

[b]2.[/b] If there's a leak, use Class B Foam.

[b]3.[/b] If the fire's outside the hood, extinguish directly.

[b]4.[/b] If the fire's underneath the hood, aim the Hose Nozzle between the wheel and the engine, and
extinguish everything you can.

[b]5.[/b] After you've done that, open the hood [u]slowly and partially[/u] with a Halligan Bar.

[b]6.[/b] Place the Hose Nozzle between the bumper and the hood and open it fully, after some time you
can open the hood completely and finish the extinguishing.[/list]

[size=120]4.4[/size] [size=110][b]Extrication[/b][/size][list=none][size=120]4.4.1[/size] [size=110]

[b]General Extrication[/b][/size][list=none]Sometimes it's not required to cut the door and/or roof off to
get the victim extracted due to the door being able to open perfectly and there's enough space to get
the victim out.
[b]1.[/b] Remove any obstructions, for example if the victim is wearing a seatbelt, cut it off or remove it
by hand.

[b]2.[/b] Place a C-Collar around the patients neck if not wearing one yet.

[b]3.[/b] Place a Kendrick's Extraction Device (KED) behind the back of the patient, secure the straps
around the torso, neck and head. (Note: usage of the KED is not mandatory)

[b]4.[/b] Lift the patient out of the car with the assistance of someone else, one holds the KED and one
holds the legs.

[b]5.[/b] Once out of the car, place the victim onto the backboard and gurney.[/list]

[size=120]4.4.2[/size] [size=110][b]Rapid Extraction[/b][/size][list=none]

This technique is used when a victim is in a crictical condition and needs to be extracted right away.
Examples to choose rapid extraction over general extraction are:

[list][*]Cardiac arrest.

[*]Respiratory failure.

[*]Shock.

[*]Intracranial pressure.

[*]Uncontrollable external bleeding.

[*]Altered patients.

[*]Penetrating injuries.

[*]Unsafe situations.[/list]

[b]1.[/b] One of the EMS/firefighters applies cervical stabilization while sitting in the back of the vehicle,
behind the vicitim.

[b]2.[/b] Additional EMS/Firefighter applies the correct collar to aid with the cervical stabiliation.

[b]3.[/b] Place the backboard next to the victim.

[b]4.[/b] Turn the victim towards the opening of the door so the victim is perpendicular to the steering
wheel.

[b]5.[/b] Lower the patient on the backboard, while maintaining a secure grip of the head and back for
stabilization.
[b]6.[/b] Slide the patient further up on the backboard.[/list]

[size=120]4.4.3[/size] [size=110][b]Removing the door[/b][/size][list=none][b]1.[/b] Take the Jaws of Life

(JOL's) out of the Engine (Spreaders-Cutters) and connect it to the Hydraulic Outlet of the pump.

[b]2.[/b] Walk with the JOL's to the door you're deciding to cut open and check if there's a gap large
enough for the cutters to fit in, if not check if it's large enough for the spreaders.

[b]3.[/b] If there isn't a gap large enough use the Halligan Bar to create a bigger gap.

[b]4.[/b] Use the Spreaders to make the gap large enough to fit for the cutters.

[b]5.[/b] Use the Cutters to cut through the hinges of the vehicles door.

[b]6.[/b] By now, the door would fall out of its frame.[/list]

[size=120]4.4.4[/size] [size=110][b]Removing the roof[/b][/size][list=none][b]1.[/b] Remove the

windshield using a Glas-Master, use the pin to smash a hole large enough for the saw.

[b]2.[/b] Use the saw of the Glas-Master to saw the bottom of the windshield.

[b]3.[/b] Take the Jaws of Life and use the cutters to cut through pillars A, B, C and D of the vehicle.

[b]4.[/b] Remove the roof off the car with another firefighter, slide it to the trunk and eventually onto
the ground.[/list]

[size=120]4.4.5[/size] [size=110][b]Freeing the legs[/b][/size][list=none][b]1.[/b] Take the Hydraulic Ram

from the Engine.

[b]2.[/b] Place the Hydraulic Ram between the floor of the car and the dashboard.

[b]3.[/b] Press the button on the Hydraulic Ram, which makes it extend and push the dashboard up.[/list]
[/list]

[size=120]4.5[/size] [size=110][b]Aftermath[/b][/size][list][*]Check for remaining hazards (other fires,

other active leaks etcetera).

[*]Call for the Wrecker (FD Towtruck) via METRO or contact an impounding unit over the departmental
from CITY, PD or SD to get the vehicle towed away from the scene.[/list][/divbox]

[/quote]