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Absolute zero and the Kelvin scale of temperature

Pressure and volume relationship of a gas – Boyle's Pressure and temperature relationship of a g
law

Volume and temperature relationship of a gas –

Charles' law
The Pressure Law
Pressure and temperature relationship of a gas – the
Pressure Law

The gas equation The pressure law states:

GCSE Physics: All Topics

"For a fixed mass of gas, at a constant volume, the pressure
(p) is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (T)."
Pressure ∝ Temperature
Pressure
= constant
Temperature

The animation below gives and explanation of the Pressure law:

A sealed cylinder with no leaks contains a fixed mass. The volume of the gas is kept constant by
a cylinder with a fixed roof capable of withstanding high pressures.The gas pressure is created b
collision of the moving gas particles with each other and against the walls of the cylinder.

The following set up is used to investigate the relationship between temperature and pressure fo
gas. Heat energy is applied to the cylinder and the temperature of the gas increases. The averag
velocity of the gas particles increases resulting in an increase in the rate of collisions and the ave
force per collision. Because the areas of the walls are kept constant, the force per unit area incre
resulting in an increase in pressure.
Plotting the pressure (p) against the absolute temperature (T) gives a straight line which when
extrapolated passes through the origin. This shows the pressure of the gas is directly proportion
the absolute temperature of the gas. Doubling the temperature will double the pressure for a fix
mass of gas at constant volume. The gradient of the slope is the constant in Charles’ Law. It also
that if the gas is cooled to absolute zero then the energy of the molecules is at the lowest energ
and therefore cannot generate any pressure.

Pressure Law Example:

Using the example of the sealed cylinder above the pressure of gas is recorded as 1.0 x 105
N/m2 at a temperature of 0°C. The cylinder is heated further till the thermometer records
150°C. What is the pressure of the gas?

Solution:
We know

p/T = constant

therefore,

p1/T1 = p2/T2

p1 = 1.0 x 105 N/m2

T1 = 0°C = 0+273 = 273K (remember to convert from Celsius to Kelvin)
T2 = 150°C = 150+273 = 423K
p2 =?

p1/T1 = p2/T2

p1x T2
p2 =
T1
 p2 1.0 x 105 x 423

=
273

= 1.54 x 105 N/m2

Next: The Gas Equation

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