PERFECTMODALS

Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning.

1. You were wrong to study so late! You shouldn’t …have ……studied so late
2. Did you manage to stop him? Were you able to stop him?
3. It wasn’t necessary to work hard. I didn’t needn’t have to worked hard
4. Perhaps Tim has lost his way. Tim might have lost his way.
5. It was possible for you to hurt yourself. You could have hurt yourself
6. It would have been a good idea to tell me. You should have told me
7. I’m sure the class enjoyed it. The class must have enjoyed it
8. I helped her but it wasn’t necessary. I needn’t have to helped her.
9. It was a mistake to leave. You ought not to have left.
10. I’m sure the butler didn’t do it. The butler can’t have done it.

For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no
more tan three words. Contractions count as one word.

1. I’m sure you dropped your wallet at the bus stop.

You must have dropped your wallet at the bus stop.
2. Maybe Joanna missed the last bus.
Joanna ____might have missed the last bus.
3. Peter knew how to skate when he was twelve.
Peter ___was able to skate when he was twelve.
4. Emma was wrong not to tell you the answer.
Emma _should have told you the answer.
5. It wasn’t necessary for us to pay to get in.
We _needn’t have to payed to get in.
6. I’m sure that Diana didn’t take your books.
Diana _mustn’t have taken your books.
7. Perhaps David didn’t notice you.
David _might not have _noticed you.
8. Terry arrived early, but it wasn’t necessary.
Terry needn’t have to arrived early.
9. It wasn’t necessary for me to buy any food yesterday.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
I didn’t have to bought any food yesterday.
given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word
10. It was a bad idea for us to be rude to the policeman!
given.
We shouldn’t have been rude to the policeman!
1. It wasn’t necessary for me to go out after all. Have
I …………… needn’t have gone out …………………. after all
2. There was a plan for jack to become manager, but he left. Was
Jack was able to become manager, but he left.
3. It was a mistake for you to buy that car. Bought
You shouldn’t have bought that car.
4. I don’t think that Sally enjoyed her holiday. Have
 Complete each sentence so that it contains the words in bold

1. I’m completely soaked! We should have taken an umbrella.

should / umbrella
2. I’ve lost my bag. I think I …must have left it in the bus
must /bus
3. I tried to phone Sam, but I couldn’t have get through couldn’t /get through

4. I forgot Kate’s birthday. I should have bought her a present

should /present
5. The cat doesn’t like fruit! It can’t have eaten the orange
can’t / orange
6. Jo isn’t here yet. I suppose she might have lost the address.
might /address
Rewrite7.each
I didsentence
badly in so
thethat
test. itI ought to have
does not studied
contain theharder.
phrase in bold italics.
ought /harder
1. If8.I were
It’s ayou I’d take
shame morego
we didn’t exercise.
on holiday. We could have had fun.
In your place
could/ funI would do more exercise.
2. I expect the plane will land soon
I guess the plane will land soon.
3. You are not allowed to use a dictionary.
You mustn’t use a dictionary.
Rewrite each sentence so that it contains can’t, might, must, should or needn’t

1. I’m sure that David took your books by mistake.

David must have taken your books by mistake.

2. It was a mistake to park outside the police station.

We shouldn’t have parked outside the police station.

3. It was unnecessary for you to clean the floor.

You needn’t to clean the floor

4. I’m sure that Liz hasn’t met Harry before.

Liz mustn’t have met Harry before.

5. Ann possibly hasn’t left yet.

Ann might not have left yet.

6. I’m sure they haven’t eaten all the food. It’s not possible!

They mustn’t have eaten all the food.

7. Jack is supposed to have arrived half an hour ago.

Jack should have arrived half an hour ago.