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Online Activity #6
1. What is Auto transformer motor starter? (3 pts)
>An Auto Transformer Starter is suitable for attached motors, both star and delta.
The starting current in this method is limited by the use of a three-phase auto
transformer to reduce the voltage applied to the initial stator.

2. What is the working principle of Auto transformer motor starter? (5 pts)

>When the switch S's handle H is in position START. The auto transformer 's
primary connects to the supply line, and the motor is connected to the auto
transformer's secondary. The handle H is quickly moved to the RUN position when
the motor picks up the speed of about 80 per cent of its rated value.

3. Theory of Auto transformer motor starter. (5 pts)

>Auto-transformer starter (Variable Autotransformer) can be used with any
squirrel cage induction motor, motor supplied through taps of three-phase auto
transformer starter. In Auto-transformer Starter, Motor is directly connected on
secondary of autotransformer.
4. Give at least 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Auto transformer motor starter. (5pts)
Advantages
*Its efficiency is more when compared with the conventional one.
* Its size is relatively smaller
* Lower cost
* Low requirements of excitation current

Disadvantages
* Larger short-circuit current
* No isolation exists between the primary and secondary windings
* Only useful for moderately smaller voltage changes

5. What is Primary resistance motor starter? (3 pts)

>In situations where limited torque is required to prevent damage to the driven
machinery, primary resistor starters are used to start squirrel cage motors. These
starters are also used with limited inrush of current to prevent excessive
disturbances of power line. ... Starters with primary resistor provide the start of a
closed transition.

6. What is the Operating principle of primary resistance motor starter? (4 pts)

>During startup, voltage drop occurs in the added resistors which provides reduced
voltage across the windings of the stator. With the reduced voltage, the starting
current is lower than when the engine starts at full line voltage
7. Give at least 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of primary resistance motor starter.(5pts)
Advantages
1.They are cost-effective.
2. They have a simple speed control method.
3. They provide low starting current, large starting torque, and large pull-out
torque.
4. Smooth acceleration available.
5. Good flexibility in starting characteristics.

Disadvantages
1. Complicated controller design
2. Require expensive resistor
3. Reduced efficiency because of the slip energy is wasted in the rotor circuit
resistance.
4. Speed changes very widely with load variation.
5. Unbalance in voltages and current of rotor circuit resistances are not equal.
 FINAL EXAM

Explain all the topics that I gave before lockdown. It should be brief and concise. You may use
your hand outs to get an idea on what have you learned on EMTC 127 (Industrial Motor Control)
with a minimum of 5 paragraphs and each paragraph has to have a minimum of 10 sentences.
EXPLAIN EVERYTHING IN YOUR OWN OPINION AND UNDERSTANDING.

INDUSTRIAL MOTOR CONTROL

We depend on electricity but sometimes underestimate its potential to cause injury.
People who engage in electrical activities should be aware of the dangers posed by electricity
such as shock, fire and explosion, and either eliminate or control those hazards. Electrical safety
consists of 21 rules which talks about the do’s and don’ts of engaging in activities regarding
electricity. The rules are important in order to ensure the safety of the people. Among the 21
rules, the most important rule is to never work on an energized circuit except if the power cannot
be disconnected. A piece of equipment can help to think before acting. Workers should not
depend on circuit breakers, fuses which may misguide wrongly and most of all think before
touching any circuit that could cost a life. When dealing with electricity, proper training and
expertise are needed. People who do not have any background about electrical activities are more
likely to encounter hazardous events. This is the reason why the following rules should be
followed accordingly to ensure everyone’s safety.

Tool safety is also another important and common in our lives. Just like electricity, the
tools being used could also cause harm when left disorganized. Hand tools should not be a
substitute to any other tools not intended to its proper usage and should be kept right after being
used to avoid harm. Power tools are associated with electricity, which means that the improper
use and negligence of the tools could be hazardous and may lead to accidents to the workers and
others surrounding the work place. A protective guard's purpose is to protect people from the
machine-related hazards. Guards are designed to keep the hands, arms and body of an operator
from entering a machine's hazard zone. These types of guards physically prevent personnel from
contacting the machinery-related hazards. Safety switches are used primarily to disconnect
fabricating equipment and heavy machinery from their power source. For a number of reasons
you might need to disconnect your equipment from its electrical supply including repairs,
maintenance and emergency stoppage. Electric tools, power abrasive wheels, pneumatic tools
and fuel-powered tools should also be treated with safety in order to prevent any harmful events
in the work place.

In the elements of motor control, when the appropriate motor is selected, the knowledge
of the many various control devices available and their uses and limitations are a vital part of the
efficient operation and safety of the motor and the personnel. The first component of motor
control is the motor control circuit breaker. Motor control circuit breakers are typically used for
load control (on / off) in combination with the contactors. Electro-mechanical links between the
motor circuit breaker and the contactor are available. Some breakers are made in such a way that
it automatically turns back on once the current descends to its operating range. It consists of
three different poles which are the single pole breaker which is typically used in a 120v circuit
having one hot wire and one neutral wire, the double pole breaker has two hot wires that are
connected by a single neutral wire and the triple pole breaker which connected three different
conductors. The second element is the magnetic -- a type of electrical relay found on most
motors powered by electric power. They act as a go-between for direct power sources, and high-
load electric motors to homogenize or regulate changes in electrical frequency that may come
from a power supply as well as serve as a safeguard. Third is the push buttons which is a basic
system for moving to and to various other mechanical and electronic devices, both home and
commercial. In industrial and commercial applications, the push buttons may be connected by
means of a mechanical interface, such that the movement of one button results. Next is the
overload relay. An overload relay is an electrical system used to guard against overheating an
electric motor so adequate motor safety is necessary. With the aid of overload relays, fuses, an
electric motor can be operated safely. Overload relay is the one which protects the motor.

The pilot light includes the remote component's on / off state inside the control system. It
is an electric lamp used in combination with a monitor, showing the functioning of the monitor
by means of location or colour; an indicator light or control light. Terminal blocks Terminal
blocks are modular, insulated blocks that jointly secure two or more wires. Terminal blocks are
used to protect and/or terminate wires, and consist of numerous individual terminals arranged in
a long strip in their simplest form. Terminals are useful for connecting wiring to a base or for
connecting electrical switches and outlets to the mains in case of electrical control. Terminal
blocks usually have two functions, linking separate circuits together, and providing a circuit with
an electric base. Grounding, of course, provides a safe route for terminating a circuit, reducing
the risk of short circuits within your system or serious injury to your team members. Motor
control time delay relays, much like a normal relay, allow us to control a switch electrically. We
always rely on a coil to be energized and once the coil is energised, a switch can either be opened
or closed depending on the type of relay used. The two basic types are: on-delay—it provides a
change to the state of the contacts that are controlled by the energizing of the timer and the off-
delay timer coil is labelled the same way as other loads are identified in ladder diagrams with the
exception of the abbreviation of TD to indicate time delay.

From the electrical safety, tools safety and motor control, it is important to take note and
understand the following in order to observe safety and precautions in the workplace. Training
workers to work safely around electrical hazards is a critical requirement to maintain the safety
of workers. Electricity is a major occupational danger that can lead to serious injury and even
deaths if the workers are not trained properly. Workers should be instructed on healthy tool-work
procedures. Good practices cannot be followed adequately when transporting or storing such
devices, however. Tools can pose a safety risk when they are misplaced or improperly handled
by workers. Reduced the likelihood of injury & accidents-Safety reduces the chance of
occurrence of accidents or injuries. Increased efficiency-A safe working atmosphere with
sufficient security allows an employee to concentrate on their job rather than the risk or threat.
Health prevents injuries and therefore decreases missed hours of work.