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Electrostatic Treatment
of Crude Oil
Pam Boschee
Oil and Gas Facilities Editor
must be larger than those used for conductivity can increase several times such as surface films adsorbed on
lower-viscosity oils or the temperature from ambient temperature to process the droplet’s surface, dispersion
must be increased to lower the viscosity temperature in the treater. The effect of fines around the droplets, and
to achieve effective dehydration. of increased crude oil conductivity interfacial tension.
However, there is an upper limit in an AC treater is a decreased Electrostatic fields generate
of approximately 300°F for most electrostatic field, leading to less forces that can create conditions
dehydration processes. effective dehydration because the lower for improved coalescence of water
Higher operating temperatures voltage fields cannot reach the small droplets, resulting in improved
require increased size of treater power water droplets. separation of water from the
units. Larger supply systems and Coalescence of water droplets crude oil.
substations are required to provide the dispersed in crude oil occurs when the Paper SPE 156299 described
power to these units. A disadvantage droplets collide with enough energy three types of primary electrostatic
to this approach is that the increased to overcome barriers to coalescence, forces (Fig. 2).
power results in electrical current
that heats the crude oil and causes
other issues.
Electrostatic Technologies
Used in Treaters
Typically, crude oil dehydration
treaters use retention times, heat,
and alternating current (AC)
electrostatic technology to treat the
oil. Paper SPE 156299 described
methods of enhancing the electrical
field in bulk oil treaters by the use of
combined AC and direct current (DC)
electrostatic technologies.
Crude oil conductivity affects the
electrostatic fields inside the treaters. If
the crude oil conductivity is very low,
the electrostatic charge has difficulty
reaching the dispersed water droplets.
If conductivity is very high, some of
the electrostatic charge may dissipate
into the crude oil and never reach the
water droplets.
The process temperature in the
crude oil treater affects the conductivity Retrofitting a dual polarity unit to a dual frequency unit requires the installation of a
of the crude oil (Fig. 1). The crude oil transformer and an electronic control system.
TABLE 1—TREATER SIZES REQUIRED TO TREAT 50,000 BOPD OF WET CRUDE TO 0.2% BASIC SEDIMENT AND WATER
Crude Brine salinity Inlet BS&W Temperature Vessel diameter Length Length Savings
Technology
API° (%) (%) °C (ft) (ft) (%)
Conventional AC 18 4 15 100 14 94 –
Dual polarity 18 4 15 100 14 78 17
Dual frequency 18 4 15 100 14 58 38
Conventional AC 30 12 15 40 12 56 –
Dual polarity 30 12 15 40 12 46 18
Dual frequency 30 12 15 40 12 36 36