University of Cagayan Valley

SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

Balzain, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

PRELIM: WEEK 2
LESSON 1: LITERATURE, ITS DIVISIONS AND ELEMENTS (continuation)

Types of literature
Literature of Power
This includes books which communicate the author’s vision of life and interpretation of the facts
of the general existence, giving them meaning and significance.

Literature of Knowledge
- The primary purpose of this literature is to give information such as history books.

Understanding Poetry
DICTION
The poet describes his experience in words- the diction of the poem.
Denotation- a word applies to the specific meaning of a word.
Connotation- applies to what the word suggests.
 the connotation of a word is important to a poet because it allows him to evoke an emotional
response from a reader.

IMAGERY
- A poet shares his experience with the reader through vivid images. In other words, a poet is
often painting a picture in words and he suggests colors, sounds, movements.

SYMBOL
Closely related to metaphor and often difficult to distinguish from it is the symbol.
An image of one thing that stands for another.

TOPIC 3: ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE

 University of Cagayan Valley
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION
Balzain, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

 ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE

All fiction is based on conflict and this conflict is presented in a structured format
called PLOT.

There are a number of different elements to a plot.

They include:

A. Exposition

 The introductory material which gives the setting, creates the tone, presents the
characters, and presents other facts necessary to understanding the story.

B. Foreshadowing

 The use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story.

C. Inciting force

 The event or character that triggers the conflict.

D. Conflict

 The essence of fiction. It creates plot. The conflict we encounter can usually be
identified as one of four kinds.

Man versus…

Man Nature

Society Self

E. Rising action

 A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting force
and ends with the climax.

F. Crisis

 The conflict reaches a turning point. At this point, the opposing forces meet in the
story and the conflict becomes more intense. The crisis occurs before or at the
same time as the climax.

G. Climax
 University of Cagayan Valley
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION
Balzain, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

 The climax is the result of the crisis. It is the high point of the story for the reader.
Frequently, it is the moment of the highest interest and greatest emotion. The
point at which the outcome of the conflict can be predicted.

H. Falling Action

 The events after the climax which close the story.

I. Resolution (denouement)

 Rounds out and concludes the action.

-----------------------------------------END OF
DISCUSSION-------------------------------------------------

Q U I Z T I M E!!!