UINVERSITY OF BAGHDAD

AL-KHWARIZMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

"DWT BASED BEAT RATE DETECTION IN ECG ANALYSIS"

BY: Noor Jamal

SUPERVISED BY: Dr. Nameer Al-Azzawi

OUTLINE
Project Title : DWT Based Beat Rate Detection In ECG Analysis

 INTRODUCTION

 PROPLEM STATMENT

 OBJECTIVE

 MY PROJECT

 CONCLUSION AND WHAT IS NEXT?

 INTRODUCTION
Wavelet transform is a linear transformation in which the basis functions (except the first) are
scaled and shifted versions of one function, called the “mother wavelet.” If the wavelet can be
selected to resemble components of the image, then a compact representation results. The
wavelet theory gives a stable mathematical foundation to understand the properties of such
multiscale algorithms. Wavelet transform (WT) have growing impact on signal processing
theory and practice. This is because of two reasons: (1)unifying role of wavelet transform and (2)
their successes in wide variety of application. Wavelets are families of functions generated from
one signal function, called an analyzing wavelet or mother wavelet , by means of scaling and
translating operations.

There are two types of Wavelet Transform :

 Continous wavelet trnasform (CWT).

 Discret wavelet transform (DWT).

Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) : The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is an

implementation of the wavelet transform using a discrete set of the wavelet scales and
translations obeying some defined rules. The set of wavelets then forms an orthonormal basis
which we use to decompose the signal. The implementation of DWT through Filter bank or
Liftinhg scheme. Or Discrete Wavelet Transform is a technique to transform image pixels into
wavelets, which are then used for wavelet-based compression and coding. The DWT is defined
as:

Wφ(j0,k)=1/√M ∑xf(x)φj0,k(x)

PROBLEM STATMENT
NOISING IN ECG SIGNAL

ECG signal has been used for recognising much variability's of heart activity, so it is very
important to get the parameters of ECG signal clear without noise. In order to support clinical
decisionmaking, reasoning tool to the ECG signal must be clearly represented and filtered, to
remove out all noises and artifacts from the signal .This kind of signals have a no-stationary
behavior, it means the behavior through the time is changing every time window. For this
reason, the pre-processing, processing, and analysis should be different of the deterministic
and stationary signals.
  The ideal state is you have a device that measures the body’s signals, it is desired that
the information stored or transmitted have high quality and low redundancy.

 Noise can affect the reading and interpretation of the signal, a pre-processing step is
desirable before the computer analysis. Because the external noise does not have a
specific band and its frequency is commonly superposed to the biomedical frequency,
it is necessary to design an intelligent model which can be adaptable to different kind of
signals.

 One of the methods used in the last years to examine biomedical signals in general is
filtering with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)

 The summery is the wavelet transform allows processing nonstationary signals such as
ECG signal. This assists greatly to remove the noise in the certain pass band of
frequency.

OBJECTIVES:
As we mentioned befor ECG provides an important information about cardiovascular
performance, it is a noninvasive technique utilized as a main diagnostic appliance for
cardiovascular diseases. The clear ECG signal supply valuable information about the
electrophysiology of the heart diseases and ischemic changes that may happen. The purpose is
to detect heart beat rate by the concept of DWT, which is suitable for non sationary ECG signals
as it has adeuate scale values and shifting in time.
MY PROJECT:
DWT BASED BEAT RATE DETECTION IN ECG ANALYSIS
The ECG signal includes P-QRS-T waves ).The bandwidth of ECG signal between (0.5 -100)
Hz.Commonly, the ECG analysis can be performed through 4 steps: Acquiring step, in which the
ECG signal is acquired as a result of leads voltage differences. According to its dynamic range
which is between (0.5-100) Hz, the ECG signal suffers from the baseline wonder noise and the
power line interference, this shows the need for a step to remove these noises namely
de-noising step. The third step in the ECG analysis system is the feature extraction of the clean
ECG signal, while the fourth step is the diagnosis of the ECG signal based on its features. And
the down figure illustrate the steps .

 Preprocessing: denoising -------<basline wndering

the wavlet transform is used pre-filtering step for susquent R spike detection by thresholding
of the cofficients.

1) decomposing 2) thresholding 3) reconstruction

 Feature extraction using DWT:

1) detect R-waves 2)thresholding : positive and negative threshold

CONCLUSION AND WHAT IS NEXT?
Wavelet analysis is widely used in many application. Because it provide both time and
frequency information, can overcome the limitation of Fourier Transform. We can learn about
the wavlet transform which is able to detect beat rate of signal.

REFRENCES:
 Text book of Discrete wavelet transform: theory and applications by Juuso T.Okkonen.

 SinceDirect Topics\Wavelet transform.

 Text book of Efficient Algorithem for DWT by Arvind Tiwari.

 Text book of image proceesing by Jayaraman.

 DWT in biomedical signals .

 ECG signal Denosising and Feature Extraction using Discrete Wavelet Transform
research.

 Applications of DWT in beat rate detection resarch by Jian-Hwu Wang.