A presentation on

WAVELET TRANSFORM & ECG SIGNAL

ANALYSIS USING WAVELET TRANSFORM
In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree
 
Of
 
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
In
INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

Presented To:-
Presented By:- Dr. Shankar K.
Samdar Singh(2025105) (Assistant Professor)
 OVERVIEW
 Our main objective is to study the wavelet transform ,its pros over
Fourier.
 TO know what is a Wavelet.
 ECG SIGNAL ANALYSIS USING WVT.
 DETERMINATION OF QRS PEAK & HEART RATE DETECTION USING
WAVELET TRANSFORM
FOURIER TRANSFORM and its LIMITATIONS
•Fourier transform is a mathematical operation to convert a
time domain data into a frequency domain data for better
and easy analysing purpose.
•It decomposes a function into it’s sine or cosine frequency
components.
•FT reveals the nature of a signal from frequency spectrum
and it is a powerful tool for stationary signal analysis.
•Fourier transform does not represents abrupt changes
efficiently as the sum of
the sine waves are not well localized in time or space and it
oscillates forever
FOURIER TRANSFORM and its LIMITATIONS
To show the limitations of F.T, lets us consider a multi-frequency signal
FOURIER TRANSFORM and its LIMITATIONS
• we can not tell at what time which frequency component is present.

• To accurately analyse these signals for abrupt changes we need to localised

in transform.
 STFT
• STFT was developed to overcome the poor time resolution of Fourier transform.
• Here some portion of non-stationary signals is selected and assumed to be
stationary.
• We then take Fourier transform of each stationary portion along the signal and
add them uptime and frequency
LIMITATIONS OF STFT :
• Time and Frequency is fixed for finite length hence we cannot know what
frequency exists at what time interval
• Have to scarifies either od resolution

good time resolution good frequency resolution

but poor frequency but poor time Resolution
WAVELET FUNCTION
• Real world data or signal frequency exhibits slowly changing trends or
oscillations punctuated with transients.

• Images has smooth regions interrupted by edges or abrupt changes in contrast.

• Fourier transform does not represents abrupt changes efficiently since the sum of
sine waves are not well localized in time or space.
• Therefore Wavelet transform is introduced which overcome both the limitations
of Fourier transform and STFT.
• Wavelet is a rapidly decaying wavelike oscillation which has zero mean and
exists for finite duration.
STEPS INVOLVED :
1)Take a wavelet compare it from the start of the original signal, and calculate that
correlation coefficient C.

2) Shift the wavelet to right and repeat the step 1 for the entire signal.
3) Scale the wavelet & repeat step 1 &2 .

4) Repeat steps 1 to 3 for all the scales.

COMPLETE PROCESS
ECG SIGNAL ANALYSIS USING WVT
•Lets discuss one of the applications of WVT i.e. ECG signal analysis.
•So before going in to the details lets see how an ECG signal looks like:-
ECG SIGNAL ANALYSIS USING WVT:
FLOW CHART :
OBTAINING R PEAK SIGNAL FROM BANDPASS FILTER
ELIMINATING HIGH AND LOW FREQUENCY COEFFICIENTS
• Here an are approx. coefficient, and d are detail coefficient.
• a4, d1,d2 are eliminated
• d3,d4 are considered which gives the frequency that is to be preserved.
• The signal obtained by using only d3,d4 is transformed using inverse wavelet
transform.
• Now by computing number of R peaks for a given time interval the rate of heart
beat can be found out.

FINAL OUTPUT SIGNAL WITH R PEAK

QRS PEAK AND HEART RATE DETECTION
USING WAVELET TRANSFORM
• QRS is the combination of 3 deflections seen in ECG.
• It is produced due to depolarization of the right and left ventricles and contraction of
large ventricular muscles.
• Amplitude of QRS = 5 to 30 mm.
• Duration is 0.06 to 0.12s.
• Analysis are useful in diagnosing cardiac arrhythmia ,conduction abnormalities etc.
• Shape of abnormal QRS varies from normal signal.
• Tall QRS caused by hypertrophy of one or both ventricles or by an abnormal
pacemakers.
• Low voltage or small QRS may be seen in obese patients and hyper thyroid patients
THANK YOU