PAST HSC QUESTIONS 2012 - 2018

PDHPE Revision: HSC Exam Questions

For each question, identify the relevant syllabus dot point/s and dash point/s. Then set out an answer summary that briefly
shows the content, paragraph lay out, and examples you would use in your answer.

Core 1 - Health Priorities in Australia

CQ1 - How are priority issues for Australia’s health identified?
Q1. Discuss how epidemiological data is used to identify specific priority population groups? 4

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Q2. Identify reasons for differences in life expectancy between males and females. 3

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GLENWOOD HIGH SCHOOL 1

 PAST HSC QUESTIONS 2012 - 2018

Q3. Outline TWO indicators of morbidity. Include examples in your answer. 3

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Q4. Why is it important to prioritise health issues in Australia? Include examples in your answer.
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GLENWOOD HIGH SCHOOL 2

CQ 2 – What are the priority issues for improving
Australia’s health?
Q1. To what extent is access to health care facilities and services equitable for all
Australians? 8

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Q2. Explain the determinants that contribute to the health inequities experienced by
ONE priority population group other than Indigenous Australians. In your answer,
provide specific examples. 7

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Q3. Explain the nature and extent of health inequities within Australia for one group
OTHER than Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. 5

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Q4. Explain the roles of individuals, communities and governments in addressing the health
inequities experienced by ONE group other than Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
peoples. 8

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Q5. Outline TWO socioeconomic determinants that contribute to health inequities

experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
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Q6. Explain the role of individuals, communities and governments in addressing health
inequities experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders peoples. Use examples
to support your answer. 8

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Q7. Explain both the risk factors and protective factors of cardiovascular disease. 5

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Q8. Explain a range of protective factors that could reduce the risk of developing
cardiovascular disease. 6

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Q9. Outline strategies that reduce the risk of skin cancer. 3

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Q10. Breast cancer and lung cancer are two common cancers in Australia. What are the
determinants of these cancers and why do they put some groups more at risk than the
general population? 7

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Q11. Outline TWO groups most at risk of cardiovascular disease in Australia. 3

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Q12.Describe the determinants of health that affect a preventable condition in Australia
OTHER THAN cancer or cardiovascular disease. Use examples to support your answer.
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Q13. To what extent does Australia’s health care system benefit from having a healthy
ageing population. 8

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Q14. Describe the impact of a growing and ageing population on the health system and
services. 3

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Q15. Outline THREE types of carer or volunteer organisations available to help meet
the needs of Australia’s ageing population.
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CQ 3 – What role do health care facilities and services play
in achieving better health for all Australians?
Q1. Identify FOUR different types of health facilities or services in Australia. 2

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Q2 . What are the responsibilities of each of the three levels of government for the
delivery of health services in Australia? 4

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Q3. Coronary stents and laser eye surgery have both been developed in the last 30
years. Describe the impact of emerging treatments and technologies, on health care..... 4

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Q4. Discuss the impact of emerging new treatments and technologies in relation to
health care in Australia. Use examples to support your answer. 5

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Q5. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of Medicare. ........................................ 5

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Q6. What are the advantages to Australians having a public health care system? 3

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Q7. Using examples, describe the difference between alternative health therapies and
complementary health therapies. 5
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Q8. What should consumers consider before choosing complementary and/or alternative
health care approaches?
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Q9. How equitable is access to health care services and facilities for all parts of the
community? 8

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CQ 4 – What actions are needed to address Australia’s
health priorities?
Q1. Explain how health services in Australia have been reoriented to address ONE
health promotion initiative. 4

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Q2. Explain how health services in Australia have been reoriented to address ONE health
promotion initiative. 4
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Q3. By referring to TWO health promotion initiatives, analyse the role of ‘Developing
Personal Skills’ and ‘Building Healthy Public Policy’ in addressing the incidence of
road and traffic related injuries in Australia. 10

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Q4. Discuss how the principles of social justice apply to responsibilities of individuals,
communities and governments, under TWO action areas of the Ottawa Charter. ...... 8

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Q5. How do the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter address the principles of social
justice? Include examples in your answer. 8

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Q6. To what extent do action areas of the Ottawa Charter influence health promotion
initiatives in Australia? In your answer, provide specific examples of health promotion
initiatives. 8

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Q6. Outline using an example, how ‘building healthy public policy’ has been applied to
the prevention of lung cancer. 3

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Core 2 – Factors Affecting Performance
CQ 1 – How does training affect performance?
Q1 . Compare the TWO anaerobic energy systems. 5

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Q2. Comment on the efficiency of ATP production in the alactacid (ATP/PC) system. 3

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Q3. Describe how different strength-training methods affect an athlete’s performance.4

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Q4. Identify THREE aspects of strength training you would manipulate for an athlete
wanting to improve endurance as opposed to an athlete wanting to improve power. 4

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Q5. How can THREE principles of training be applied to improve strength? Provide
examples. 6

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Q6 . How can flexibility improve athletic performance? 3

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Q7. Outline THREE physiological adaptations in response to aerobic training. 3

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Q8. Describe the effect of stroke volume and cardiac output on aerobic performance. 3

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Q9. Compare the responses of fast and slow twitch muscle fibres to training. 3

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CQ 2 – How can psychology affect performance?
Q1. Describe TWO different types of motivation that can affect performance. Provide
examples. 3

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Q2 . Explain how different types of motivation can affect an athlete’s performance. 4

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Q3 How do anxiety and arousal differ in terms of their effect on athletic performance?4

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Q4. Explain why the optimal level of arousal varies for different sports. 5

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Q5. How can psychological strategies enhance motivation and manage anxiety in athletes?
Include examples in your answer. 8

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Q6. Justify the psychological strategies used by athletes to enhance their motivation and
to manage anxiety. 8

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CQ 3 – How can nutrition and recovery strategies affect
performance?
Q1. Compare the dietary requirements of athletes in TWO sports that have different
nutritional needs. Provide relevant examples. 6

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Q2 . Outline the post-performance dietary considerations of an endurance athlete. 3

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Q3. Using examples, explain how specific vitamins and /or mineral affect athletic
performance. 5

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Q4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of protein supplementation and creatine
supplementation for improved athletic performance? 5

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Q5. Describe the different recovery strategies used by athletes to improve performance. Provide
examples. 8

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Q6. Explain why marathon runners use physiological and neural strategies during
recovery. Use examples to support your answer. 8

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CQ 4 – How does the acquisition of skill affect
performance?
Q1. Outline the stages of skill acquisition. 3

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Q2. Outline, using specific examples, the types of feedback that are appropriate at each
stage of skill acquisition. 4

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Q3. Describe the stages of skill acquisition that an athlete should typically pass through
when developing a skill. 5

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Q4. Describe THREE characteristics of a learner that can influence his/her ability to learn
a new skill. 4

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 Q5. Outline the influence of prior experience on skill acquisition. 3

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Q6. Outline how regular feedback can lead to the successful development of an athlete.
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Q7. Why is it important for an athlete to develop the elements of performance? 8

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Q8. Evaluate how the characteristics of a skilled performer can be used to apprise elite
performance. 7
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Q9. Why are both objective and subjective performance measures appropriate in the
assessment of an athletic performance? 5

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Q10. Justify a coach’s use of objective and subjective performance measures to

appraise the performance of an athlete. Provide relevant examples.
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Q11. Using examples, distinguish between valid tests and reliable tests of athletic
performance. 5

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Q12. How can the skill and performance attributes of athletes be validly and reliably
appraised? 8

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Option – sports Medicine
CQ 1 – How are sports injuries classified and managed?
Q1. An athlete running a 400m race experiences a hamstring strain in the sprint
towards the finish line.
Explain the classification and management of the injury. 8

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Q2. A runner over strides when running downhill and feels a sudden burning pain in
the back of the thigh. Classify this injury and explain the correct method of treatment
for this type of injury. 8

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Q3. Outline types of soft tissue injuries. 3

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Q4. Describe the assessment procedure used to determine the nature and extent of a
sports injury. 5

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CQ 2 – How does sports medicine address the

demands of specific athletes?
Q1. To what extent do the specific needs of children and young athletes have to be
considered for them to participate safely in sport? 12

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Q2. How does sports medicine address the medical conditions of children and young
athletes? 5

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Q3. How are the needs of adult and aged athletes with medical conditions addressed to
enable their continued participation in sport?
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Q4. Explain the physical activity options available for aged people with medical
conditions. 8
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Q5. Why do iron deficiency and lower bone density affect female athletes? 8

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Q6. Outline how problems associated with iron deficiency and bone density can affect
female participation in sport.
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CQ 3 – What role do preventative actions play in

enhancing the wellbeing of the athlete?
Q1. Explain how athletes in a range of different sports physically prepare to prevent
injury. 8

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Q2. Explain the physical preparation needed by an athlete in order to prevent injury. In
your answer, provide examples from different sports.
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Q3. To what extent do specific sports policies promote safe participation? 12

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Q4. Assess how sports policy and the environment enhance the physical wellbeing of the
athlete. 12
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Q5. Evaluate strategies athletes use in order to perform competitively in different
climatic conditions. 12

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Q6. Why are acclimatisation and fluid intake effective strategies for supporting the body’s
temperature regulation mechanisms? 12

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Q7. Evaluate the strategies an athlete may employ to support the body’s mechanism for
regulating temperature. 12
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Q8. Evaluate the role taping and bandaging plays in both the prevention and treatment
of injury. 6

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Q9 . To what extent is taping effective in preventing sports injuries? 8

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CQ 4 – How is injury rehabilitation managed?

Q1. Describe rehabilitation procedures used to manage injuries. 8

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Q2 . Justify the rehabilitation procedures used to manage specific sporting injuries. 12

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Q3. How are skill and physical tests used to indicate an athlete’s readiness to return to play
after injury? 8

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Q4. Evaluate policies and procedures that address ethical considerations in determining
when an athlete returns to play from injury. 12

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Option – Improving Performance
CQ 1 – How do athletes train for improved performance?
Q1. Describe training adaptations and how they can be measured and monitored in
TWO of the following training types:
• Strength training
• Aerobic training
• Anaerobic training
• Flexibility training
• Skill training
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Q2. How do different types of training improve performance in various sports? 8

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Q3. Explain both safe and potentially harmful training procedures related to TWO
training types. 8

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CQ 2 - What are the planning considerations for improving

performance?
Q1. Outline the initial planning considerations for individual athletes looking to
improve their performance.
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Q2 . How does planning for performance differ for elite and amateur athletes? 8

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Q3. Explain why periodisation would be included in a training year. 5

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Q4. Justify how each of the periodisation phases is used when planning a training year.
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Q5. Justify each of the elements that need to be considered when designing a training
session. 12

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Q6. A training session is being designed for an activity of your choice.
Justify each element that should be considered for the session. 12

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Q7. Explain the relationship between planning and the avoidance of overtraining. 8

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Q8. Evaluate the effectiveness of processes used to identify and manage an over trained
athlete? 12

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Q9. Explain how athletes can identify and avoid risks of overtraining. 8

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CQ 3 – What ethical issues are related to improving

performance?
Q1. Evaluate the risks and ethical issues related to the use of drugs to improve
performance. 12

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Q2. What is ONE benefit and ONE limitation of drug testing? 2

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Q3. Explain the advantages and disadvantages related to drug testing elite athletes. 8

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Q4. Evaluate the use of performance enhancing drugs by elite athletes.
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Q5. Explain the ethical issues associated with the use of technology in sport. 8

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Q5. Discuss the ethical issues associated with the use of technology in sport. 12
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