JAPAN & INDIA

EDUCATION:
As we know, education plays a vital role in building the nation as well an individual. No
nation can survive without providing quality education to its citizens. This is because
education helps an individual grow mentally and emotionally, which in return helps turning a
nation to become a “super power”.
Indian education system –
If we talk about our Indian education system, then we must be knowing that due to the
influence of the British, we adopted English education system.
Secondly, on the recommendation of the Education Commission of 1964-66, we adopted
10+2+3 pattern of education. This means, study of 10 years school, then 2 years of junior
school and then 3 years of graduation.
Thirdly, to promote education, various articles from the Indian Constitution state that free and
compulsory education must be given to children till 14 years of age as it is their fundamental
right.
Another important feature of the Indian education system is that along with academics, equal
focus is given on extracurricular activities which includes, sports, art, dance, music, National
Service Scheme, National Cadet Corps etc.
In fact, our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi said in an interview that our education system
should learn from the Japanese education system when he paid a visit to the Taimei
Elementary School in Japan. He also said that one should learn “moral education” and
“discipline” from Japan.
INVESTMENT DONE ON EDUCATION BY INDIA : As a part of the tenth Five year Plan
(2002–2007), the central government of India outlined an expenditure of 65.6% of its total
education budget of 438 billion (US$6.7 billion) i.e. 288 billion (US$4.4 billion) on
elementary education; 9.9% i.e. 43.25 billion (US$660 million) on secondary education;
2.9% i.e. 12.5 billion (US$190 million) on adult education; 9.5% i.e. 41.765 billion (US$640
million) on higher education; 10.7% i.e. 47 billion(US$720 million) on technical education;
and the remaining 1.4% i.e. 6.235 billion (US$96 million) on miscellaneous education
schemes.
Japanese education system –
Now, coming to the Japanese education system, they adopted French education system.
Secondly, Japan follows “6+3+3+4” pattern of education. This means, 6 years of elementary
school, 3 years of junior high school, then again 3 years of senior high school and in the end,
4 years of graduation. In fact, 9 years of education is compulsory in Japan which includes, 6
years of elementary school and 3 years of junior high school. After this, a student is free to
decide whether he/she wants to continue studying or not.
Just like in India, Japan too focuses on extracurricular activities. In fact, extracurricular
activities does not only include dance, art, music etc but also, cleaning the classroom,
gardening etc which is done by the students itself. The main motive behind this is that the
Japanese focus on the importance of “Group Consciousness” as it is the core of the Japanese
society.
One of the most significant feature of the Japanese education system is that, they not only
impart knowledge in the students but also make them loyal to their culture and tradition. This
is the reason why Japanese calligraphy and poetry is taught to the students after the school
hours to keep them in touch with their art, culture and tradition. Apart from this, you will also
find that only some percent of the population in Japan can speak English. This is because, the
Japanese speak their own language and they feel proud of it. But, as this act has its own
disadvantage, therefore, in April 2011, a rule was passed which said that English language
must be taught to the students and it should be the mode of instruction as well.
INVESTMENT DONE ON EDUCATION BY JAPAN : The bulk of the burden for the
financial support of public education in Japan has been transferred gradually from the
municipalities to the prefectures and the national government. Around 50 percent of total
public educational expenditures is provided by the national treasury. This trend resulted from
a series of actions intended to increase the national level of education and to provide a system
of universal education that would eliminate radical differences among the various regions of
the country.

Therefore, in the end we get to know that there is not much difference between the Indian
education system and that of the education system of Japan. But, the most significant
difference is that the Japanese education system imparts knowledge in the students along with
making them known to their society, culture, art and tradition. Whereas, in our Indian
education system, we lack in this aspect because we run towards “westernization” and hence,
leave our society, culture, art and tradition.
 LABOUR

India Japan

rate > Adults 55.6 54.2

Ranked 99th. 3% Ranked
more than Japan

urrent LCU 13.77 trillion 92.71 tr

Ranked 10th. Ranked
times m
India

nt US$ $1.89 trillion $6.15 tr

Ranked 11th. Ranked
times m
India

d > Standard workweek 48 hours 40 hour

Ranked 19th. 20% Ranked
more than Japan

478.3 million 65.7 mi

Ranked 2nd. 7 times Ranked
more than Japan

> By occupation agriculture 60%, agricul

industry 17%, industr
services 23% service

> By occupation > Agriculture 52% 3.9%

Ranked 4th. 13 times Ranked
more than Japan

> By occupation > Industry 14% 26.2%

Ranked 16th. Ranked
more th

> By occupation > Services 34% 69.8%

Ranked 14th. Ranked
times m
India

per 1000 396.72 515.49

Ranked 89th. Ranked
28th. 30
more th

total 484.34 million 65.28 m

Ranked 2nd. 7 times Ranked
more than Japan

mployment index 41 29
Ranked 72nd. 41% Ranked
more than Japan
 India Japan

nt rate 10.8% 5.1%

Ranked 23th. 2 times Ranked
more than Japan

nt US$ per capita $1,525.97 $48,213

Ranked 129th. Ranked
times m
India

total per 1000 391.65 511.76

Ranked 142nd. Ranked
42nd. 3
more th

participation > Employment to population ratio > Both sexes 52.9% 56.6%

Ranked 56th. Ranked
more th

Weeks of wages 55.9 weeks of wages 8.6 wee

Ranked 58th. 7 times wages
more than Japan Ranked

a > Constant LCU 46,531.17 4.2 mill

Ranked 46th. Ranked
times m
India

urrent LCU per capita 11,277.26 725,354

Ranked 59th. Ranked
times m
India

rate > Women 32.4 43.2

Ranked 146th. Ranked
100th. 3
more th

> Total 449.89 million 66.88 m

Ranked 2nd. 7 times Ranked
more than Japan

rate > Men 77.4 66.4

Ranked 41st. 17% Ranked
more than Japan

participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men 77.1% 67.7%

Ranked 8th. 14% Ranked
more than Japan

participation > Employment to population ratio > Men 77.1% 67.7%

Ranked 8th. 14% Ranked
more than Japan

l > Per capita 0.397 per capita 0.521 p

Ranked 142nd. Ranked
24th. 31
 India Japan

more th

l 435.04 million 66.59 m

Ranked 2nd. 7 times Ranked
more than Japan

nt > Youth unemployment, both sexes 10.2% 8%

Ranked 64th. 27% Ranked
more than Japan

omic activity 42.1% 50.8%

Ranked 115th. Ranked
81st. 21
more th

participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women 27.7% 46.3%

Ranked 80th. Ranked
42nd. 6
more th

participation > Employment to population ratio > Women 27.7% 46.3%

Ranked 80th. Ranked
42nd. 6
more th

d > One-person and family businesses > Women 85% 11.4%

Ranked 3rd. 7 times Ranked
more than Japan

> Per capita 457.05 per 1,000 523.33

people people
Ranked 77th. Ranked
34th. 15
more th

tivity > Both sexes aged 30-34 76.85% 79.51%

Ranked 123th. Ranked
106th. 3
more th

rate > Young adults 39.6 40.4

Ranked 88th. Ranked
more th

rom abroad > Current US$ $-18,360,820,447.47 $190.41

Ranked 152nd. Ranked

mittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ per capita 0.894$ 10.03$
Ranked 125th. Ranked
times m
India

mployment index > 0=less rigid to 100=more rigid 30 16

Ranked 73th. 88% Ranked
more than Japan
 India Japan

omic activity growth 4% 3%

Ranked 71st. 33% Ranked
more than Japan

d > One-person and family businesses > Men 79.3% 9.8%

Ranked 1st. 8 times Ranked
more than Japan

rate > Young men 56.4 39.7

Ranked 47th. 42% Ranked
more than Japan

rate > Young women 21.4 41.2

Ranked 133th. Ranked
57th. 93
more th

mittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per capita 920.9$ per 1,000 10,025.
people 1,000 p
Ranked 127th. Ranked
times m
India

tivity > Both sexes aged 65 plus 32.11% 22.43%

Ranked 65th. 43% Ranked
more than Japan

son employed > Constant 1990 PPP $ $7,445.00 $45,587

Ranked 88th. Ranked
times m
India

a > Constant 2000 US$ $1,095.55 $38,075

Ranked 81st. Ranked
times m
India

ant LCU per capita 46,531.17 4.2 mill

Ranked 46th. Ranked
times m
India

participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged above 14 77.7% 69.9%

Ranked 48th. 11% Ranked
more than Japan

participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged above 14 32.2% 46.2%

Ranked 149th. Ranked
99th. 43
more th

participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged 15 to 24 23.7% 41.4%

Ranked 131st. Ranked
57th. 75
more th
 India Japan

nt > Youth unemployment, male 9.8% 8.9%

Ranked 65th. 10% Ranked
more than Japan

mittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ 1.01 billion$ 1.28 bil
Ranked 31st. Ranked
24th. 27
more th

mittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per $ GDP 1.25$ per $1,000 of 0.283$
GDP $1,000
Ranked 112th. 4 times Ranked
more than Japan

LIFESTYLE
AT India Japan HISTO

ateur radio operators 10,679 1.3 million

Ranked 17th. Ranked 1st. 121
times more than
India

od and drink > Beverages and tobacco > % of value added in 12.36% 8.86%
nufacturing Ranked 60th. 40% Ranked 66th.
more than Japan

od and drink > Exports 7.98 0.69

Ranked 81st. 12 Ranked 111th.
times more than
Japan

od and drink > Exports > % of merchandise > Exports 8.89% 0.5%

Ranked 63th. 18 Ranked 109th.
times more than
Japan

od and drink > Imports > % of merchandise imports 4.21% 10.45%

Ranked 115th. Ranked 73th. 2
times more than
India

od and drink > Subway resturants 56 103

Ranked 11th. Ranked 9th. 84%
more than India

od and drink > Subway resturants per million 0.049 0.806

Ranked 73th. Ranked 43th. 16
times more than
India

ppiness level > Very happy 23% 23%

Ranked 24th. The Ranked 26th.
same as Japan

ppiness net 40% 72%

Ranked 36th. Ranked 19th. 80%
more than India

e satisfaction inequality 2.7 2.1

Ranked 20th. 29% Ranked 71st.
more than Japan

ality of life index 74.89 165.44

AT India Japan HISTO

Ranked 46th. Ranked 11th. 2

times more than
India

ECONOMY OVERVIEW
Slightly more than half of the work force is in agriculture, but services are the major source
of economic growth, accounting for nearly two-thirds of India's output, with less than one-
third of its labour force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking
population to become a major exporter of information technology services, business
outsourcing services, and software workers. In 2010, the Indian economy rebounded robustly
from the global financial crisis - in large part because of strong domestic demand - and
growth exceeded 8% year-on-year in real terms.
In late 2012, the Indian Government announced additional reforms and deficit reduction
measures to reverse India's slowdown, including allowing higher levels of foreign
participation in direct investment in the economy. The outlook for India's medium-term
growth is positive due to a young population and corresponding low dependency ratio,
healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy.
India has many long-term challenges that it has yet to fully address, including poverty,
corruption, violence and discrimination against women and girls, an inefficient power
generation and distribution system, ineffective enforcement of intellectual property rights,
decades-long civil litigation dockets, inadequate transport and agricultural infrastructure,
limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, inadequate availability of quality basic
and higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration.

In the years following World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic,
mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP)
helped Japan develop a technologically advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of
the post-war economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and
distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial
portion of the urban labor force. Both features are now eroding under the dual pressures of
global competition and domestic demographic change. Japan's industrial sector is heavily
dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. A small agricultural sector is highly
subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. While self-
sufficient in rice production, Japan imports about 60% of its food on a caloric basis. For three
decades, overall real economic growth had been spectacular - a 10% average in the 1960s, a
5% average in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the
1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the after effects of inefficient investment and
an asset price bubble in the late 1980s that required a protracted period of time for firms to
reduce excess debt, capital, and labor.
Japan in 2012 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after second-place China,
which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, which edged out Japan in 2012. The
new government will continue a longstanding debate on restructuring the economy and
reining in Japan's huge government debt, which exceeds 200% of GDP. Persistent deflation,
reliance on exports to drive growth, and an aging and shrinking population are other major
long-term challenges for the economy.