Mandinka - English Dictionary

prepared by

Peace Corps The Gambia

PO Box 582
Banjul
The Gambia
tel: 220 392466

1995
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D E R O L V K  YER D G Y D Q W D J H R X V  DGMQDIDDPDD D O R Q H  QNXQNLOLØNXØNLOLØWDDODD
D E R U W  YNRQRRWLxDD D G Y L F H  Q\DDPDURR\DDPDULURR D O R Q H  DGMGDPPDDGRURØNLOLØ
D E R U W L R Q  QNRQRERRNRQRWLxDD D G Y L V H  YGL\DDPXQGL\DDPDUL D O R Q H  YIHUH
D E R X W  QxRØGXØGXØODILWD D G Y L V H U  Q\DDPDULODD D O S K D E H W  QVLLURR
D E R X W  DGYODILWD D G Y L V L Q J  Q\DDPDURR\DDPDULURR D O U H D G \  DGYIRNDEDØPXXPHHNH
D E U R D G  DGYZXODPDQHH D H U R S O D Q H  QNXOXQWLLODD D O V R  DGYIDQDDIDQDØ
D E U X S W O \  DGYFXIHWNLULELWSDUDNDW DIIDLUQKDDMLKDDMRRNXXNXZR D O Z D \ V  DGMZDDWLZRZDDWL
VXUXN NXXxDD D P E L W L R Q  QKDPRR
D E V F H V V  Q\LWRR D I U D L G  DGMVLODULØVLODWDVLODQGLØ D P E L W L R X V  S H U V R Q  QKDPHPDD
D E V H Q F H  QNRRPDNRR VLODØ KDPHWRR
D E X Q G D Q W  DGMNXIDQWDNXIDQGLØ D I U D L G  QVLOD D P E X O D Q F H  QDPEXODQVRR
VL\DDVL\DDWDVL\DDULØR $ I U L F D  QIDWDILQGXX D P P X Q L W L R Q  QNHVRRNLGLNHVRR
D E X Q G D Q W O \  DGYIDxDNL $ I U L F D Q  I U D Q F  QVHHIDD D P R Q J  SRVWSNRQRWHHPD
D E X V H  QQHØ $ I U L F D Q  P D K R J D Q \  QMDORR D P R X Q W  QKDNHHKDNRRKDSRR
D E X V H  YEXOD D I U R U P R V L D  QNXOXNXORR NRQWRRQDQNDPRR\DDWHH
D F D F L D  QNXUXOXØR D I W H U  SRVWSNRRODDQRRPD D P X O H W  QVDIRRWXXVRR
D F D F L D  D O E L G H  QEDUDVDØR D I W H U  W R P R U U R Z  QVLQLQGLØ D Q F H V W R U  QEHPEDD
D F D F L D  Q L O R W L F D  QEDDQRR D I W H U P D W K  QNRRPRR D Q F H V W R U V  QDOLIDDIRORROX
D F D F L D  W U H H  QVLØRRNRR D I W H U Q R R Q  W L P H  QWLOLEXORR D Q F K R U  QODQNDDURR
D F F H S W  YPXWDVRØWDD D J D L Q  DGYNRWHNHNRWHØWXNXØ D Q G  QDQLØ
D F F L G H Q W  QDVLGDØR WXQNXØNRWHQNH D Q G  FRQMQLØ
D F F R P S D Q \  YGDQGDØ D J D L Q  QNRWHQNH D Q G  R W K H U V  QxROX
D F F X U V H G  S H U V R Q  QGDQNDWRR D J D L Q V W  DGMNDVL\DDWD D Q J H O  QPDODD\LNRR
D F F X V D W L R Q  QNDQODQQRR $ J D P D  O L ] D U G  QEDVDNRPERURØR D Q J H U  QILLMRRIXQGRRNDPIDD
WXXPLURR D J H  J U R X S  QNXURRNDIRR MXVXERR
D F F X V H  YNDØRODDODDODDODD D J H Q G D  QNXPRR D Q J H U  YMXVRRERQGLNDPIDQGL
WXXPL D Q J U \  QNDQIDD
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D Q J U \  DGMMXVRRERWDNDPIDD D U J X P H Q W  YQxRRVDERR D Z D N H Q  DGMNXQLØ
NDPIDDULØNDPIDDULØRMXVXERR D U J X P H Q W  QxRRVRRVRR D Z D N H Q  YNXQLQGL
NDPIDDWDMXVXERRWD D U P  QEXORREXOXNDORR D Z D N H Q H V V  QNXQLØR
D Q L P D O  QEHH\DØRGDDIHØR D U P S L W  QGDERRNRWR D Z D U H  YNXQLQWD
D Q N O H  QWDOLNXORR D U P \  D Q W  QNHOHODD D Z D U H Q H V V  QNXQLØRNDODPXWDURR
D Q Q R X Q F H  YNDQNXODDVDUDQGL D U U H V W  YGDQGLPXWD D Z O  QOR\RR
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D Q Q R X Q F H P H Q W  QNDQNXODDURR D U U L Y H  YIXWDIXWDQGL E D E R R Q  QNRØR
D Q Q R X Q F H U  QNDQNXODDULODD D U U R J D Q F H  QIDØZDURRIDUDWRR E D E \  V L W  YEDPEDDQL
NLEDDULODD NRQRIDDZDURR E D E \  V L W W H U  QGLQPXWDODD
D Q Q R X Q F L Q J  QNDQNXODDURR D U U R J D Q W  DGMIDUDWLNRQRRIDDWD EDPEDDQLODD
D Q Q R X Q F L Q J  YQVDUDQGRR QL\RGL\DDWDQL\RZDUDWDZDUD E D E \  V L W W L Q J  QEDPEDDQRR
D Q Q R \  YMXVRRERQGL D U U R Z  QEHxRRNDODEHxRR E D F K H O R U  QPXVXQWDØR
D Q Q R \ H G  DGMMXVRRERWD D U W K U L W L V  QFRNRGLPRRGD\LQRR E D F N  DGYNRRPD
D Q Q X D O  D O P V  QMDNRR D U W L V D Q V
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D Q R W K H U  GRRNRWHGRRNRWHØ D V  DGYNRNR E D F N  SRVWSNRRPD
D Q R W K H U  DGMGRR D V F H Q G  YVHOH E D F N  YEDPEX
D Q V Z H U  YGDQNXMDDELMDDEL D V F H Q G H G  YQVHOHWD E D F N  E H O R Z  W K H  Q H F N  QVDxRR
D Q V Z H U  QMDDELURR D V K  QVHHVHHEXXWRR E D F N  F O D Z  R I  D  F R F N  QVDOXØR
D Q V Z H U L Q J  QMDDELURR D V N  YxLQLQNDD E D F N  J D W H  QGDDOLØR
D Q W  QGXQWXPDODØRPHQHPHQHØR D V N L Q J  QxLQLQNDDURR % D F N  R I  W K H  K D Q G  QEXOXNRR
D Q W H O R S H  QPLQDØR D V R E L L  QDVREL\R E D F N  R I  W K H  Q H F N  QWRØR
D Q W L F L S D W H  Q\LOODD D V V H V V  YNRQWLERRNRURVL E D F N E L W H  YNRRPDNXPD
D Q W L F L S D W H  YxRRVDDEDD D V V H V V L Q J  QNRQWLERRURR E D F N E L W L Q J  QNRRPDNXPDURR
D Q X V  QEXUXGHZREXXGDDNXWXGDD D V V L V W D Q W  QIDDOLIRRQRRPDODQNRR E D F N E R Q H  QNRRNXORR
MXXGDD D V V R F L D W H  QNXXNHHxRRNDIXxRR E D F N  R I  D  E R D W   QNXOXQIHxRR
D Q \  P R U H  DGYNRWHNH PRRxRRWDDPDxRRWDDxRR E D G  YDMDZX\DDWD
D Q \  R Q H  QPHØZRPHØ D W  SRVWSODPDWR E D G  DGMMDZRR-DZNXUXØNXUXØR
D Q \ K R Z  DGYxDDZRRxDD D W  D  W L P H  DGYNLOLØNLOLØ MDZX\DDMDZX\DDULØ
D Q \ W K L Q J  NXXZRNXX DWDOODGYPXXPHHNH E D G  I R U W X Q H  QKDULMHHNX\DD
D Q \ W K L Q J  QPHØZRPHØ DWILUVWDGYIRORRIRORR KDULMHHVLWRR
D S D U W  I U R P  SRVWSNRRODD D W  O R Q J  O D V W  DGMPHHZRPHH E D G  O X F N  QIDODNX\DDKDULMHHNX\DD
D S H  QQGHPRR D W  R Q F H  DGYNLOLQNH VLWRR
D S R O R J L V H  YERORRVH\ D W  W K H  P R P H Q W  DGYIRORRVLODØ E D G  U H O D W L Y H  QEDDGLQMDZRR
D S R O R J L ] H  YWXXELVH\L D W W D F K  YQDNL E D G J H  QEDDMRR
D S S H D O  YZRRVLL D W W D F K H G  YQDNLWD E D G J H  P H V V H Q J H U  QNRQVLQEHORR
D S S H D O H G  YZRRVLLWD D W W D F K H G  VYQDNLULx E D G O X F N  QKDULMHHVLWRR
D S S H D O L Q J  W K L Q J  QxDDERR D W W D F K H G  W R  Q X P E H U V  QMDØR E D J  QEDDNRRERRWRRVXIXURR
D S S H D O L Q J  W R  YxDDER D W W D F N  YxDSLER\LQNDØ E D J J D J H  QEDNDDVRR
D S S H D U  YILQWLILQWLQGLIXQWL D W W D F N H U  QxDSLQNDQQDD E D L O  YNRRMHH
D S S H D V H G  DGMMXVRRVXPX\DDWD D W W D F N L Q J  YQER\LQNDØR E D L O  Z D W H U  YNDZ
D S S H D V H P H Q W  QQHHKDORR D W W H Q G  YPDDEHH E D L O L Q J  QNRRMHH
D S S O H  QSRPRR D W W U D F W  YVDED E D L W  QPDORR
D S S O \  YMDPEDQGL D X F W L R Q  YQZDQWHHURR E D N H  YMDQL
D S S O \   E R G \  F U H D P   YPXX D X F W L R Q  YZDQWHHUL E D N H U  QPEXXUXMDQLODDEXODQVHH
D S S R L Q W  D  O H D G H U   YWRORR D X G L W  YNRQWLERR E D N L Q J  YQMDQLURR
D S S U H Q W L F H  QDSDUDQWHHNDUDQGLØR D X G L W R U  QNRQWLERRODD E D O D Q F H  YEXODQFDQFDØ
D S S U R D F K  YGDQWHHQDDZDOLØ D X G L W W L Q J  QNRQWLERRURR E D O G  K H D G  QNXØEXXVRR
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$ U D E  Q$UDDERR D X W K R U L W D W L Y H  S H U V R Q  QNDQGDD E D O H  QEDORRWRRIXGRR
D U H  DYEHPX D X W K R U L W \  QNDØR E D O O  QNXSHHNDWRR
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D U H D  QIDQQDDNHHNXQGDD.XQGDD D Y D L O D E O H  YNHHULØVRWR E D P E R R  QERØR
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NDURR $ Y L F H Q Q L D  Q L W L G D  QMXEXNXØR E D P E R R  E H G  V H D W  H W F   QZDQGRR
D U H D G \  QxDDMDØD\DD $ Y R F D G R  QSL\DD E D Q D Q D  QEDQDDQRR
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E D Q G L W U \  QEDQGLL\DD E H D V W  QEHH\DØR E H L Q J  D   I R R G H H   QIRRGHH\DD
E D Q J O H  QEXOXWRWDDODPRR E H D W  QODSLOLSD E H L Q J  D  J L U O  QVXQNXWX\DD
E D Q N  QEDQNL E H D W  YEXXWHHNRVL E H L Q J  D  J R R G  S O D \ H U  Q
E D Q N  E R R N  QEDQNLEXNRR E H D W L Q J  QEXVRR ZDDQHH\DD
E D Q N  L Q W H U H V W  QULLEDD E H D W L Q J  L Q V W U X P H Q W  QNRVLUDØR E H L Q J  D  J U H D W  P \ V W L F  P D Q  Q
E D Q N  R I  D  U L Y H U  H W F   QWLQWRR E H D X W L I X O  DGMGLLPDDxLLPDD ZROLL\DD
E D Q N U X S W  DGMER\LULØR EHWH\DDxLLxDDWDxLLxDDULØ E H L Q J  D  K H U R  QØDULQWHH\DD
E D R E D E  QVLWRR xLLxDDULØR E H L Q J  D   N H x H O H Ú R   QNDxHOHØ\DD
E D R E D E  W U H H  QVLWDMXZR E H D X W L I \  YxLLxDQGL E H L Q J  D  O D Z \ H U  QORR\DD\DD
E D U E H G  Z L U H  QEDDEXZD\DD E H D X W \  QxLLxDD E H L Q J  D  P X V O L P  QPLVLOLPH\DD
E D U E H U  QOLLULODD E H F D X V H  FRQMNDDWX E H L Q J  D  U X O H U  QPDQVD\DD
E D U G  QILQRRMDORR E H F D X V H  R I  SRVWSNDPPD E H L Q J  D  V D L Q W  QZROLL\DD
E D U H  DGMNHQVHØRNHQVHØ\DD E H F D X V H  R I  FRQMKDNH E H L Q J  D  V R O G L H U  QVRULGDDVL\DD
E D U N  YKDZZRQZRØ E H F R P H  YNH E H L Q J  D  V W R R J H  QIDQNRWR
E D U N  F O R W K  W U H H  QMDIRR E H F R P H  I U L H Q G V  YWHHUL\DD EDQEDØR
E D U N H G  YKDZXWD E H F R P H  I U L H Q G V  VYWHHUL\DDULØ E H L Q J  D  \ R X W K  QIRQGLQNHH\DD
E D U N H G  DGMZRQZRQWD E H F R P H  L Q I L G H O  YNDDILUL\DDWD E H L Q J  D G D P D Q W  QNDQMDD
E D U N L Q J  QKDZRR NDDILUL\DD E H L Q J  D Q  H X Q X F K  QNHHQWDQ\DD
E D U N L Q J  YQKDZXURRZRQZRØR E H F R P H  U X O H U  QPDQVD\DD E H L Q J  D Q  L Q I L G H O  QNDDILUL\DD
E D U U H O  QEDULNRREDUHORR E H G  QODDUDØRVDPEDD E H L Q J  D Q  R O G H U  S H U V R Q  Q
E D U U L H U  QNXQWXQWHH E H G  E X J  QGDERR NHHEDD\DD
E D V L F  Q H H G V  QPDDIHØR E H G  P D W H  QODDxRR E H L Q J  D V V R F L D W H V  QNDIXØRR\DD
E D V L Q  QERRORR E H G  V K H H W  QGDUDERRODDUDQNDØ E H L Q J  E H G  P D W H V  QODDxRR\DD
E D V N H W  QVLQVLØR IDDQRR E H L Q J  E H W U D \ H U  QILVLULZDOOHH\DD
E D V W D U G  QEDDWDUDGLØRMDQNDGLØR E H G  K H D G Z D U G V   QNXQQDWRR E H L Q J  E O D F N  QILØR
E D W  QWRQVRR E H G U R R P  QODDEXØRNDELQHHWRR E H L Q J  E X V \  QGHZRR
E D W K H  YNXX E H G W L P H  QODDZDDWRR E H L Q J  F D U H I X O  QKDNLOLWXZR
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E D W W O H  I L H O G  QNHOHGXODD E H I R U H  FRQMMDQQLØ E H L Q J  H Q R X J K  QNDDxDØR
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E D W W O H  L Q  F R X U W   YNLLWLL QDPLQDØQHQH E H L Q J  H [ F L W H G  QNXIDØR
E D \  O H D I  QORRUL\D E H I R U H  DGMxDDxDD E H L Q J  I R R O L V K  QIXXULØ\DD
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E H D F K  QEDDGDD E H K D Y H  Z H O O  YPDDNXX E H L Q J  O X F N \  QIDODGL\DD
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E H D N  QGDDNDORR E H K L Q G  DGYNRRPD E H L Q J  P H U F L I X O  QKLLQDQWHH\DD
E H D P  QELLPRR E H K L Q G  SRVWSNRRPD E H L Q J  P H U F L O H V V  QKLLQDQWDØ\DD
E H D Q  F D N H  Q$NDUDD E H L Q J  D  E D F K H O R U  QPXVXQWDQ\DD E H L Q J  P L Q G I X O  QKDNLOLWXZR
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EHLQJ English-Mandinka
E H L Q J  V L ] H D E O H  QNDDxDØR E H W U D \ D O  QMLNLWLxDDMDQIDD E O D F N  F R E U D  QELLGDD
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E H L Q J  Z R U U L H G  QGHZRR E L J  DGMEDDNDQDØRZDUDZDUDWD E O D F N Q H V V  QILØR
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E H O F K H G  YNLULQWLWDNLULQGDWD E L J  $ I U L F D Q  W U R X V H U  QGDDEDD E O D G H  R I  D Q  D [  QWHHUDQNHVRR
E H O F K L Q J  QNLULQWRR NXUXWRR E O D G H  R I  S O R Z L Q J   D  K R H  Q
E H O L H I  QOLLPDDQL\DD E L J  D U H D  QNHQHEDD SDIXØR
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E H O L W W O H  YNXØRIHH\DQGL E L J  K D W  QNDVLNHWRR E O H D F K  QRGLVDEHORR
E H O O  QWDODØREHHORR E L J  K R X V H I O \  QVLLNXPEDD E O H H G L Q J  R I  W K H  Q R V H  QWLVRRURR
E H O O \  QNRQREDWRRNRQRIXXWRR E L J  O L D U  QZXOXPEDØR E O H Q G  U R R I L Q J  J U D V V  YWLEDGDD
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E H Q G  YMLPLØDDMLØRRMLGLNDDML E L J  S O R W  QNHQHEDD E O L Q G  S H U V R Q  QILQNLQWHHMLPLQWHH
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E H Q G  R Y H U  YKRMLWLERØKRMLWD E L J  V D F N  QDPEDODDVRR E O L V W H U  QORIXORIRRSDOLSDORR
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E H Q G L Q J  YQØDDMLURR E L J Q H V V  QZDURR E O R F N  YEDQWDPELOLNDULNDOHH
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E H Q G L Q J  R Y H U  YQWLERØR E L O O   D E L U G   QPDQVDGLERØR E O R F N  QEXORRNRR
E H Q H I L F L D O  DGMQDIDDPDD E L O O \  J R D W  QEDDNRWRØR E O R F N D G H  QEDQWDPELORRNDOHH
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E H Q H I L W  YQDIDDPXQDIDØ NXFRROLØRNXQRRPRRULNXQXQGLØR E O R F N H G  QNDOHHWD
E H Q W  YQØDDMLWDØRRMLWD E L U U H D  QNXQWDQMDD\RR E O R F N H G  W K H  U R D G  H W   YZDQNDWD
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E H Q W  DGMMHQNHULØRØRRMLULØ E L V F X L W  QELVLNLWRR E O R F N L Q J  QNDOHHNDOHHURR
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E H V L H J L Q J  YQVXNLURR E O D F N  DGMILØILØR E O R Z Q  D Z D \  F O R X G   YZDDUL
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% O X H  I R U  F O R W K H V  QEXOXZR E R \  QNDPEDDQRR E U L E H  QGXNRR
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E R D V W I X O Q H V V  QQHØGL\DD E U D Q F K  QEXORR E U L H I  F D V H  QNDUDWDDEDORR
E R D V W L Q J  QSLLSLLURRVDSRR E U D Q F K   R I I  YIDUDVL NDUWDDEXORR
E R D W  QIHxRRNXOXØR E U D Q F K  R I I  YIDWD E U L Q J  YQDDIHHQDDWL
E R G \  QEDODMDDWRREDORRMDDWRR E U D Q F K H V  R I  D  V W H P   YZDUDZDUD E U R N H Q  YNDWLWDNDWLULØWH\LWD
E R G \  K D L U  QEDODWL\R E U D Q G  QNDOLWHH E U R N H Q  DGMNDWLULØR
E R G \  M R L Q W  QVXXIRR E U D V V  QWDDVRR E U R N H Q   H W F  DGMQXQNXULØ
E R G \  S D L Q  QFDØD\RR E U D Y H  YDMDULQWHH\DDWD E U R N H Q   H W F   DGMQXQNXULØR
E R L O  YIDMLNRWRQGL E U D Y H  DGMIDWLØRIDWL\DD E U R N H Q  S L H F H  R I  E R W W O H  Q
E R L O  QID\RR\LWRR IDWL\DDULØRIDWRRMDULQWHH\DDMXVRR NDEDWHOHØR
E R L O  V R P H W K L Q J  YIDMLQGL EDQEDQWDMXVRREHQWDMXVRRMDDWD E U R R P  QILWDUDØR
E R L O H G  DGMNHWXQGLULØR MXVXEHQGLØRMXVXMDDULØR E U R W K H O  QFDNDEXØR
E R L O H G  D Q G  I H U P H Q W H G  O R F V  Q ØDULQWHH\DDWDMDULQWHH E U R W K H U  QEDDULQNHZR
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E R O G  DGMIDWRRKDDxLMXVRR E U D Y L W \  QIDWL\DDKDDxRR E U R Z Q  DGMSRWREDODSRWREDODWD
EDQEDQWDMXVXEHQGLØRMXVXMDDULØR MDULQWHH\DDMXVXMDDMXVXEHØR E U R Z Q  QSRWREDORR
MDULQWHH ØDULQWHH\DD E U R Z Q  D Q W V  QPDxRR
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E X V L Q H V V  QKDDMLKDDMRR F D P H U D  QQDWDDOLUDØR F D U Y H G  DGMOHVHULØR
NDSLWDDORRNXXNXZRVRRORR F D P S  QNDPSRR F D U Y H G  YQOHVHWD
E X V L Q H V V  F D S L W D O  QPDQDQNXØR F D P S D L J Q  QNDPSDDxRR F D U Y H G  VYOHVHULØ
E X V L Q H V V  F H Q W U H  QWHQGDD NDPSHHxRR F D U Y H G  R Q H  OHVHULØR
E X V L Q H V V  F R Q F H U Q  QVXXORR F D Q  YQRR F D U Y L Q J  YQOHVRROHVHURR
E X V L Q H V V  W U L S  QZDMDDVRR F D Q  QSRRWRR F D U Y L Q J  W R R O  QGDDEDD
E X V W D U G  QNXQNXGXQWXØR F D Q  ,  QØD F D V K  D  F K H T X H  YNDDVL
E X V \  DGMGHZXWDGHZXULØ F D Q  V H H  W K H  X Q V H H Q  VSG F D V K  D G Y D Q F H  QDZDQVRR
E X W  FRQMEDUL NXØRIDQXWD F D V K  V D I H  QUDQNHHVRR
E X W F K H U  QEXXVHZR F D Q  Z H  QÙÙD F D V K H Z  QNDVXZR
E X W W H U  QERRWD F D Q D O  QGLQNRRMLLERULVLORR & D V V D Y D  QxDPERR
E X W W H U I O \  QILULILURR F D Q F H O  YNXSHHEDD\ F D V V H U R O H  QNDVLORRURR
E X W W R F N V  QNRRPRRMXXWHOHØR F D Q F H O H G  YNXSHHWD F D V V H W W H  QNDVHWRR
MXZRZDØR F D Q G L G D W H  QNDQGLGHHWRR F D V W R U  R L O  S O D Q W  QWXPEXQVXXPDD
% X W X W  QEXWXXWRR F D Q G O H  QNDQGL\RVRQGHORR F D V W U D W H  YSXNDVHHQH
E X \  YVDØ F D Q G \  QERPERØRPLQWLWDQNDORR F D V W U D W H G  YVHHQHWD
- 115 -
 English-Mandinka FDVWUDWHG
F D V W U D W H G  DGMVHHQHULØR F D X V H  W R  E H  F O H D Q L Q J  Y F D X V H  W R  E H  V O L S S H U \  YQDPDQGL
F D V W U D W H G  YQSXNDWD VHQH\DDQGLURR F D X V H  W R  E H  V O L S S H U \  DGM
F D V W U D W H G  D Q L P D O  QVHHQHH F D X V H  W R  E H  F O H D U  Y QDPD\DQGL
F D V W U D W H G  J R D W  QEDDVHHQRR VHQH\DDQGLURR F D X V H  W R  E H  V P D O O  YPHVH\DQGL
F D V W U D W H G  U D P  QVDDPRRUHH F D X V H  W R  E H  F R Q I X V H G  Y F D X V H  W R  E H  V P R N H G  YVLLVLQGL
F D V W U D W L Q J  YQSXNDURR WLULZXQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  V W D E O H  YWHPEHQGL
F D V W U D W L Q J  W R R O  QSXNDULODØR F D X V H  W R  E H  F U R R N H G  YMHQNHQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  V W D O H  YVHH\DQGL
F D W  QxDQNXPRR F D X V H  W R  E H  G D U N  YGLELQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  V X V S L F X L R X V  Y
F D W  I L V K  QNXQNHOHØR F D X V H  W R  E H  G H O L F L R X V  YGL\DQGL VRELQGL
F D W D S X O W  QODQVLSHHURRNDWDSRRORR F D X V H  W R  E H  G H V S L V H G  YMXWXQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  W K L Q  YPHVH\DQGL
F D W F K  YPXWD F D X V H  W R  E H  G L U W \  YQRQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  X J O \  YPDQHQGL
F D W F K  E \  V X U S U L V H  YWHHULQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  G U X Q N  YFDDNLQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  X Q F R P I R U W D E O H  Y
F D W F K  U H G  K D Q G H G  YWHHULQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  G X V W \  YNDQNDQGL GHZXQGL
F D W F K  X S  YVRWR F D X V H  W R  E H  H D J H U  YKDPHQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  X Q V S D F L R X V  Y
F D W F K L Q J  YQPXWDURR F D X V H  W R  E H  H Q R X J K  YVLQGL GHWHQGL
& D W W O H  QQLLVRR F D X V H  W R  E H  H T X D O  YNDDxDQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  X Q W D V W \  YNX\DQGL
F D W W O H  H J U H W  QKDDULNR\RR WHPEHQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  X Q Z L O O L Q J  YWDMLQGL
NXQDQNR\RR F D X V H  W R  E H  H [ S H Q V L Y H  Q F D X V H  W R  E H  Z H O O  YNHQGH\DQGL
F D X J K W  YPXWDWD NROH\DQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  Z L V H  YxDDPHQGL
F D X J K W  DGMPXWDULØR F D X V H  W R  E H  I D P L O L D U  YGDOLQGL F D X V H  W R  E H Q G  YØDDMLQGL
F D X J K W  E \  V X U S U L V H  DGMWHHNXPX F D X V H  W R  E H  I D V W  YWDUL\DQGL ØRRMLQGL
WHHNXPXWD F D X V H  W R  E H  I L H U F H  YVDØDUDQGL F D X V H  W R  E X P S  YWDNLQGL
F D X V H  YNHQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  I R Q G  R I  YGDOLQGL F D X V H  W R  F D S V L ] H  YNXSLQGL
F D X V H  QNXØRVDDERRVDEDERR F D X V H  W R  E H  I R R O L V K  YIXQGL F D X V H  W R  F D U U \  O D R G  YxXQGL
F D X V H  D  G R J   H W F   YVXVXQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  J L G G \  YWLLULWLLUDQGL F D X V H  W R  F O L P E  YVHOHQGL
F D X V H  F O R V H Q H V V  YQDNLQGL WLLUD F D X V H  W R  F R P P L W  H Y L O  YPDULVD
F D X V H  R Q H  W R  E H  G U X Q N  Y F D X V H  W R  E H  J R R G  YEHWH\DQGL F D X V H  W R  F R Q W L Q X H  YWHQWHQGL
VLLUDQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  K D S S \  YVHHZRQGL F D X V H  W R  F U \  YNXPERQGL
F D X V H  V P R N H  W R  U L V H  X S  Y F D X V H  W R  E H  K H D Y \  YNXOL\DQGL F D X V H  W R  F X U Y H  YØRRMLQGL
VLLVLQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  K L G G H Q  YQXNXQGL F D X V H  W R  G D Q F H  QGRQGL
F D X V H  V R P H R Q H  W R  E H  S U R X G  Y F D X V H  W R  E H  K R Q H V W  YWLOLQGL F D X V H  W R  G H F H Q G  YMLQGL
IDUDWLQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  L P S R U W D Q W  Y F D X V H  W R  G H Q W  YERRPXQGL
F D X V H  V R P H R Q H  W R  E H  V D G  Y NXPPDD\DQGL F D X V H  W R  G U H D P  YVLLERQGL
MLUDQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  L Q  D  K D V W H  Y F D X V H  W R  G U H V V  Z H O O  YSDUHQGL
F D X V H  V R P H R Q H  W R  G U L Q N  Q KDZXMLQGL F D X V H  W R  H G X F D W H G  YORQGL
PLQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  L Q  D  S U R E O H P  Y F D X V H  W R  H Q M R \  R Q H
V  O L I H  Y
F D X V H  V R P H R Q H  W R  S D \  Y ØD\LEHQGL ØDDxDQGL
MRRULQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  L Q D F W L Y H  YWDMLQGL F D X V H  W R  H V F D S H  YNDQDQGL
F D X V H  V R P H R Q H  W R  U H J U H W  Y F D X V H  W R  E H  L Q V D Q H  YxDDPDQGL F D X V H  W R  I D L Q W  YNHWXQGL
QLPLVDQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  O D ] \  YQDDUL\DQGL F D X V H  W R  I H O O  YER\LQGL
F D X V H  V R P H R Q H  W R  V W D \  Y F D X V H  W R  E H  O L I W H G  YVLNDQGL F D X V H  W R  I H U U \  YWH\LQGL
VDEDWLQGL WHHNDQGL F D X V H  W R  I L J K W  YNHOHQGL
F D X V H  V R P H R Q H  W R M X P S  Y F D X V H  W R  E H  O R Q H O \  YNLLGHQGL F D X V H  W R  I O D V K  YØDODVLQGL
VDZXQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  O X F N \  YILULQGL F D X V H  W R  I O \  YWLQGL
F D X V H  V R P H W K L Q J  W R  V K L Q H  Q F D X V H  W R  E H  P D Q \  YVL\DQGL F D X V H  W R  I R U J H W  YxLQDQGL
PDODPDODQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  P D W X U H  YNXØRIDQGL F D X V H  W R  J H W  R X W  YILQWLQGL
F D X V H  V R P H W K L Q J  W R  V P H O O  Y F D X V H  W R  E H  R E O L J D W R U \  Y F D X V H  W R  J H W  X S  YZXOLQGL
QRRUDQGL IDULOD\DQGL F D X V H  W R  J R  R Q  YWHQWHQGL
F D X V H  W L U H G  YNRULQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  R O G  YNRWRQGL F D X V H  W R  K D Y H  D  W D V W H  YQHQHQGL
F D X V H  W R  D F T X L U H  YPDDGL F D X V H  W R  E H  R S W L P L V W L F  YMLNLQGL F D X V H  W R  K D Y H  S U R E O H P  Y
F D X V H  W R  E H  D E X Q G D Q W  YVL\DQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  S H U I H F W  YWLPPDQGL WRRUDQGL
F D X V H  W R  E H  D I U D L G  YVLODQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  T X L F N  YWDUL\DQGL F D X V H  W R  K X U U \  YKDZXMLQGL
F D X V H  W R  E H  D W W D F K H G  YQDNLQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  T X L H W  YGHQGL F D X V H  W R  N Q R Z  YORQGL
F D X V H  W R  E H  D Z D U H  YNXQLQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  U R X J K  YVDNDOLQGL F D X V H  W R  O H D Q  YQDMLQGLVHPEHQGL
F D X V H  W R  E H  E H W W H U  YILVL\DD F D X V H  W R  E H  V H U L R X V  YVDØDUDQGL F D X V H  W R  O L N H  YODILQGL
F D X V H  W R  E H  E L J  YZDUDQGL ZDUDQGL F D X V H  W R  O R Q J  I R U  YKDPHQGL
F D X V H  W R  E H  E L W W H U  YNXQL\DQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  V L F N  YVDDVDQGL F D X V H  W R  O R R V H  YODNDWL
F D X V H  W R  E H  F O H D Q  YWHQNXQGL F D X V H  W R  E H  V L P S O H  YVRRQH\DQGL F D X V H  W R  O R V H  YIRQGL
- 116 -
FDXVH English-Mandinka
F D X V H  W R  P D N H  H I I R U W  YZDNLOLQGL F D X V L Q J  W R  E H  I D L U  YQWLOLQGLURR F K D U P  QEXOXGXØRKDDUDQGRR
F D X V H  W R  P R Y H  YNDWDQGL F D X V L Q J  W R  E H  K R Q H V W  YQ KLMDDERRNXEDQWRRNDDWLPRR
F D X V H  W R  S D V V  YWDPELQGL WLOLQGLURR QRPERRxDPRRVDDERR
F D X V H  W R  S U H S D U H  YSDUHQGL F D X V L Q J  W R  G R  H Y L O  QPDULVDURR F K D U P  I R U  E H Z L W F K L Q J  QVLWLNRØR
F D X V H  W R  U H I X V H  YEDODQGL F D X V L Q J  W R  I H U U \  YQWH\LQGLURR F K D U P  I R U  K H [ L Q J  QVLWLNRØR
F D X V H  W R  U H W X U Q  YPXUXQGL F D X V L Q J  W R  J H W  X S  YQZXOLQGLURR F K D U P   L Q  O L T X L G  I R U P   QQDVRR
VD\LQGLVH\LQGL ZXOLQGRR F K D U P  W K D W  E O L Q G V  QGLELQGLUDØR
F D X V H  W R  U L S H  YPRQGL F D X V L Q J  W R  U L V H  YQZXOLQGLURR F K D U P  W R  Z R U N  DGMMDDELMDDEL
F D X V H  W R  U L V H  YVHOHQGLZXOLQGL ZXOLQGRR F K D V H  YED\ED\LQGL
F D X V H  W R  U R W  YWROLQGL F D X V L Q J  W U R X E O H  QMDNDVRR F K D W  YNDFDD
F D X V H  W R  V H S H U D W H  YWDODQGL F D Y H  QNRQNRKXZR F K D W  QNDFDD
F D X V H  W R  V K R X W  YØDDUDQGL F H L O L Q J  QELORR F K D W  Q L J K W  W L P H   YVXPXØ
ZXXUXQGL F H O H E D F \  QIXWXXEDOL\DD F K D W W H G  YQ.DFDDWD
F D X V H  W R  V L O H Q W  YGHQGL F H O H E D W H  QIXWXXEDORR F K H D W  YQDNDULWDSDOHHxDDPHØ
F D X V H  W R  V L Q N  QPLNLQGL F H O H E E U D W L Q J  QMXXUDURR F K H D W L Q J  QQDNDURRWDSDOHH\DD
F D X V H  W R  V L W   V H W W O H  YVLQGL F H O H E U D W H  YMRPERNLGLPDQGL F K H F N  QWDPRR
F D X V H  W R  V P H O O  YNDVDQGL MXXUDMXXUL F K H F N  P H G L F D O O \  YZLVLWHH
F D X V H  W R  V P H O O  E D G  YVXQNDQGL F H O H E U D W L Q J  YQMRPERRMXXURR F K H F N L Q J  P H G L F D O O \  QZLVLWHHURR
F D X V H  W R  V R O L G L I \  QVLPELQGL F H O H E U D W L R Q  QMXXUDURR F K H H N  QNDDUDD
F D X V H  W R  V S H D N  YGL\DDPXQGL F H O H E U D W L R Q  YQMRPERRMXXURR F K H H U  YNLELUL
F D X V H  W R  V X I I H U  YPDQWRRUDQGL F H O O QVHHORR F K H H U L Q J  QNLELURR
WRRUDQGLKDODNL F H P H Q W  QVLPHQWRR F K H H V H  QFLLVRR
F D X V H  W R  V X U S D V V  YWDPELQGL F H P H W U \  QEDDGHHNRR F K H T X H  QFHNRR
F D X V H  W R  V Z H D U  YNDOLQGL F H Q V R U  YNDQWDQGLNRURVL F K H V W  QNHHVRRNXQQHHVLVRR
F D X V H  W R  V Z H O O  YIXXQXQGL F H Q V R U L Q J  YQNDQWDQGLURR F K H Z  YxLPL
F D X V H  W R  W D N H  W L P H  YPHQGL F H Q W H U  QWDZXQWHH F K H Z H G  YQxLPLWD
F D X V H  W R  W H O O  O L H V  YIDQL\DQGL F H U W D L Q O \  GH F K H Z L Q J  YQxLPLURRxLPRR
F D X V H  W R  W R  E H  Z H W  YVLQDQGL F H U W D L Q O \  H[ND\NRNR F K H Z L Q J  V W L F N  QxLQMRRVLUDØR
F D X V H  W R  W U D Q V I H U  YxRULQGL F K D I I  QGRRIHH F K L F N H Q  QVXXVHH
VDZXQGL F K D L Q  QFHHQRRMRORR F K L H I  R I  D  G L V W U L F W  QVHHIRR
F D X V H  W R  W X U Q  YWXUXQHQGL F K D L U  QVLLUDØR F K L H I  R I  D  Y L O O D J H  Q$OLNDDORR
F D X V H  W R  X Q L W H  YNDPEHQGLØ F K D O N  QFRNRR F K L H I V
 F R Q I H U H Q F H  QPDQVDEHØR
F D X V H  W R  Z D L O  YØDDUDQGL F K D O O H Q J H  YGDWL F K L O G  QGLQGLØRGLØR
F D X V H  W R  Z D O N  YWDDPDQGL F K D O O H Q J H  D  Z U H V W O H U  YVXX F K L O G  W K D W  V W D U W H G  Z D O N  Q
F D X V H  W R  Z R U N  YGRRNXQGL F K D O O H Q J L Q J  YQGDWLURR WDDPDQGLØR
VRULQGL F K D P H O H R Q  QxDQNRQNRØR F K L O G  W U D L Q H U  QNXOXXULODD
F D X V H  Z D W H U  W R  D S S H D U  L Q   YQ F K D P S L R Q  QFDPSL\RØR F K L O G K R R G  QGLQGLØ\DD
VRQGL F K D Q J H  QIDOLØR F K L O G O H V V  QGLQWDØR
F D X V H G  W R  E H  D F W L Y H  YVDD\LQGL F K D Q J H  YIDOLØVDQVHH F K L O G U H Q  YERØR
F D X V H G  W R  E H  E L J  H Q R X J K  Y F K D Q J H  I L G H O L W \  W R  YEDGDOL F K L O G
V  Z R U G  I R U  I D W K H U  Q3DD
\LULZDQGL F K D Q J H G  YQVDQVHHWD & K L P S D Q ] H H  QQGHPRR
F D X V H G  W R  E H  F R U U H F W  YVDKDQGL F K D Q J H V  D W  V H D   QZDDPRR F K L Q  QERPERØR
F D X V H G  W R  E H  V H U L R X V  Y F K D Q J H V  Y H U E  W R  Q R X Q  WDD F K R L F H  QGL\DD
ZDMDELQGL F K D Q J H V  Y H U E V  W R  Q R X Q V  UDØR F K R N H  YFRRNXVXNL
F D X V H G  W R  E H  Y D O L G  YVDKDQGL F K D Q J L Q J  YQIDOLQGLURR F K R R V H  YNHVHØ7RPERØ
F D X V H G  W R  F R Q I O L F W  YZDDOLQGL F K D Q J L Q J  QVDQVHHVDQVHHURR F K R S  YVHHVHSX
F D X V H G  W R  F R Q Y H U W  YWXXELQGL F K D S W H U  R I  W K H  4 X U D Q  QVRRURR F K R S  G R Z Q   W U H H V   YWHH
F D X V H G  W R  F X U Y H  YWXUXQHQGL F K D U D F W H U  QPDQNXWRR F K R S  L Q W R  S L H F H V  YMDVLØMDVLØ
F D X V H G  W R  I O H H  YZXGDD\LQGL F K D U D F W H U  L V  G H I R U P H G  DGM F K R S S L Q J  YQVHSXURR
F D X V H G  W R  I O R D W  Y\DQNDQGL WRRWLxDDWD F K R V H Q  S H U V R Q  QWRPERQPRR
F D X V H G  W R  V O R Z  G R Z Q  Y F K D U F R D O  QNHPERRNHxHPERR F K U L V W H Q L Q J  QNXOOL\R
\RRUDQGL F K D U F R D O   V W R Y H  QIXUXQHH F K U L V W L D Q  QNXUXPHHWRR
F D X V H G  W R  V Q H D N  Y\RROHQGL F K D U F R D O  S R W  QIXUXQHH F K U L V W P D V  QNLULLVLPDDVRR
F D X V H G  W R  V Z H O O  Y\LWLQGL F K D U J H   E D W W H U \   YVDULVHH & K U R Q L F  J R Q R U U K R H D  QVRSLLVRR
F D X V H G  W R  W U D Q V I H U  YZXWXQGL F K D U L R W  QZRWLLURR F K U R Q L F  Z R X Q G  QWHORR
F D X V H G  W R  W X U Q  L Q W R   Y\HOHPDQGL F K D U L W \  QVDGDD F K X U F K  QFRRFRR
F D X V H  V R P H R Q H   W R  E H  F R Q I  Y F K X U Q  QIXUXIXUX
MDDKDOLQGL F K X U Q L Q J  V W L F N  QIXUXIXUXODØR
- 117 -
 English-Mandinka FLFDGD
F L F D G D  QNHUHOHØR F O H D U L Q J  YQNXUXERRVHQH\DQGLURR F R D V W  QEDDEDORREDDGDQGDØR
F L J D U H W W H  QVLNDDVLNDUHHWRR F O H D U L Q J  D  I D U P   H W F  YQVDDVDDURR EDDGHQGHØR
F L Q H P D  QVLQDPDD F O H D U L Q J  J U D V V   H W F   Q\DURR F R D W  QNRRWRR
F L U F X P F L V H  YNDVD\NX\DØVXQQD F O H D U O \  DGYMDKDUDØ F R E  QIDODQNRR
F L U F X P F L V H G  YQNDVD\LWD F O H U N  QNLODDNRR F R E  R I  F R U Q  QWXEDDxLIDODNRR
F L U F X P F L V H G  YVXQQDWD F O H Y H U  DGMIHHUHKDNLOLGLLPDD WXEDDxDPXURR
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F L Y L O L ] H G  DGMVLELODD\LV F O L W R U L V QEXWXNXØRVROORR F R L Q V  QNRGLFRURRVRRNRGLPHVHØR
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F R P P H U F L D O  F H Q W U H  QILLULGXODD F R Q G R O H  W K H  E H U H D Y H G  Y F R Q Y H \ R U  QGXQLUDØR
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F U D Z O   R Q  N Q H H   YØXQXPD F U \  YNDVLNXPERR F X W O D V V  QIDØR
F U D Z O H G  YQNXUXQWXWDØXQXPDWD F U \  QNXPERR F X W O H U \  QGRPRULODØR
F U D Z O L Q J  QØXQXPRR F U \ L Q J  QNXPERR F X W W H U  QNXQWXUXODØÙNXQWXUDØR
F U H D P  QQDDUHH F X F X P E H U  QNDNXPED F X W W L Q J  QNXQWRRNXQWXURRWH\RR
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F U H G L W R U  QGRQWRULODD F X O W X U H  QDDGRRFRRVDDQRRODDGRR ' D O D V L  QGDODVRR
F U H H @  YZDD\HH ODQGRRFRVDDQRR G D P D J H  YODQMXUX
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F U H R O H  W U L E H  Q+DNXZR F X S E R D U G  QDOLPRRURR G D P Q H G  DGMKDODNLKDODNLULØR
F U H R V R W H  QNDUDEDOLLQRR F X U H  YMDDUD G D P Q H G  QKDODNLWD
F U L F N H W  QWRURQNRVRR F X U L Q J  QMDDUDORR G D P S  DGMPRQWR
F U L S S O H  QODQMXUXWRR F X U L R V L W \  QNXPSDEDOL\DDNXPSRR G D P S H Q  YVLQDQGL
F U L S S O H  YODQMXUX F X U L R X V  QNXPSDEDORR G D P S Q H V V  DGMPRQWRR
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G D Q F H  QIHUHH G H F O D U H  YEDQNHH G H P D U F D W H G  YVXPDQWD
G D Q F H  YGRØ G H F O L Q H  YMLL\RRUD G H P D U F D W L Q J  QVXPDØR
G D Q F H U  QGRQQDD G H F O L Q H G  Y\RRUDWDMLLWD G H P D U F D W L Q J  YQVXPDQGLURR
G D Q F L Q J  YQGRØR G H F O L Q H G  DGMMXXWD G H P R U D O L V L Q J  QSLLSLLURR
G D Q F L Q J  F L U F O H  QOXZR G H F R U D W H  YNLGLPDQGLxDUDQGL G H P R W H  YMLQGL
G D Q F L Q J  J U R X Q G  QGRQGXODD xLLxDQGL G H Q W  YERRPXKXGXNX
G D Q F L Q J  S O D F H  QGRQGXODD G H F R U D W H  Z L W K  O L S V W L F N  QUXXMRR G H Q W  QKXGXNRR
G D Q G U X I I  QNDUDDVRR G H F R U D W L Q J  D  V W L F N  QxDQFRR G H Q W H G  VYERRPXULØ
G D U H  DGMKDDxL G H F U H H  * R G   QODxLQRR G H Q W H G  DGMERRPXULØR
G D U H Q H V V  QKDDxRR G H G L F D W H G  DGMVDD\LVDD\LWD G H Q W L V W  QxLØMDDDUDODD
G D U L Q J  DGMKDDxL VDD\LULØVDD\LULØRZDNLOLULØ G H Q \  YEDOLGDDMDDNDQRMDD
G D U N  DGMGLELULØGLELULØRGLELWD G H G L F D W L Q J  YZDNLOL G H Q \  D  V W D W H P H Q W  YVRRVRR
GLEL G H G L F D W L Q J  DGMNXØRIDDWD G H Q \ L Q J  QGDDMDD
G D U N  F R O R U H G  DGMGLELULØGLEL G H H G  QNDVRRNHHEDDURRNHHNXZR G H Q \ L Q J  D  V W D W H P H Q W  YQ
G D U N Q H V V  QGLERR NHHURRVRØR VRRVRRURR
G D W H  S D O P  QNRURVRRNXQMXQNRR G H H S  DGMGLLQRØGLQND G H S D U W  YERWDD
G D X J K W H U  QGLQPXVRR G H H S  YKDNLORRERULWD G H S D U W P H Q W  QIDQQDD
G D Z Q  QGXQWXQNXPRRVXEDD G H H S Q H V V  QGLLQRØR G H S H Q G  YVHPEHWXNX\DDND
G D Z Q  P H D O  G X U L Q J  5 D P D G D Q  Q G H H U  QMLQNLMDQNRRNRQNRWRØR G H S H Q G L Q J  VYWXNXULØ
VXXURR G H I D P D W L R Q  QWRRxDD G H S U L F L D W H  DGMIXXWL
G D \  QWLORROXØR G H I D P H  YWRRWLxDD G H S W K  QGLLQRØRGLQNRR
G D \  E H I R U H  \ H V W H U G D \  Q G H I D P H  QNDMDIL G H S X W \  QGLSLWHH
NXQXQNRR G H I D P H G  DGMWRRWLxDDWD G H V F U L E H  YPLVDDOLWDDPDQVHHU
G D \  E U H D N  YIDQRRNHWD G H I D P L Q J  QNDMDILURR G H V F U L S W L R Q  QPLVDDORR
G D \  E U H D N  QIDQLNHH G H I H D W  YNXWX WDDPDQVHHURR
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G H D G  VYVDDULØ G H I H F D W H  QNDEDDQL G H V H U W  YNRRGLL
G H D G  YQVDDWD G H I H F D W H G  QEXX G H V L U H  QODIRRGL\DD
G H D G  E R G \  QIXUHH G H I H F D W L Q J  YQEXXNHH G H V S D L U  QGHZRR
G H D I  DGMWXORRWH\LWD G H I H F W  QHOORRODQMXURR G H V S D U D W H  DGMGHZXØ
G H D O   Z L W K   YPXX G H I H Q G  YIDDVDDNDQMX G H V S D U D W H  QMDNDOL
G H D O  Z L W K  YMDQMXØ G H I H Q G H U  QNDQMXULODD G H V S H U D W H  DGMGHZXWDGHZXULØ
G H D O W  YMDQMXQWD G H I H Q G L Q J  QNDQMXURR G H V S L V H  YMXWX
G H D O W   Z L W K   YPXXWD G H I H Q G L Q J  YQIDDVDDURR G H V S L V L Q J  QMXWRR
G H D W K  YQEHORR G H I L Q H  YILULØ G H V W L Q D W L R Q  QGDQGXODD
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G H E W  QMXORR G H I R U P H G  DGMODQMXUXULØRQDDVLWD WXPEXØ
G H E W  YNDQL QDDVLULØR G H V W U R \ H G  YNDVDDUDWD
G H F H L Y H  YIHHUHILOLQGLNHWX G H I R U P H G  VYODQMXUXULØ G H V W U R \ H G  VYNDVDDUDULØWLLxDQGLØ
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G H F H L Y H G  DGMILOLULØR G H I R U P L W \  QODQMXURRQDDVRR WLLxDQGLURR
G H F H L Y H U  QILOLQGLULODD VRRWDDURR G H V W U X F W L R Q  YQNDVDDURR
G H F H L Y L Q J  QNHWXURRQHHQHH G H O D \  QWDIDOWDIDO G H V W U X F W L R Q  QWLLxDDURR
' H F H P E H U  Q'LLVHPEDNDURR G H O D \  YGXNXQGLQDDIDQGL G H W D L Q H G  DGMPXWDULØR
G H F H Q G  YMLL QDPEDUD G H W K U R Q H  YZXUD
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G H F H Q G D Q W  V   R I  $ G D P D  Q G H O D \ L Q J  QWDIDOWDIDORR \LULZDD\LULZDQGL
DGDPDGLØR G H O L E H U D W H  D F W  QWDZRR G H Y H O R S H G  DGM\LULZDDWD
G H F H Q G H G  YMLLWD G H O L F D W H  QNDWLIHØR G H Y H O R S P H Q W  Q\LULZDD
G H F H Q W  YDMDQNXWD G H O L F L R X V  DGMGLLPDDGL\DDULØ G H Y L O  QMLQRRNRQWRURØRVHHWDDQRR
G H F H Q W  H D U Q L Q J  QKDDODDORR WLPL\DDGL\DDWDGL\DD VH\LWDDQRR
G H F H S W L R Q  QILORRNHWXURRQHHQHH G H O L F L R X V Q H V V  QGL\DD G H Y L O  D  N L Q G  R I  V K R U W   Q
WDSDOHH G H O L Y H U  YMLLGLZXOXX NRQGRURØR
G H F L G H  YNLLWL\RNXQWX G H O L Y H U L Q J  QZXOXZR G H Z  QEDQMRRNRPERR
G H F L G H G  YNXPRRNXQWX G H O L Y H U L Q J   O D E R X U  QWLØR G L D E H W H V  QVXNXUXNXXUDØR
G H F L H Y H  YQHHQHH G H P D U F D W H  QVXPDØ G L D P R Q G  QOXXOXXZR
G H F O D U D W L R Q  QEDQNHH G H P D U F D W H  YQXXQHH G L D U U K R H D  QNRQRED\RR
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G L E E O H  YOXSD G L V F L S O L Q H G  YQNXOXXWD G L V V D W L V I D F W L R Q  QZDVDEDOL\DD
G L F L S O L Q H  QKRURPRR G L V F L S O L Q L Q J  QNXOXXURRNXOXZR MXVXERR
G L H  YEHOHIDD)DDWXIDDIDDVDD G L V F O R V H  YWHQNHUHØZDDxDDUL G L V V R O Y H  Y\RR\
G L H  Q D W X U D O O \  YMLID G L V F O R V H  D  V H F U H W   YWHQNHUHØ G L V V R O Y H G  YQ\RR\LWD
G L I I H U H Q F H  QIDWDQIDQVRR G L V F O R V H G  VYODQNHQHPDULØ G L V W D Q F H  QMDQIRR
G L I I H U H Q W  DGMIDWD G L V F O R V H G  YODQNHQHPD G L V W L Q J X L V K  YIDUDQIDQVL
G L I I H U H Q W  F R O R U V  DGMIDQWDØIDQWDØ ODQNHQHPDWD G L V W L Q J X L V K H G  DGMIDUDQPDQVD
G L I I H U H Q W L D W H  YIDUDQIDQVL G L V F O R V H G  YQZDDxDDULWD G L V W U L F W  QVHHIXEDQNRRWXQGRR
IDWDQIDQVL G L V F O R V L Q J  YQZDDxDDURR G L V X Q L W \  QEHPEDOL\DD
G L I I L F X O W  DGMNROHØRNROH\DD G L V F R  D U H Q D  QEDDORR G L W F K  QGLQNRR
NROH\DDWDNROH\DDULØNROH\DDULØR G L V F R P I R U W  QILWL\R G L Y H U V L R Q  QODQIHHODPIHH
PDQHHULØ G L V F R Q W H Q W  QZDVDEDOL\DD G L Y H U V L R Q  U R D G   QODQIHHVLORR
G L I I L F X O W  YFDXV G L V F R X U D J H G  DGMMLNLODWHH G L Y H U W  YODPIHH
G L I I L F X O W  QNROH\DDNROH\DQGL G L V F R X U D J H G   E \  D  S U H Y L R X  DGM G L Y L G H  YWDODD
G L I I L F X O W  R Q H  QNROHPDD NLMRRERWD G L Y L G H G  YWDODDWD
G L J  YVLØ G L V F U L P L Q D W H  YIDWDQIDQVLNHVHØ G L Y L G H G  DGMWDODDULØ
G L J J H U  QVLQGDØRVRPERR G L V F X V V  YNXØORRWDNDFDD G L Y L V L R Q  L Q  D  Y L O O D J H  QNDDELLORR
G L J J H U   Z H O O   QNRORQVLQQDD G L V F X V V  V H F U H W O \  YNXØORR G L Y R U F H  QIXWXXEDØRPXVXEXORR
G L J R X W  YZLUL G L V F X V V H G  YQ.DFDDWD G L Y R U F L Q J  R Q H
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G L N H  QEDODØR G L V F X V V L Q J  QNDFDD PXVXEXORR
G L O L J H Q F H  QVRREHH G L V F X V V L R Q  QNDFDD G L ] ] L Q H V V  QxDDPLQLØR
G L O L J H Q W  DGMVRREH\DDWD G L V H D V H  QNXXUDØR G R  YZDDNH
VRREHH\DDULØVRREHH\DULØR G L V J U D F H  QPDORR G R  D  I R X U W K  W L P H  YQDDQLQMDØ
VRREHH\DD G L V J U D F H  YPDOXQGL G R  D  V H F R Q G  W L P H  YIXODQMDØ
G L O L J H Q W O \  DGYVRREHHNH G L V J U D F L Q J  QPDOXQGLURR G R  D  V L [ W K  W L P H  YZRRURQMDØ
G L O X W H  YFXQWLMXPEX PDOXQGRR G R  D  W K L U G  W L P H  YVDEDQMDØ
G L O X W H G  YMXPEXWD G L V J X V W H G  DGMIDVL G R  D E R X W  YNXWXWHH
G L Q H  YVLLPDØ G L V K  YNDOHH G R  D J D L Q  YVD\LQNDØVH\LQNDØ
G L Q Q H U  QVLLPDØR G L V K  R X W  I R R G  I R U  V R P H R Q H  Y G R  I R U  V R P H W L P H  YIDDPDWD
G L S  YEXOD QLLER G R  I R U  W K H  H L J K W K  W L P H  YVH\LQMDØ
G L S  L Q  E O X H  YEXOXX G L V K R Q H V W  YDMHQNHWD G R  V P L W K  Z R U N  YWXQNDØ
G L U H F W  YWDDPDQVHHUL G L V K R Q H V W  DGMMHQNHULØR G R F N H U  QGRRNDDVRR
G L U H F W L R Q  QPDDIDØPDDIDØR WDSDOHH\DDWDWDSDOHH\DDULØ G R F W R U  QGRNLWDURR
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G L V D E O H  DGMQDDVLWDQDDVLULØ WLOLQEDOL\DD G R J  I L V K  QMLLWRZXORR
G L V D E O H G  YQDDVL G L V O L N H  QWDQD G R O O  QWXEDDEXGLØR
G L V D E O H G  DGMQDDVLULØR G L V O L N H  YNRØ G R O S K L Q  QNXQWXPEHORR
G L V D J U H H P H Q W  QEHPEDOL\DD G L V O R F D W H  YNXELNXSLQGL G R P L Q D W H  YNXWX
G L V D J U H H V  QEDODQQDD G L V O R F D W H G  YNXSLNXSLWD G R Q D W H  YMDQVD
G L V D S S H D U  Y\HHPDØ G L V O R F D W L R Q  QNXERR G R Q D W L R Q  QMDQVRR
G L V D S S H D U H G  Y\HHPDQWD G L V P D Q W O H  YMDQMDØNRORØ G R Q H  D  I R X U W K  W L P H   YD
G L V D S S H D U L Q J  Q\HHPDØR G L V P D Q W O H G  YNRORQGLØNRORQWD QDDQLQMDQWD
G L V D S S R L Q W P H Q W  QMLNLWLxDD G L V P D Q W O L Q J  YQMDQMDQGLURR G R Q H  D  V L [ W K  W L P H  YZRRURQMDQWD
G L V D V W H U  QDOLEDODDMDDMDDQRR G L V P L V V  YED\ G R Q H  D  W K L U G  W L P H  YDVDEDQMDQWD
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G R X J K W Q X W  QFRSRWL G U X Q N  DGMFDDNLNXØRNXOL\DDWD H D W  G L Q Q H U  YVLLPDØ
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G R Z Q  DGYGXXPD G U X Q N  S H U V R Q  QVLLUDWRRWXXWRR H D W L Q J  QGRPRURR
G R Z Q F D V W  DGMMLUDQGLØMLUDQGLØR G U X Q N D U G  QVLLUDWRR H F R Q R P \  QIDQNRR
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G R ] H  YMLQNRR G U \  DGMMDDMDDULØRMDDULØ H G L E O H  W K L Q J  QGRPRWDD
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J O H D Q H U  QIHHIHHULODD J R R G  QEHWHPDDNHHNXXWD J U H D W  P \ V W L F  P D Q  QZROL\R
J O H D Q L Q J  YQIHHIHHURR NHQGHPDD J U H D W  S H U V R Q  QVDQNDODØR
J O H D Q L Q J  S H D Q X W V  QWL\DNDUDØR J R R G  DGMEHWRRNHHNXXULØ J U H D W  W H D F K H U  Q.DUDPEDD
J O L W W H U YPDODPDODxHOLxHOL NHQGHPDDNHQGRRNHVH J U H D W  Z R P D Q  QxDDQRR
ØHOLØHOL NDDUDQWHHULØRxLLPDDEHWH\DD J U H D W J U D Q G  F K L O G  QPXPXULØR
J O L W W H U L Q J  QPDODPDORR xLLxDDWD J U H D W J U D Q G  S D U H Q W   QPXPRR
* O R V V \  V W D U O L Q J  QZX\DDZX\DD J R R G  D I W H U Q R R Q  QLWLLQDØ J U H D W J U D Q G  S D U H Q W  QPXPX
J O R Z L Q J  DGMNHQWDNHQGLØ J R R G  G H H G  QNXXNHQGRR J U H D W Q H V V  QILVDPDQWHH\DD
J O X H  YNROHHQDSXQGL J R R G  H Y H Q L Q J  QLZXODDUD J U H D W Q H V V   J R G   Q0DQVDEDD\DD
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J O X H   H W F   YQDSX J R R G  I R U W X Q H  QKDULMHHGL\DD J U H H G L Q H V V  QNRQRZDURR
J O X H G  YQQDSXWD PDQWDDEHØRVDDEXxLLPDD J U H H G \  DGMKDGXPHKDGXPHWD
J O X H G  DGMNROHHULØNROHHULØR J R R G  K H D O W K  QMDDWDNHQGH\DD KDGXPHULØ
J O X H G  YNROHHWD NHQGH\DD J U H H G \  S H U V R Q  QKDGXPHQWXØR
J O X H G  VYQDSXULØ J R R G  O X F N  QIDODGL\DD J U H H Q  DGMMDPEDNHUHMDPEDNHURR
J O X W W R Q  QNRQRPRRNRQRPRR\DD PDQWDDEHØRVDDEXxLLPDD J U H H Q  O H D I  QGXQNXWRR
QXXPDD J R R G  P D Q Q H U H G  DGMVLELODD\LV J U H H Q  O H D Y H   H G L E O H   Q
J R R G  P L Q G  QKDNLOLxLLPDD NHUHQNHUHØR
J R R G  P R U Q L Q J  QLVDDPD

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JUHHQ English-Mandinka
J U H H Q  V Q D N H  QMDPEDNDWDQVDD J X L W D U  QMLWDDMLWDDURR K D S S H Q  X Q H [ S H F W H G O \  YWHUHQGL
MDPEDNRWRVDD J X O I  H W F   QWRURQNRVRR K D S S H Q H G  YNHWD
J U H H Q  W H D  QDWDD\DD J X O S  O L T X L G  YKDDEX K D S S H Q H G  D F F L G H Q W D O O \  Y
J U H H W  YNRQWRØ J X P  YNROHH ODxLQLWD
J U H H W  L Q  W K H  H Y H Q L Q J  YZXODDUD J X P  QGDZRR K D S S H Q L Q J  YNHHULØ
J U H H W   L Q  W K H  P R U Q L Q J   YVDDPD J X P  R I  W K H  P R X W K  QWLPRR K D S S L Q H V V  QNRQWDDQRRPDDGL\DD
J U H H W L Q J  QNRQWRQGLURRNRQWRØR J X Q  QNLGLGRRURRNLGLIDORR VHHZRR
PDDOHHNXPVDODDP NLGLMXZRNLGRR K D S S \  DGMNRQWDDQLNRQWDDQLWD
J U H H W L Q J V  QNRQWRQGLURR J X Q  O R D G  QVRVRR NRQWDDQLULØPDDGL\DDPDDGL\DDWD
J U H H W L Q J V  I R U  D  Z R U N H U  LQLØEDDUD J X Q S R Z G H U  QNLGLPXQNRR PDDGL\DDULØMXVXODDMXVXODDWD
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J U H \  E U H D G  W U H H  Q7DPEDD K D E L W X D O  L P S H U D W L Y H  DYNDOL K D U G  YFDXV
J U H \  K H U R Q  QMHHEDØR K D G  D  E U H D N G R Z Q  YSDDQLWD K D U G  DGMMDDMDDULØRNROH\DD
J U H \  S O X P  Q7DPEDD K D G  F R Q I U R Q W D W L R Q  YMDQMXQWD NROH\DDWDNROH\DDULØNROH\DDULØR
J U L H Y D Q F H  QILLMRR  + D I L M R R   QKDDILML\DD MDDULØEDPEDQGLØR
J U L Q G  S H D Q X W  Y6LLVLL K D L U  QNXQWLxRRWL\R K D U G  QEDPEDQGLØRNROH\DQGL
J U L Q G L Q J  QVLLURR K D L U  F U H D P  QNXQWLxDWXORR K D U G  YDMDDWD
J U R D Q  YØXQWDØ K D L U  L Q  W K H  Q R V W U L O V  QQXQWL\R K D U G  V R L O  QGDWRR
J U R D Q H G  YQØXQWDQWD K D L U  R I  V K H H S  QVDDWL\R K D U G  Z R U N H U  QWLPSRR
J U R D Q L Q J  QØXQWDØR K D O I  QKDDIRRWDODDWDODQWHHPRR K D U G H Q  YEDPEDQGL
J U R X Q G  QEDQNXPHWRR WDODQWHHWRR K D U G Q H V V  QEDPEDØR
J U R X Q G  VYMXUXULØ K D O I  E X Q G O H  R I  P L O O H W  QSDNDQNRR K D U G V K L S  QNROH\DD
J U R X Q G  DGMMXUXULØR K D O I  N L O R  QOLLEDURR K D U G Z R U N  QWHHVLWRR
J U R X Q G  L Q  S L H F H V  YMXUXWD K D O O  QKRRORR K D U P  YNDDxL
J U R X Q G  L Q W R  I O R X U  YMXUXWD K D P P H U  QPDULWRR K D U Y H V W  Y.DWL
J U R X Q G  V T X L U U H O  QGXPDNHUHØR K D P P H U  YFXSDSHPSHØ K D U Y H V W   S H D Q X W   YVRR
J U R X Q G Q X W  QWL\RR K D P P R F N  QIDD\DQMDORR K D U Y H V W  V H D V R Q  QVDQMDDQRR
J U R X S  QERURRNRPSLQRRNRRUHH K D Q G  QEXORREXOXMLQVRR K D U Y H V W H G  YNDWLWD
NXURRNDIRR EXOXWLQVRR K D U Y H V W H U  QNDWLULODD
J U R X S  YNXUX K D Q G  E D J  QVDNRRVRR K D U Y H V W L Q J  QILQGLNDDNDWLURR
J U R X S  P H H W L Q J  QNDIXEHØR K D Q G  I D Q  QIHHUDØRILQMDULODØR K D U Y H V W L Q J  U L F H  QPDDQLNDWRR
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J U R Y H  QNXURR K D Q G  I X O O   R I  U L F H   QFDIRR K D V  D  E U H D N G R Z Q  YSDDQLWD
J U R Z  R O G  YNHHEDD\DD K D Q G  V K D N H  QEXOXGXØR K D V  D  E U H D N G R Z Q  VYSDDQLULØ
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J U R Z O  YØXXUD NDUWDDEXORRNXIRR WXORRGL\DDWD
J U R Z Q  DGMNDPDOL K D Q G I X O  QEXOXIDD K D V  D  S R R U  K H D U L Q J  DGMWXORR
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J U X Q W  YØXXUD K D Q G O H  F D U H I X O O \  YPDDNXX K D V  F O L P E H G  VYVHOHULØ
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J X D U D Q W H H L Q J  QVDQND\DD K D Q G V R P H  DGMxLLPDDEHWH\DD K D V  F U D Z O H G  YQNXUXQWXWD
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K D V  I R U J R W W H Q  YQxLQDWD K D Y H  Q R   P H D Q V   DGMNRULWD K H O P H W  QNDVLNHWRRQDDIRR
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K D V  O H D Q H G  YQDMLWD K D Y L Q J  D  O R Z  F X W  YQPHVRR K H O S O H V V  DGMNRULWD
K D V  P R Y H G  YQxRULWD K D Y L Q J  D  V H F R Q G  I X Q H U D O  Q K H O S O H V V  QNRULULØ
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K D V  S U R V W U D W H G  YDVXMXGLWD K H  VSQDWHD K H P P L Q J  QKHPRR
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K D V  U H W X U Q H G  YPXUXWDPXUXQWD K H D G  QNXQWLxRRNXØRWL\R K H Q  Z L W K  F K L F N V  QVLLVHHGLPEDD
K D V  V P L O H G  YPXXxXWD K H D G  F D U U \  YGXQL K H Q F H  FRQMEDDZRRED\LUL
K D V  V R O L G L I L H G  DGMVLPELWD K H D G  F R Y H U  QGLVRRNXPELWLUDØR K H Q Q D   I R U  W K H  I H H W    QIXGDQRR
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K D V  V W D U W H G  YQNXPDDVLWD K H D G  R I  V W D W H  QEDQNXWL\R K H U  SDDWHOD
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K D Y H  D  W D V W H  YQHQH K H D U W  QMXVRRNLMRR K L F F R X J K L Q J  QKLGLNRR
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KLJKO\ English-Mandinka
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L P S U H J Q D W H  YNRQRPDQGL , Q G L D Q  M X M X E H  QWRPERURØR L Q W H U S U H W  YNDQQDVRRUL
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R Q H  Z K R  D E D Q G R Q H V  Q R Q O \  DGMGDPPDDGRURØ R Z Q  SRVWSIDQVXØ
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R Q H  Z K R  F D Q  V S H D N  QGDDODPDD R S H Q  DGM\HOHULØR R Z Q H U  QNRULGDDWL\RPDDULL
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S D L Q W L Q J  QSHQWXURR S D W F K  QSDDMLVRR S H H O L Q J  YQOHVRROHVHURR
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U H P H P E H U H G  YKDNLORREXODWD MDDELMDDEL U L F K  S H U V R Q  QIDQNDPDD
U H P H P E H U L Q J  QNXØREHWH\DDWD U H V S R Q G L Q J  QMDDELURR U L F K Q H V V  QQDDIXOXWLL\DD
U H P L Q G  YPDDPDQGL MLQNDQGLURRMLQNDØR U L G J H  QEDOLØR
KDNLORREXODQGL U H V S R Q V H  QMDDELURR U L G L Q J  YQERULQGRR
U H P L Q G L Q J  YQPDDPDQGLURR U H V S R Q V H  W R  D  F D O O  H[QDDP U L J K W  YQxDQWD
U H P R Y H  YMHQNHQGLORNRWLERQGL QDDPQDDPX U L J K W  DGMVDKDVDKDWDVDKD\DDULØ
U H P R Y L Q J  YQERQGRR U H V S R Q V L E L O L W \  QORRGXODD U L J K W  QNHHNXXWD
U H Q H Z  YNXWD\DQGL PXUDDGRRVRRORR U L J K W  YERORRVDKDQGL
U H Q W  QOXZDVRR U H V S R Q V L E O H  I R U  NXQQD U L J K W  K D Q G  QEXOXEDD
U H Q W  YOXZDDVL U H V W  YGDKDDIRxR U L J K W  K D Q G  V L G H  QEXOXEDD
U H Q W D O  QOXZDDVRR UHVWDOLWWOHYIRxRQGLØ U L J K W  L Q V L G H  DGYVXUXN
U H Q W H G  YQOXZDDVLWD U H V W  G D \  QORREXORRORREXODOXØR U L J K W  P D Q Q H U  QxDDPD
U H Q W L Q J  QOXZDDVRR U H V W D X U D Q W  QSDDVL\RØR U L J K W  Z D \  QxDDPD
U H S D L U  YGDGDD U H V W L Q J  QIRxRQGLØR U L J K W H R X V  DGMxLLPDD
U H S H D W  YIXODQMDØVD\LQNDØ UHWDLODGYGDDVDD U L J K W H R X V Q H V V  QERORR
VH\LQNDØ U H W D O L D W H  YMRR U L J K W R X V  QNXQQDGL\R
- 144 -
ULP English-Mandinka
U L P  R I  D  Z K H H O  QULLPRR U R X J K O \  YMXEXUXQGLPRQMRPRQMR V D I H  QDUDQNHHVRR
U L Q J  Z R U P  QILLWHH U R X J K O \  D U U D Q J H G   W H H W K   DGM V D I W \  S L Q  QSLLQRR
U L Q V H  YNXFXNXFX VDNDOL V D L G  YNRNR
U L S H Q  YNXPXQGL U R X J K O \  D U U D Q J H G  W H H W K   DGM V D L O QEDVDIDDQRREDVRR
U L S H Q L Q J  I R R G  YQIXIDURR VDNDOLULØVDNDOLWD NXOXQEDVRR
U L S H Q L Q J  I U X L W V  YQIXIRR U R X J K O \  F U H D V H G  DGMURPSXO V D L O  E R D W  QEDVDNXOXØR
U L V H  YIXXVD URPSXOXWDURPSXOXULØ V D L Q W  QZROL\R
U L V H  X S  YZLOLZXOL URPSXOXULØR V D N H  SRVWSNDPPD
U LY D OQIDDGLØRVLLQDD U R X J K O \  X Q W L G \  DGMxDQND V D O D G  R L O  QGLZLOLLQRR
U L Y H U  QEDD xDQNDWDxDQNDULØxDQNDULØR V D O D U \  QMRR
U L Y H U  E D Q N  QEDDWLQWRREDDGDDOD U R X Q G  YPXUXWDPXUXØPXUXØ V D O L Y D  Q\RRORR
U L Y H U  M X Q F W L R Q  QEDDIDWRR U R X Q G  DGMPXOXPXOXPXUX V D O W  QNRR
U R D G  DGMVLORR PXUXULØ V D O W  DGMNRR
U R D G  R W K H U  W K D Q  W K H  P D L Q  Q U R X Q G  K R X V H  QPXUXEXØR V D O W  E D V N H W  H W F   QGDPSRR
ODQIHHVLORR U R X Q G  O L N H  D  E D O O  DGMPXOXPXOX V D O W \  DGMNRRPDDNRR
U R D P  Y\DDUD<DD\ U R Z  QIDODØRUDØR V D O X W D W L R Q  QNRQWRQGLURR
U R D P  D E R X W  L G O \  Y\XXUX\DDUD U R Z  E R D W  QEDUDD V D O Y D J H  YNLLVD
U R D P H G  Q\DDUDWD U X E  YPDQDQNDVXXVDDWLULWLUL V D O Y D W L R Q  QNLLVRR
U R D P H G  Y\DD\LWD WXXWXX V D P H  DGMNLOLØNLOLQ\DDNLOLQ\DDWD
U R D P L Q J  Q\DD\RR U X E  R Q  D  V X U I D F H  YPRRVLL V D P H  QNLOLØR
U R D P L Q J  D E R X W  YQ\XXUX\DDURR U X E E H G  YQWXXWXXWD V D P S O H  QWDDPDQVHHURR
U R D U  YEXQEXØØXXUD U X E E H G  DGMWXXWXXULØ V D Q G  QNHxHNHxRRNHxRR
U R D V W  L Q  K R W  D V K  YEXUXX U X E E H U  QIRROHHWXXWXXUDØR V D Q G I O \  QPHUHQWRRPXWXPXWRR
U R D V W H G  YMDQLWD U X E E L V K  QxDDPRR V D Q J  U H O L J L R X V  V R Q J V  Y
U R D V W H G  VYMDQLULØ U X E E L V K  G X P S  Q6XQWXNXØ VXXNXXWD
U R D V W H G  DGMMDQLULØR U X E  W K H  H \ H V  H W F   YWRURWRUR V D Q N  YPLNLWDWXXQHQWD
U R D V W H G  S H D Q X W V  QWL\D\LODULØR U X G H  DGMGDDWLxDDULØRIDUDWLQL\R V D S  QxDDML\R
U R D V W H G  S H D Q X W V  V D O W \   Q GL\DDWDQL\RZDUDWDKRURPDQWDØR V D S  R I  W K L V  W U H H  D V  QVDQWDØ
PDUDEDD U X G H Q H V V  QIDUDWRRNXOXXEDOL\DD xDDML\R
U R D V W L Q J  QMDQRR U X O H  YPDUD  6 D U D   Q6DDUD
U R E  YxDSLQNDØER\LQNDØ U X O H U  QPDUDODD V D U R Q J  QEHOHPERRIDDQRR
U R E E H U  QER\LQNDQQDD U X O H U  DGMPDQVRR MRQNLUDØR
xDSLQNDQQDD U X O H U V K L S  QPDQVD\DD V D W L V I D F W L R Q  QNRQRIDDVHHZRR
U R E E L Q J  YQER\LQNDØR U X O L Q J  QPDUDURR V D W L V I L H G  DGMMXVRRVXPX\DDWD
U R F N  QNXWXNDWRREHURR U X P R U  YØXQXØXQX :DVDZDVDWDZDVDULØ
U R G  QGRRURR U X P R U  QØXQXØXQRR 6 D W X U G D \  Q6LELWLOXØR6LELWRR
UROO YNRR U X Q  YERULERULQGL V D X F H  QVRRVRR
U R O O   H J  S D S H U   YPRURPRUR U X Q  D I W H U  YED\LQGL V D Y H  YNLLVDNLLVDQGLPDDER
U R O O  R Q  W K H  J U R X Q G  YELGLELGL U X Q Q H U  QERULODD VXWXUD
U R R I  QNDQNDUDØR U X Q Q L Q J  QERURR V D Y H  QPDDERRPDDERGXODD
U R R I  YWLED U X V K  YNLGL V D Y H  I U R P  YNDDUL
U R R I H G  YQWLEDWD U X V W  QNRPRØR V D Y H  I U R P  W U R X E O H  H W  YWDQND
U R R I H G   W K D W F K H G  VYWLEDULØ U X V W H G  DGMNRPRQWD V D Y H G  VYWDQNDULØ
U R R I L Q J  YQWLERRWLEDURR U X V W \  DGMNRPRØNRPRQWD V D Y H G  YWDQNDWD
U R R P  QNRQRR NRPRQGLØNRPRQGLØR V D Y H G  S H U V R Q  QNXQQDGL\R
U R R W  R I  D  S O D Q W  QVXORR V D F N  QERRWRR V D Y H  I U R P  L O O  O X F N   H W F   YZDWL
U R S H  QMXORR V D G  DGMMLUDQGLØMLUDQGLØRMLUDØ V D Z  QVHHURR
U R S H  YMXORRNDGD MXVRRNX\DDWDVXQXVXQXULØR V D Z  G X V W  QEDEDUDPXQNRR
U R S H G  VYNXWLQGLØNDGDULØ VXQXULØVXQXWD V D [ R S K R Q H  QIHHWDØR
U R S H G  YNDGDWD V D G  QNXXPDD V D \  YIRNRIRIRIRNR
U R S L Q J  QNXWLØR V D G  YNXPERQGL V D \ L Q J  YQIRR
U R V D U \  QWDVDED\RR V D G G H Q  YMLUDQGLMXVRRNX\DQGL V F D E  QPDDGLLIDWRR
U R V H  YQVHOHWD VXQXQGLNDPIDQGL V F D E E L H V  QNDWRR
U R V H  X S  YQZXOLWD V D G G O H  QNLULNHH V F D O H  YZDDVL
U R W W H Q  DGMWROLWROLWDWROLULØR V D G G O H  E L O O  V W R U N  QKHOORR V F D O H  QEDODQVRREDVLNLORR
WROLULØ V D G Q H V V  QMLUDØRMXVXNX\DD V F D O H    I L V K   H W F   YZDVDZDVD
U R W W H Q Q H V V  QWRORR QLLNX\DDQLLWRRURRVXQRR V F D O H  R I  I L V K  QxHHIDWRR
U R X J K  DGMVDNDOLVDNDOLWD V D I H  DGMNR\NR\LWDNR\RR V F D O H G  YQZDDVLWD
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 English-Mandinka VFDOHG
V F D O H G  DGMZDDVLULØZDDVLULØR V H D  V Q D L O  QVHHIRR V H O H F W L R Q  YQWRPERQGLURR
V F D O H G  R I I  I L V K   YQZDVDZDVDWD V H D  V Q D N H  QEDDNRQRVDD V H O I  QIDØR
V F D O L Q J  YQZDDVRR V H D  Z D W H U  QEDDML\R V H O I  F R Q W U R O  QIDØPXWRR
V F D U  QEDUDPDQRRNXODDWRR V H D  Z D Y H  QEDOLØR V H O I  G L V F L S O L Q H  QIDØPXWRR
PDDGLLQRR V H D K X Q W H U  QEDDGDQQRR V H O I  H Q H P \  QIDQMDZRR
V F D U  P D G H  R Q  W K H  F K H F N V  Q V H D K X Q W L Q J  YQEDDGHHPRR V H O I  K H O S  QIDQGHHPDD
WDPDIDURR V H D O  YQRWR V H O I  K H O S H U  QIDQGHHPDDODD
V F D U F H  DGMPDQNLPDQNLWD V H D O  D  K R O H   E R W W O H  H W F   YxRNX V H O I  V X I I L F L H Q F \  QIDØVRWRR
PDQNLULØ V H D P V W U H V V  QNDUDOLODDNDUDULODD V H O O YILLULZDDIL
V F D U F L W \  QIHHWRRMLLNXZRNXZR V H D U F K  YZLVLWHH V H O O  E \  D X F W L R Q  YZDQWHHUL
PDQNRR V H D U F K  I R U  YxLQLxLQLØ V H O O H U  QZDDILULODD
V F D U H  YVLODQGL V H D U F K L Q J  QZLVLWHHURR V H O O L Q J  YQILLURRZDDILURR
V F D U H  F U R Z  QMXEXUXODØR V H D V L G H  QEDDEDORREDDGDD V H O O L Q J  QZDDIRR
V F D U H G  DGMVLODWDVLODQGLØ EDDGDQGDØREDDGHQGHØR V H O O L Q J  E \  D X F W L R Q  YQZDQWHHURR
V F D U H G  DGMVLODØ EDDMHQMHØR V H O O L Q J  R Q  F U H G L W  YQGRQWRURR
V F D U I  QNXPELWLUDØRNDDORR V H D V R Q  D U R X Q G  6 H S W H P E H U   Q V H O O L Q J  S O D F H  QILLULGXODD
V F D U I  I R U  W K H  Q H F N  Q NXQFDDPDDURR V H P H Q  QPDQL\RPDQLLML\R
NDQPLQLQGDØR V H D W  QVLLGXODDVLLUDØR V H Q G  YNLL
V F D U L Q J  QSLLSLLURR V H D W  R I  D  W U R X V H U  QEX\RR V H Q G  D Z D \  YED\
V F D U L Q J  YQVLODQGLURRVLODQGRR V H F R Q G    Q G   QIXODQMDØR V H Q G L Q J  QNLLODDUL\DD
V F D W W H U  YFDDULMDIDMDIDMDQMDØ V H F R Q G  I X Q H U D O  QVDØDZXOLQGRR 6 H Q H J D O  I L U H I L Q F K  Q
MDQMDQGL V H F R Q G  L Q  F R P P D Q G  Q PRRULNXQXQGLØR
V F D W W H U  X Q W L G L O \  YxDNDxDND QRRPDODQNRR V H Q L R U  Z L I H  QPXVXNHHEDD
V F D W W H U H G  X Q W L G L O \  DGMxDNDxDNDWD V H F R Q G  O X Q D U  P R Q W K  Q.HHNRWRR V H Q V H  QVXXIRR
xDNDxDNDULØ V H F U H F \  QVXWXURR V H Q V H O H V V  DGMKDNLOLQWDØR
V F D W W H U L Q J  YQMDQMDQGLURR V H F U H W  DGMOXNDULØR V H Q V H O H V V Q H V V  QKDNLOLQWDQ\DD
V F H Q W  QNDVRRQRRURRVXQNDØR V H F U H W  QDOLNXQXXWRRNXOORR V H Q V L E O H  DGMKDNLOLPDD
V F K R R O  QNDUDPEXØR NXØORROXNRRVXWXURR V H Q V L E O H  S H U V R Q  QKDNLOLWL\R
V F K R R O  F K L O G  QNDUDPEXQWR V H F U H W  G L V F X V V L R Q  QNXØORR V H Q V L E O L W \  QKDNLOLPDD\DD
GLQGLØR V H F U H W  N Q R Z O H G J H  QGDOLLORR V H S D U D W H  YMDQMDQGLNDQMX
V F R R S  YNRR V H F U H W  W D O N  QNXOORR V H S D U D W H G  DGMWDODDULØ
V F R U F K  YEXUXEXUX V H F U H W L Y H  DGMNXØORRNXØORRWD V H S D U D W H U  QNDQMXULODD
V F R U S L R Q  QEXQWDORR OXNDULØRVXWXUDVXWXUDWDVXWXUDULØ V H S D U D W L Q J  QNDQMXURR
V F U D P E O H  YIXXIXX VXWXUDULØR V H S H U D W H  YWDODD
V F U D W F K  YØDxDDØRURRWLZDUDVL V H F U H W O \  U H W X U Q  D  V W R O H Q J  Y V H S H U D W H G  YWDODDWD
V F U D W F K L Q J  QØRURRWLURR \HHEX 6 H S W H P E H U  Q6HNLWHPED
V F U D W F K L Q J  YQØDxDDURR V H F X U H  V R P H R Q H  YVXWXUD V H U L R X V  DGMEDUDNDEDUDNDPDD
V F U H D P  YOHPEDZLLVD V H F X U H G  DGMVXWXUDWDVXWXUDULØ NXØRIDDWDNXØRNXOL\DDWDNDDWL
V F U H H Q  YWHQWHØ7RPERØ VXWXUDULØR VDØDUDVDQDUDWDVDØDUDULØ
V F U H H Q   O L T X L G   YVRQVRØ V H F X U L W \  QVXWXURRWDQNRR VRREH\DDWDVRREHH\DDULØ
V F U H H Q  Z L W K  D  V L I W  Y\RR\DD V H G L P H Q W  L Q  V D X F H  QGXXURR VRREHH\DULØRVRREHH\DDZDMDEL
V F U H H Q H G  YSDDVXZDDULWD V H H  QMDIRRMXXEHHMH ZDMDELWDZDMDELULØMDZX\DDULØ
V F U H H Q H U  QSDDVXZDDURR V H H  YMLLEHHMH V H U L R X V  YNXØRIDQGL
V F U H H Q L Q J  VYWHQWHQGLURR V H H   N D P   YNDQLØ V H U L R X V  F R X J K  QWRRWRRMDZRR
V F U H H Q L Q J  YQWRPERQGLURR V H H   O X Z D D V D Z X Ú   YOXZDDWLLxDD V H U L R X V  W K L Q J  QMDDMDDQRR
V F U H H Q L Q J   S H D Q X W V   Q V H H   Q D D N L W R I H Ú R O X   QQDDNL V H U L R X V O \  DGYVRREHHNH
SDDVXZDDURR IHØROX V H U L R X V O \  L O O  DGMNXXUDQWD
V F U H W F K H U  QVDPEDD V H H   x D D I D O D V R R   QxDDIDODNDVRR NXXUDQGLØNXXUDØ
V F U H Z  YVHHUHH V H H   V H H O R R   QVHOHQVHOHQGDØR V H U L R X V O \  V L F N  DGMNXXUDQGLØR
V F U H Z  G U L Y H U  QWXUXQHHZLLVRR V H H G  QNHVRRNXORR V H U L R X V Q H V V  QVDØDURRVRREHH
V F U X E  QMRRVLUDØR V H H G  I R U  S O D Q W L Q J  QWXURR V H U L R X V Q H V V  S H U V R Q   QNDOD
V F U X E  YVXXVDD V H H G H U  QFXPXZDDURRILLULODØR V H U P R Q  Q.XWXERR
V F U X E  Z K L O H  F O H D Q L Q J  YMRRVL V H H L Q J  YQMHH V H U Y D Q W  QPHWLODQNRRVXUXNDD
V F U X E E L Q J  QVXXVDD V H H  N R Q R R  W L x D D   YNRQRR V H V D P H  QEHQRR
V F U X E E L Q J  W R R O  QVXXVDDUDØR ERQGLER V H W  YODDODDODD
V H D  QEDD V H O H F W  YNHVHØ7RPERØ V H W  R Q  D  V W R Y H  YMRQNL
V H D  V K R U H  QEDDWLQWRR V H O H F W H G  S H U V R Q  QWRPERQPRR V H W W L Q J  QODDURR
V H D  V L F N Q H V V  QEDDNRQRVDDVDD V H O H F W L Q J  YQWRPERQGLURR V H W W O H  YEDMRQNLODDODDODD
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VHYHQ English-Mandinka
V H Y H Q  DGMZRUXZXOD V K H S K H U G  QNDQWDULODDNDQWDODD V K R Z  S U L G H  L Q  Y\DQGDD
V H Y H Q W K  R Q H  QZRURZXODQMDØR V K L I W  YxRUL V K R Z  S U L G H  L Q  V R P H W K L Q J  Y
V H Y H U H  DGMMDZX\DDMDZX\DDULØ V K L I W  QNDWWD ØDDxDD
V H Z  YNDUD V K L Q  QNHOHØR V K R Z H G  S U L G H  L Q  Y\DQGDDWD
V H Z L Q J  QNDUDORRNDUDURR V K L Q  E R Q H  QNHOHQNXORR V K R Z L Q J  Q\LWDQGLURR
V H Z L Q J  H T X L S P H Q W  QNDUDULODØR V K L Q H  YPDODPDOD V K R Z L Q J  E H L Q J  S O H D V H G  L Q   Q
V H Z L Q J  P D F K L Q H  QNDUDULODØ V K L Q H  QPDODPDORR \DQGDD
PDVLØR V K L Q L Q J  QPDODPDORR V K R Z L Q J  O D F N  QWDØR
V H Z L Q J  P H F K L Q H  QNDUDOLODØR V K L S  QEDWRØRNXOXØRVLLVLLNXOXØR V K R Z L Q J  S U L G H  L Q  Q\DQGDD
V H Z L Q J  W R R O  QNDUDOLODØR V K L U W  QGHQGLNRRGRQGLNRR V K R Z L Q J  V X U S U L V H  H[ODD\LODD
V H Z Q  VYNDUDULØ VLPLLVRR PEDDNRRNRRZD\MHH
V H Z Q  YQNDUDWD V K L Y H U  YMDUDMDUD V K U L P S  QVLSDDVLSDVLSDQGHULØ
V H [  QNHHNXZRxRRNRGHHVHPH V K R H  QVDPDWRR QGHULØR
V H [  P D W H  QODDxRR V K R H  O D F H  QVDPDWDMXORR V K U R X G  YNDVDQNHH
V H [  R U J D Q V  QOHQNRR V K R H  S R O L V K  QVDPDWDPXXUDØR V K U R X G  QNDVDQNHH
V K D G H  QGXEHØRQLLNDD V K R R W  YEXØ V K U X E  QILWRR
V K D G R Z  QQLLQL\R V K R S  QELWLNRRNXPIDD V K U X E   N L Q G  R I  D   YPDQDQNDDVRR
V K D I W  QNXØR V K R U H  E L U G  QEDDWRNXQXQGLØR V K \  QPDOXODD
V K D I W  R I  D  F D U W  QEDODQNDDURR V K R U W  DGMVXWL\DDVXWX\DDVXWL\DDWD V L E O L Q J  R I  R Q H  I D W K H U  QIDDGLØR
V K D I W  R I  D Q  D [  QWHHUDQIDORR VXWL\DDULØVXWL\DDULØRVXWXØR V L F N  YxRRNXxRRNXVDDVDD
V K D N H  YILWLILWLMDUDMDUDMLLMDDMLLMLL V K R U W  E U H D N  QIRxRQGLØR V L F N  DGMNXXUDQWDNXXUDQGLØ
PDDPDQGLPDDPDØ V K R U W  E \  DGMGDVDPDQNLWD NXXUDØNXXUDQGLØRPDDNX\DDULØ
V K D N L Q J  QPDDNDØR PDQNLULØ PDDNX\DDNDMHHWDVDDVDDWD
V K D N L Q J  YQPDDPDØR V K R U W  R I  YQDDVLQDDVLQGL VDDVDDULØVDDVDDULØRVDDVDD
V K D O O  QEHOD V K R U W  R I  DGMPDQNLQDDVLWD PDDNX\DDWD
V K D P H  QPDORR QDDVLULØQDDVLULØRPDQNLWD V L F N  QMDQNDULWRR
V K D P H O H V V  DGMPDOXEDOL\DDWD PDQNLULØ V L F N  R I  DGMORRER
PDOXEDORRPDOXEDOL\DDULØR V K R U W  R Q H  QVXWXPDD V L F N  R I  YSDVL
V K D P H O H V V  S H U V R Q  QPDOXEDORR V K R U W  S H U V R Q   H W F   QQGDDPD V L F N  S H U V R Q  QNXXUDQWRR
V K D P H O H V V Q H V V  QPDOXEDOL\DD V K R U W  S H U V R Q  F K L F N H Q  H W F  Q V L F N H Q  YVDDVDQGL
V K D S H  Z L W K  F R U Q H U V  QWRQNRPPD WXQNXQHH V L F N O H  QZRURWRR
V K D U H  YWDODD V K R U W  V O H H Y H  QEXOXVXWXØR V L F N O \  S H U V R Q  QMDQNDULWRR
V K D U H  QQL\R V K R U W  W H P S H U H G  QMXVXVXWL\DD V L F N Q H V V  QEDODPDDNX\DD
V K D U H G  YWDODDWD V K R U W D J H  QPDQNRR ID\LULODDMDQNDURRNXXUDØR
V K D U H G  DGMWDODDULØ V K R U W D J H  R I  Z D W H U  QMLLNXZR PDDNX\DDxRRNXxRRNRRVDDVDD
V K D U L Q J  QWDODDURR V K R U W H Q  YVXWL\DQGL V L F N Q H V V  D  N L Q G  R I   QNRRMDD
V K D U N  QSDWDPRR V K R U W O \  DGYMHHQLQMHH V L F N Q H V V  I X Q J D O   QNXOXIHWHØR
V K D U N  I L Q  QODDIRR V K R U W Q H V V  QQDDVRRVXWL\DD V L G H  QGDQGDØRGHQGHØRIDQQDD
V K D U S  O L N H  D  Q H H G O H  DGMPHOXØ V K R U W  R I  F O R W K H V   DGMIHHWRR NHQWHØRODDODDODDNDURR
V K D U S  S R L Q W  QPHOXØR V K R X O G   U R X J K  YQxDQWD V L G H  R I  U L Y H U  QEDDMHQMHØR
V K D U S  S R L Q W H G  DGMPHOXQWD V K R X O G H U  QGDEDNXQNXØRGDERR V L G H O L Q H  QGDDNXORR
V K D U S H Q  O L N H  D  Q H H G O H  QPHOXØ NDEDNXQNXØR V L H Y H  YWHQWHØWDPHH
V K D U S H Q L Q J  QPHOXØR V K R X O G Q
W  DYPDØxDQQDPDØxDØ V L H Y H  QWDPHH
V K D U S  O L N H  D  Q H H G O H   DGM V K R X W  YOHPEDOHQNDØDDUD V L H Y H   S H D Q X W V   H W F  YSDDVXZDDUL
PHOXQGLØ VDODPLVDULZXXUL V L H Y H G   S H D Q X W V    H W F   Y
V K D Y H  YOLL V K R X W  QZXXURR SDDVXZDDULWD
V K D Y H G  K H D G  QNXØQXQNRR V K R X W  O L N H  D  S L J   H W F  YZLLVD V L H Y L Q J  VYWHQWHQGLURR
V K D Y L Q J  QOL\R V K R X W H G  YQØDDUDWDVDODPLWD V L H Y L Q J  QWHQWHØR
V K D Y L Q J  H T X L S P H Q W  QOLLULODØR ZXXUXWD VLIWHUQWHQWHØR
V K D Y L Q J  V W L F N  QOLLULODØR V K R X W L Q J  YQØDDURR V L J Q  YVLLxHH
V K D Y L Q J  W K H  K H D G   QNXØQXQNRR V K R X W L Q J  QZLLVRRZXXURR V L J Q  QWDDPDQVHHURR
V K H  VSQDWHD V K R Y H O  QSHHORR V L J Q D O  W R  YSDVLØ
V K H D W K  QODDODDODD V K R Z  Y\LWD\LWDQGL V L J Q H G  DGMVLLxHHWD
V K H G  QPEDDURR V K R Z  E H L Q J  S O H D V H G  L Q  Y\DQGDD V L J Q H G  VYVLLxHHULØ
V K H H S  QVDDML\R V K R Z  F R Q W H P S W  YSXUXFD V L O H Q F H  YQGHH
V K H H W  QOHHURR V K R Z  P D Q Q H U  xDD V L O H Q F H  QGHZR
V K H H W  R I  S D S H U  QND\LWLMDPERR V K R Z  R I I  QNRRWHHNXIDQPRR V L O H Q W  YGH\GHH
V K H O O  QKRPERR NXIDQQDD V L O H Q W  DGMGHHWDGHHULØGHHULØR

- 147 -
 English-Mandinka VLON
V L O N QVRR\RR V N L Q W  DGMVHHNHHVHNHHULØMDDULØ V O X P E H U  YMLQNRR
V L O Y H U  QNRGLIRURRNRGRR VHNHHWD V O X P E H U L Q J  YQMLQNRR
V L P L O D U  W R    H U   ULODD V N L Q W  VYSDDQLULØ V O \ O \  W U \  J H W  W R  D Z D \  Y\RROHH
V L P S O H  DGMIHHPDDIHH\DD V N L Q W  YSDDQDSDDQLWD V P D O O  DGMGRR\DDGRR\DDULØ
VRRQH\DDWDVRRQH\DDVRRQH\DDULØ V N L S  YMRR\HHSRGLVDZXØ 0HVHØRPHVH\DDWDPHVH\DD
VRRQH\DDULØR V N L S S H G  YSRGLWD PHVH\DDULØPHVH\DDULØR
V L P S O H  Q D P L Q J  F H U H P R Q \  Q V N L U W  QVLSD V P D O O  YDGRR\DDWD
xDPERR V N X O O  QNXQNRORR V P D O O  G U X P  QMXQNXUDØR
V L P S O H  R Q H  QIHHPDD V N \  QVDØR V P D O O  G U X P   QWDPRR
V L P S O H  W H Q W  QVDPDNRR V O D F N  DGMODNDIXODNDIXWDODNDIXULØ V P D O O  J U H \  S O X P  QPDPSDWRR
V L P S O H  D  S H U V R Q   H W F   DGMWLPLQRR ODNDIXULØRODPIXODPIXWD V P D O O  L Q V H F W  QWXPEXQGLØR
GL\DDWD ODPIXULØODPIXULØRQDDUL\DD V P D O O  P R Q H \  QNRGLPHVHØR
V L P S O L F L W \  QVRRQH\DD QDDUL\DDWDQDDUL\DDULØ\RPID V P D O O  P R V T X H  QPLVLURR
WDPLQDGL\DD V O D F N H Q  YODNDIXQGLODPIXQGL V P D O O  Q R W H  E R R N  QNDULQHH
V L P S O L I \  YVRRQH\DQGL QDDUL\DQGL\RPIDQGL V P D O O  R Q H  QPHVHPDD
V L Q  QKDNRRMXQXERR V O D F N Q H V V  QODPIRR V P D O O Q H V V  QGRR\DDPHVH\DD
V L Q F H  FRQMEDDZRRED\LUL V O D Q G H U  YWRRWLxDD V P D V K  YWH\LØWH\LØWH\
V L Q I X O  DGMKDUDDPXULØ V O D Q G H U  QNDMDILNDMDILURRWRRxDD V P D V K H G  YWH\LWD
KDUDDPXULØR V O D Q G H U L Q J  QNDMDILURR V P H D U  YPDQDQND
V L Q J  YGHQNLORRODDGRQNLOL V O D Q J  QVDQGRR V P H O O  YNDVDQRRUDVHHUD
MDPXØODDODDODD V O D Q W  YODDPDD V P H O O  QVHHURRVXQNDØR
V L Q J H U  QGRQNLOLODDODD V O D Q W H G  DGMODDPDD V P H O O H G   X Q S O H D V D Q W   DGM
V L Q J L Q J  QGHQNLORRGRQNLORR V O D Q W Q H V V  QODDPDD VXQNDQWD
MDPXQGLURR V O D W H  QZDODD V P H O O L Q J  DGMNDVDULØNDVDULØR
V L Q J L Q J  YQGHQNLOLODDGRQNLOLODD V O D X J K W H U  YNDQDWHH VHHUDULØ
V L Q J L Q J  U H O L J L R X V  V R Q J V  Q V O D X J W H U  K R X V H  QQLLVLIDDGXODD V P H O O L Q J  QVXQNDØR
VXXNXZR V O D Y H  QMRØR V P H O O L Q J  E D G  DGMVXQNDØ
V L Q J O H W  QMHQVRRQMHQVRR V O D Y H U \  QMRQ\DD V P H O O \  DGMNDVDWDNDVDULØ
V L Q N  YNXQXØPLNLVXXWXXQHØ V O H H S  QVLLQRR V P H O O \  YNDVDNDVDQGL
V L Q N H U  QVXPSRR V O H H S  YVLLQRR V P H O W   X Q S O H D V D Q W   DGMVXQNDQWD
V L Q N L Q J  VYWXXQHQGLØPLNLULØ V O H H S L Q J  QVLLQRR V P L O H  YPXXxX
V L Q N L Q J  YQWXXQHØR V O H H S L Q J  V L F N Q H V V  Q V P L O H  QPXXxRR
V L Q Q H U  QIDDVLNRR VLLQRRMDQNDURR V P L O H G  YPXXxXWD
V L Q Q L Q J  D J D L Q V W  * R G  YQ V O H H Y H  QGRQGLNDEXORR V P L O L Q J  QPXXxRR
$ODNXWRR V O L P  DGMODEDUDULØODEDUDULØR V P L W K  QQXPRR
V L S  YKHUHEX ODEDUDWD0HVHØRPHVH\DDULØ V P R N H  YVDED
V L V W H U  QEDDULPPXVRR PHVH\DDULØR V P R N H  QVLLVL\R
VLWYQRPR6LLVLL V O L P  YODEDUD V P R N H G  DGMVDEDWD
V L W W L Q J  R Q  D  V W R Y H  VYMRQNLULØ V O L P  R Q H  QPHVHPDD V P R N H G  I L V K  QxHHVLLVLLULØRxHH
V L W W L Q J  U R R P  QVDDORR V O L Q J  QGDPSXUDØRNDPSXUDØR VLPERR
V L [  DGMZRRUR V O L S  YQDPD V P R N H \  DGMVLLVLL
V L [  E X W X W V  QxHWDD V O L S S H U \  DGMQDPDQDPDWD V P R N L Q J  S L S H  QWDEDQGDD
V L [  S H Q F H  QQRQNRØ QDPDULØQDPDULØRQDPD\DDULØ V P R N \  DGMVLLVLLULØVLLVLLWD
V L [  U R X Q G  J X Q  QGDDZRRURR QDPD\DDWDQDPD\DDULØR V P R R W K  DGMWHPEH
V L [ W K  QZRRURQMDØR V O R S  YSDODFL V P R R W K H Q   I L O H  YNDD
V L ] H D E O H  DGMNDDxDQGLØR.DDxDQWD V O R S S H G  YSDODFLWD V Q D L O  QPDDxHHNHHPXVDDOLØR
NDDxDØ V O R W  YVRRWL VHHIRR
V L ] H D E O H  YNDDxDQGL V O R W W H G  VYVRRWLULØ V Q D N H  QFDSDWRRNDQNXPEDDORR
V N L G  YSDUDNDVLWDUDEDVL V O R X J K   V N L Q   QIXXUXØRIXXUDD VDD
V N L G G H G  YSDUDNDVLWD V O R Z  DGMKDNLOLNXXPDDODPIXWD V Q D W F K  YFDNDWL
V N L O I X O  DGMIHHUH QDDIDQDDIDULØRQDDIDULØQDDIDWD V Q H D N  Y\RROHH
VNLOOQIHHUHH V O R Z  G R Z Q  Y\RRUD V Q H D N H G  YQ\RROHHWD
V N L Q  QEDODIDWHHNXORR V O R Z  L Q  W K L Q N L Q J  YNXØRVRURQWD V Q H H ] H  YWLVRR
V N L Q  YEXVX V O R Z H G  G R Z Q  Y\RRUDWD V Q H H ] H G  YQWLVRRWD
V N L Q   E D U N  QIDWRR V O R Z O \  DGYGHQNHPX V Q L I I   V Q R W   Z D W H U  H W F   YVXUXED
V N L Q  L Q I H F W L R Q  QVDQVDQEDUDØR V O R Z O \  DGMGRPDØGRPDØ V Q L W H G  YNXQWD
V N L Q W  YDMDDWD V O R Z O \  W U \ L Q J  W R  F D W F K  V   Q V Q R U H  YNLULQGDNLULQWLNRURQGD
\HHURR V Q R U H G  YNLULQWLWDNLULQGDWD
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VQRULQJ English-Mandinka
V Q R U L Q J  QNLULQWRRNRURQGRR V R P H W K L Q J  V R X U  QNXPRR V S D U N  YNXUXNXUX
V Q R W  QQXQML\R V R P H W K L Q J  W R  W D N H  F D U H  R I  Q V S D U U R Z  QMDWDOLØR
V Q X I I  YVXPEX PXUDDGRR V S H D N  YGL\DDPXNXPD
V Q X I I  QVLURRVLUDPXQNRR V R P H W L P H V  DGYGRRWR V S H D N  O R X G   H W F   YVDUL
V Q X I I  E \  P R X W K  YVXPEX V R Q  QGLQNHH V S H D N H U  QGL\DDPXODD
V Q X I I  F R Q W D L Q H U  QIXOHH V R Q  R I  $ G D P  QKDGDPDGLØR V S H D N L Q J  YQGL\DDPRR
V Q X I I L Q J  YQVXPEXURRVXPERR V R Q J  QGHQNLORRGRQNLORR V S H D N R X W  YGDDxLQL
V Q X I I L Q J  E \  P R X W K  YQVXPEXURR V R R Q  DGYVDPEL V S H D U  QVRURR
V R  DGYIRZRWRIRIRIR V R R W  QILQWRØR V S H F L D O  K H O S H U   QPHWLODQNRR
V R  FRQMELWXØ V R S  E U H D G  H W F   YSRQVHH V S H F L H V  R I  F D W W O H  QQGDDPD
V R D N  YxLNLØxLNLQGL V R S S L Q J  E U H D G  H W F   YQSRQVHH V S H F W D F O H V  QOXQHHWRR
V R D N H G  YxLNLQWD V R U J K X P  QEDVRRNLQWRR xDDNLODDVRR
V R D N H G  DGMxLNLQGLULØR V R U U H O  QGRPRGDDNXFDD V S H F W D W R U  QMXXEHHULODD
V R D N L Q J  VYxLNLØR V R U U H O  I O R Z H U  QZRQMRR V S H H F K  QNXPRR
V R D S  QVDDIXQRR V R U U H O  I O R Z H U  M X L F H  QZRQMRR V S H H F K  YQGL\DDPRR
V R D S  Z D W H U  QQRQML\R V R U U R Z  QEDODIDDMXVXNX\DD V S H H G  QZLLWHHVRR
V R E  YVLNLVLNL QLLNX\DDQLLWRRURR V S H Q G  YODDODDODD
V R E H U L H W \  QIDQNDDxDQR V R U U \  H[KDNHWX V S H Q G  W K H  U D L Q \  V H D V R Q  Y
V R F N  QNDZDDVRR V R X O  QQL\R VDPDD
V R F N V  QNDZDDVRR V R X Q G  DGYNHØ V S H Q W  W K H  D I W H U Q R R Q  DGMWLLxDQWD
V R G R P  D S S O H  QFLSDQSDØR V R X Q G  YNXPDNXPDQGL V S H U P  QPDQL\R
MLSDQSDØRNLSDQSDØRNXSDQSDØR V R X Q G  QNXPDNDØRPDDNDØR V S L G H U  QWDDOLØR
V R I W  DGMIRR\DDULØRIRR\DD V R X Q G  R I  D  I D O O  DGYSLULP V S L G H U
V  Z H E  QWDDOLQMDORR
V R I W  G U L Q N  QPLQDUDORR V R X Q G  I R U  F D O O L Q J  G R J   H[NXULL V S L O O  YERØ
OHPLQQDDWRR V R X S  QGXXUDØR V S L O O H G  R Y H U  VYZR\LULØ
V R I W  R Q H  QIRR\DDULØR V R X S  R I  E D R E D E  O H D Y H  QQDDGDD V S L O O H G  R Y H U  YZR\LWD
V R I W H Q  YIRR\DQGL V R X S  S U H S D U H G  Z L W K  R N U D  QVXSD V S L Q H  R I S R F X S L Q H  QEDODWL\R
V R I W Q H V V  QIRR\DD V R X U  DGMNXPXNXPXULØRNXPXULØ V S L U L W QMLQRRVDZXURR
V R L O  YFXQNXWL NXPXWD V S L W  YODDNLODDFLWXSL
V R L O  QEDQNRR V R X U  P L O N  QQRQRR V S O L W  YIHWHØIRWLØ
V R L O  W L O O L Q J  QEDDURR V R X U  V R S  W U H H  QVXQNXØR V S O L W  VYWHOHQGLØ
V R O G L H U  QVRULGDDVRR V R X U Q H V V  QNXPRR V S O L W W H G  YWHOHQWD
V R O H  I L V K  QVRRORR V R X W K  QEXOXEDD V S R L O  YNDVDDUD
V R O H  R I  W K H  I R R W  QVLQWHHWHH V R Z  QILL V S R L O   V S H Q G  W K H  D I W H U Q R R  Y
V R O L G  DGMMDDULØ V R Z    I L Q G R R    YNXUXED WLLxDØ
V R O L G L I L H G  DGMVLPELULØR V R Z  L Q  U R Z V  YIDODØ V S R L O H G  DGMWLLxDQWDWLLxDQGLØR
V R O L G L I \  YVLPEL V R Z  P L O O H W  H W F  L Q  U R Z V  L Q  YIDODØ V S R L O H G  VYWLLxDQGLØ
V R O Y H  QNDODØMDDUD V R Z   V H H G V  R Q  I O D W  O D Q G   Y V S R L O L Q J  YQWLLxDQGLURR
V R O Y H  YWHPEHQGLWREHØMDDUD NRQNRGXX V S R L O L Q J  QWLLxDØR
V R O Y H  D  S U R E O H P  YxLLxDQGL V R Z L Q J  YQILLURR V S R N H  QLVLSRRNRR
V R O Y H G  YWREHØ V R Z L Q J  QNRQNRGXZR V S R Q J H  QMDPSHHMRRVLUDØR
V R O Y H G  YQWREHQWD V R Z L Q J   I L Q G R R   YQNXUXERR V S R Q J H  I R U  E D W K L Q J  QMRRVLUDØR
V R P H  GRR V R Z L Q J  K R H  QNRQNRGXZR V S R Q J H  U X E E H U  QMDPSHH
V R P H R Q H  H D W L Q J  QGRPRULODD V R Z L Q J  P D F K L Q H  QILLULODØR V S R R Q  QGRPRULODØRGRRVDD
V R P H R Q H  H O V H
V  Q:DQGL V R Z Q  R Q  I O D W  O D Q G   YNRQNRGXXWD NRRMDDURR
V R P H R Q H  H O V H
V  S O D F H  Q V S D F H  QDOLKDZDDNHQRR V S R R Q  F D O D E D V K   QNRQVRURR
ZDQGL\DD V S D F H  YNDUDEXOD V S R W W H G  L Q  F R O R X U  DGMFRPSLQ
V R P H R Q H  R U  V R P H W K L Q J  Y V S D F L R X V  DGMIDQXULQRIDQXULØR FRPSLQ
GRQNLOL V S D G H  QSHHORR V S U D L Q  YNXELPX\
V R P H R Q H  V R Z L Q J  QILLULODD V S D Q N  YIDQWDØWDQNDQL V S U D L Q  QPX\RR
V R P H R Q H  Z K R  W H D V H V  Q V S D Q N  R Q  W K H  K H D G  YWDSXWDSL V S U D \  Z L W K  W K H  P R X W K  YSXXUD
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V R P H W K L Q J  D E R X W  QNDODØR WDSXURRWDSRR V S U D \ L Q J  D  K R X V H  H W F  QZLLVRR
V R P H W K L Q J  I R U  S U R W H F W L R Q V  Q V S D Q N L Q J  R Q  W K H  E D F N   Q V S U H D G  YZDQNDZDQNDWDZR\LWD
WDQNDUDØR WLPSDURR V S U H D G  DGMZHUHQGLØ
V R P H W K L Q J  N H S W  QPDDERR V S D Q N  R Q  W K H  E D F N   YWLPSD V S U H D G  VYZR\LULØ
V R P H W K L Q J  U H D G \ P D G H  Q V S D Q Q H U  QNHOHH V S U H D G  D   E H G  V K H H W  H W F   Y
ODQVDØR V S D U H  YNDDUL ZDUHH
- 149 -
 English-Mandinka VSUHDG
V S U H D G  E H G  V K H H W  YIHHQHH V W D U W  YER\LIRORRNXXUDSDNLGDWL V W L F N  D V  W R R W K  E U X V K  Q
V S U H D G  P D W  YIHHQHH NXPDDVL xLQMRRVLUDØR
V S U H D G  D F U R V V  W K H  Z D \   H   Y VWDUWILUHYPXWDQGL V W L F N  I R U  E H D W L Q J  G U X P  QIRRUDØR
ZDQNDWD V W D U W H G  YQNXPDDVLWD V W L F N  W R J H W K H U  YQRWR
V S U H D G L Q J  QZR\RR V W D U W H U  QIRORRODDIRORRULODD V W L F N  Z L W K  J O X H  H W F   YQDSX
V S U H D G  Y L Q H   H W F   YZR\R V W D U W L Q J  YQGDWLURRIRORRURR V W L F N L Q J  Z L W K  J O X H   H W F   VY
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X Q D I U D L G  DGMKDDxL X Q I R U W X Q D W H  DGMKDULMHHNX\DDWD ODNDIXULØ
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X Q F H U W D L Q  DGMIXODDIXODD X Q I U L H Q G O \  DGMNX\DDNX\DDWD X Q W D V W \  DGMNX\DDNX\DDWD
X Q F L U F X P F L V H G  S H U V R Q  Q NX\DDULØ NX\DDULØNX\DDULØRNXXPDD
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X Q F O H D U  DGMIXODDIXODDGLELWD PDDNX\DDWD X S  DGYVDQWR
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X Q F R Y H U H G  VYZXUDULØ X Q L W H  YEHQGLEHØGL\DQGL X S U R R W H G  YZXWXWD
X Q F R Y H U H G  YZXUDWD NDPEHØ X S U R R W L Q J  YZXWXURR
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X Q F R Y H U L Q J  YQZXUDURR X Q L W \  YQEHØR X U L Q D W H  YMDODPXWDVXPXQDD
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X W P R V W  H I I R U W  QGDØRIDQNDGDØR Z D L O H G  YQØDDUDWD Z D V K H U  R I  D  E R O W  QZDVDD
X W W H U  YNXPD Z D L O L Q J  YQØDDURR Z D V K L Q J  QNXZRRNXXURR
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Z H D Q H G  F K L O G  QIDWDQGLØR Z H Q W  W K U R X J K  YQWREHQWD Z K L W H  S H U V R Q  ( X U R S H D Q   Q
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