General formula for moment, hoop load and radial shear

Parameters
Ring radius R = m
Design Load W = kN
unit load w = kN/m * per unit of circumferential length
unit load u = kN/m * per unit of circumferential length
unit weight of contained liquid r = kN/m3 * per unit volume
Applied couple moment M0 = kN-m
Internal moment MA, B, C, X = kN-m * At A, B, C and X respectively positive as shown
Internal force NA = kN
Internal force N = kN
Internal force VA = kN
Internal force V = kN
Bending rigidity EI = Et3/(12(1-u3)) * u is poisson's ratio
Angle q = Radian * Limit in range of 0 - p for all cases except for case 18 & 19.
Angle X = Radian * Limit in range of 0 - p for all cases except for case 18 & 19.
Angle f = Radian * Limit in range of 0 - p for all cases except for case 18 & 19.
s = sinq
c = cosq
z = sinx
u = cosx
n = sinf
m = cosf
Positive distance e = * measured radially inward from the centroid axis of the cross section to the NA. See sect. 9.1
Change in diameter in vertical D DV =
Change in diameter in horizontal DDH =
Change in lower half of vert. dia. DLW * Relative to point C
Change in leng. of hor. Line connected load point DLWH
Angular rotation y = Radian * In plane to the ring, positive in the same dir. Of q

Hoop stress deformation factor a = I/AR2 * For thin ring

Hoop stress deformation factor a = e/R * For thick ring
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = FEI/GAR2 * For thin ring
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = 2F(1+u)e/R * For thick ring
Shape factor F = * See sect. 8.10
k1 = 1-a+b * These constants are unity if no correction for hoop stress or shear stress is necessary or
k2 = 1-a desired for use with thin ring.
Load term LTM = kN-m * Due to symmetry, load beyond 1800 are not included, only case 16, 17, 19 will be used beyond 180 0.
Load term LTN = kN * Due to symmetry, load beyond 1800 are not included, only case 16, 17, 19 will be used beyond 180 0.
Load term LTV = kN * Due to symmetry, load beyond 1800 are not included, only case 16, 17, 19 will be used beyond 180 0.
Circular Rings (Load Type 1)

Chord outside diameter D = 0.6096 m

Chord thk. t = 0.013 m
Yield strength of chord Fy = 248.2 MPa
Height of internal ring (web) Hir = 0.102 m
Thickness of internal ring (web) Tir,w = 0.010 m
Width of internal ring (flange) Wir = 0.102 m
Thickness of internal ring (flange) Tir,f = 0.013 m
Yield strength of internal ring (web&flange) Fy,ir = 248.2 MPa
Height of external ring (web) Her = 0.000 m
Thickness of external ring (web) Ter,w = 0.000 m
Width of external ring (flange) Wer = 0.000 m
Thickness of external ring (flange) Ter,f = 0.000 m
Yield strength of external ring (web&flange) Fy,er = 248.2 MPa
Young modulus E = 200000 MPa
Shear modulus G = 80000 MPa
Poisson's ratio u = 0.3
Shape factor F = 2.0 * Between 1 and 2, 2 for section with flange and web
Material factor gM = 1.15
Circular Ring Properties

Section area Atot = 0.0035 m2 * Effective width of pipe is based on 1.1*sqrt(Dt).

Overall depth dtot = 0.127 m
Length from bottom of fiber to centroidal axis yb = 0.0625 m
Length from top of fiber to centroidal axis yt = 0.0645 m
Moment of inertia about centroidal axis I = 0.0000091 m4 9.092E+06 mm4
Lenght from center line of pipe to centroid R 0.240 m
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = 0.226 * For thin ring
Hoop stress deformation factor a = 0.045 * For thin ring
Rc/dtot = 1.89 <8
e = 0.0108 m * For Rc/dtot > 8
𝑟_𝑛=𝐴/(∫1▒𝑑𝐴/𝑟) 𝑟_𝑚=∫1▒𝑑 𝑟_𝑚=𝑏∗𝑙𝑛 𝑐/𝑎
rn = 0.2294 m * Rc-rn 𝐴/𝑟
e = 0.0109 m * For Rc/dtot < 8
Sectional modulus S = 0.0001 m3
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = 0.235 * For thick ring
Hoop stress deformation factor a = 0.045 * For thick ring
Max. b = 0.235 * Max. one gives conservative results.
Max. a = 0.045 * Max. one gives conservative results.
Shear area Ash = 0.0011 m2

Design Load W = 22.24111 kN

x = 10 Deg 0.175 Rad
z = 0.174 * sinx
u = 0.985 * cosx
k2 = 0.955 * 1-a
k1 = 1.190 * 1-a+b
Load term LTM = -0.5 kN-m * Compression of W
Load term LTN = -1.9 kN * Compression of W
Load term LTV = -11.0 kN * Compression of W
Internal moment MA = 1.6 kN-m * At point A
Internal axial (hoop) NA = 0.0 kN * At point A
Internal radial shear VA = 0.0 kN * At point A
Internal moment at various angles M5deg = 1.2 kN-m * In this case, considerd at 5 Deg
Internal hoop at various angles N5deg = -1.9 kN-m * In this case, considerd at 5 Deg
Internal shear at various angles V5deg = -11.0 kN-m * In this case, considerd at 5 Deg
Change in diameter in horizontal DDH = 0.00004 m
Change in diameter in vertical DDV = -0.00006 m
Angle, x M N V D MRd NRd VRd UCbend UCaxial UCshear UCcomb. UCcomb.
(Deg) (kN-m) (kN) (kN) (mm) (kN-m) (kN) (kN) AISC VonMises
0 1.6 0.0 -11.1 -0.06 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.01
5 1.4 -1.0 -11.1 -0.05 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.01
10 1.2 -1.9 -11.0 -0.05 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.01
15 0.9 -2.9 -10.7 -0.04 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.01
20 0.7 -3.8 -10.4 -0.04 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.01
25 0.5 -4.7 -10.1 -0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01
30 0.3 -5.6 -9.6 -0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01
35 0.1 -6.4 -9.1 -0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00
40 -0.1 -7.1 -8.5 -0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00
45 -0.3 -7.9 -7.9 -0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00
50 -0.4 -8.5 -7.1 -0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00
55 -0.6 -9.1 -6.4 0.00 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.00
60 -0.7 -9.6 -5.6 0.00 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.00
65 -0.8 -10.1 -4.7 0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.00
70 -0.9 -10.4 -3.8 0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.00
75 -1.0 -10.7 -2.9 0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.00
80 -1.0 -11.0 -1.9 0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.00
85 -1.0 -11.1 -1.0 0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00
90 -1.0 -11.1 0.0 0.04 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00
95 -1.0 -11.1 1.0 0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00
100 -1.0 -11.0 1.9 0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.00
105 -1.0 -10.7 2.9 0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.00
110 -0.9 -10.4 3.8 0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.00
115 -0.8 -10.1 4.7 0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.00
120 -0.7 -9.6 5.6 0.00 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.00
125 -0.6 -9.1 6.4 0.00 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.00
130 -0.4 -8.5 7.1 -0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00
135 -0.3 -7.9 7.9 -0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00
140 -0.1 -7.1 8.5 -0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00
145 0.1 -6.4 9.1 -0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00
150 0.3 -5.6 9.6 -0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01
155 0.5 -4.7 10.1 -0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01
160 0.7 -3.8 10.4 -0.04 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.01
165 0.9 -2.9 10.7 -0.04 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.01
170 1.2 -1.9 11.0 -0.05 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.01
175 1.4 -1.0 11.1 -0.05 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.01
180 1.6 0.0 11.1 -0.05 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.01
185 1.4 -1.0 11.1 -0.05 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.01
190 1.2 -1.9 11.0 -0.05 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.01
195 0.9 -2.9 10.7 -0.04 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.01
200 0.7 -3.8 10.4 -0.04 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.01
205 0.5 -4.7 10.1 -0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01
210 0.3 -5.6 9.6 -0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01
215 0.1 -6.4 9.1 -0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00
220 -0.1 -7.1 8.5 -0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00
225 -0.3 -7.9 7.9 -0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00
230 -0.4 -8.5 7.1 -0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00
235 -0.6 -9.1 6.4 0.00 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.00
240 -0.7 -9.6 5.6 0.00 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.00
245 -0.8 -10.1 4.7 0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.00
250 -0.9 -10.4 3.8 0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.00
 255 -1.0 -10.7 2.9 0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.00
260 -1.0 -11.0 1.9 0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.00
265 -1.0 -11.1 1.0 0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00
270 -1.0 -11.1 0.0 0.04 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00
275 -1.0 -11.1 -1.0 0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00
280 -1.0 -11.0 -1.9 0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.00
285 -1.0 -10.7 -2.9 0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.00
290 -0.9 -10.4 -3.8 0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.00
295 -0.8 -10.1 -4.7 0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.00
300 -0.7 -9.6 -5.6 0.00 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.00
305 -0.6 -9.1 -6.4 0.00 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.00
310 -0.4 -8.5 -7.1 -0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00
315 -0.3 -7.9 -7.9 -0.01 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00
320 -0.1 -7.1 -8.5 -0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00
325 0.1 -6.4 -9.1 -0.02 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00
330 0.3 -5.6 -9.6 -0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01
335 0.5 -4.7 -10.1 -0.03 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01
340 0.7 -3.8 -10.4 -0.04 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.01
345 0.9 -2.9 -10.7 -0.04 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.01
350 1.2 -1.9 -11.0 -0.05 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.01
355 1.4 -1.0 -11.1 -0.05 31.4 752.6 234.97148 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.01
Max. 1.6 -11.1 -11.1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.01
 Bending Moment Diagram Axial Force (Hoop) Diagram
345350355 0 5 10 1520 345350355 0 5 10 15 20
335 340 25 335 340 25
330 30 330 30
325 2.0 35 325 0.0 35
320 40 320 40
315 45 315 45
310 50 310 50
305 55 305 55
300 60 300 60
295 0.0 65 295 65
-10.0
290 70 290 70
285 75 285 75
280 80 280 80
275 85 275 85
270 -2.0 90 270 -20.0 90
265 95 265 95
260 100 260 100
255 105 255 105
250 110 250 110
245 115 245 115
240 120 240 120
235 125 235 125
230 130 230 130
225 135 225 135
220 140 220 140
215 145 215 145
210 150 210 150
205 200 160 155 205 200 155
195190185180175170165 195190185180175170165160

Radial Shear Force Diagram Deflection Diagram

345350355 0 5 10 15 20
335 340 25 345350355 0 5 10 15 20
330
325 20.0
30
35 335 340 25
330 30
320 40 325 0.10 35
315 45 320 40
310 50 315 45
305 55 310 50
300 60 305 55
295 65 300 60
0.0 295 65
0.00
290 70
290 70
285 75
285 75
280 80
280 80
275 85 275 85
270 -20.0 90 270 -0.10 90
265 95 265 95
260 100 260 100
255 105 255 105
250 110 250 110
245 115 245 115
240 120 240 120
235 125 235 125
230 130 230 130
225 135 225 135
220 140 220 140
215 145 215 145
210 150 210 150
205 200 155 205 200 155
195190185180175170165160 195190185180175170165160
240 120 240 120
235 125 235 125
230 130 230 130
225 135 225 135
220 140 220 140
215 145 215 145
210 150 210 150
205 200 160 155 205 200 155
195190185180175170165 195190185180175170165160
General formula for moment, hoop load and radial shear
 Parameters
Ring radius R = m
Design Load W = kN
unit load w = kN/m * per unit of circumferential length
unit load u = kN/m * per unit of circumferential length
unit weight of contained liquid r = kN/m3 * per unit volume
Applied couple moment M0 = kN-m
Internal moment MA, B, C, X = kN-m * At A, B, C and X respectively positive as shown
Internal force NA = kN
Internal force N = kN
Internal force VA = kN
Internal force V = kN
Bending rigidity EI = Et3/(12(1-u3)) * u is poisson's ratio
Angle q = Radian * Limit in range of 0 - p for all cases except for case 18 & 19.
Angle X = Radian * Limit in range of 0 - p for all cases except for case 18 & 19.
Angle f = Radian * Limit in range of 0 - p for all cases except for case 18 & 19.
s = sinq
c = cosq
z = sinx
u = cosx
n = sinf
m = cosf
Positive distance e = * measured radially inward from the centroid axis of the cross section to the NA. See sect. 9.1
Change in diameter in vertical DDV =
Change in diameter in horizontal DDH =
Change in lower half of vert. dia. DLW * Relative to point C
Change in leng. of hor. Line connected load point DLWH
Angular rotation y = Radian * In plane to the ring, positive in the same dir. Of q

Hoop stress deformation factor a = I/AR2 * For thin ring

Hoop stress deformation factor a = e/R * For thick ring
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = FEI/GAR2 * For thin ring
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = 2F(1+u)e/R * For thick ring
Shape factor F = * See sect. 8.10
k1 = 1-a+b * These constants are unity if no correction for hoop stress or shear stress is necessary or
k2 = 1-a desired for use with thin ring.
Load term LTM = kN-m * Due to symmetry, load beyond 1800 are not included, only case 16, 17, 19 will be used beyond 180 0.
Load term LTN = kN * Due to symmetry, load beyond 1800 are not included, only case 16, 17, 19 will be used beyond 180 0.
Load term LTV = kN * Due to symmetry, load beyond 1800 are not included, only case 16, 17, 19 will be used beyond 180 0.
Circular Rings (Load Type 2)

Chord outside diameter D = 1.0668 m

Chord thk. t = 0.051 m
Yield strength of chord Fy = 345 MPa
Height of internal ring (web) Hir = 0.200 m
Thickness of internal ring (web) Tir,w = 0.025 m
Width of internal ring (flange) Wir = 0.100 m
Thickness of internal ring (flange) Tir,f = 0.020 m
Yield strength of internal ring (web&flange) Fy,ir = 345 MPa
Height of external ring (web) Her = 0.350 m
Thickness of external ring (web) Ter,w = 0.030 m
Width of external ring (flange) Wer = 0.000 m
Thickness of external ring (flange) Ter,f = 0.000 m
Yield strength of external ring (web&flange) Fy,er = 345 MPa
Young modulus E = 205000 MPa
Shear modulus G = 82000 MPa
Poisson's ratio u = 0.3
Shape factor F = 2.0 * Between 1 and 2, 2 for section with flange and web
Material factor gM = 1.15
Circular Ring Properties

Section area Atot = 0.0305 m2 * Effective width of pipe is based on 1.1*sqrt(Dt).

Overall depth dtot = 0.621 m
Length from bottom of fiber to centroidal axis yb = 0.2784 m
Length from top of fiber to centroidal axis yt = 0.3424 m
Moment of inertia about centroidal axis I = 0.0007047 m4 7.047E+08 mm4
Lenght from center line of pipe to centroid R 0.541 m
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = 0.395 * For thin ring
Hoop stress deformation factor a = 0.079 * For thin ring
Rc/dtot = 0.87 <8
e = 0.0427 m * For Rc/dtot > 8
𝑟_𝑛=𝐴/(∫1▒𝑑𝐴/𝑟) 𝑟_𝑚=∫1▒𝑑 𝑟_𝑚=𝑏∗𝑙𝑛 𝑐/𝑎
rn = 0.4962 m * Rc-rn 𝐴/𝑟
e = 0.0448 m * For Rc/dtot < 8
Sectional modulus S = 0.0025 m3
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = 0.430 * For thick ring
Hoop stress deformation factor a = 0.083 * For thick ring
Max. b = 0.430 * Max. one gives conservative results.
Max. a = 0.083 * Max. one gives conservative results.
Shear area Ash = 0.0173 m2

Design Load W = 1308.8 kN * Positive as the figure, negative if opposite

q = 15 Deg 0.262 Rad
x = 20 Deg 0.349 Rad
x-q = 1 * Equal to 0 if X<q
c = 0.966 * cosq
s = 0.259 * sinq
z = 0.342 * sinx
u = 0.940 * cosx
k2 = 0.917 * 1-a
k1 = 1.348 * 1-a+b
Load term LTM = -18.6 kN-m * Compression of W
Load term LTN = 1229.9 kN * Compression of W
Load term LTV = -447.6 kN * Compression of W
Internal moment MA = -25.0 kN-m * At point A MC = -6.1 kN-m
Internal axial (hoop) NA = -1303.9 kN * At point A
Internal radial shear VA = 0.0 kN * At point A
Internal moment at various angles M20deg = -1.0 kN-m * In this case, considerd at 20 Deg
Internal hoop at various angles N20deg = 4.6 kN-m * In this case, considerd at 20 Deg
Internal shear at various angles V20deg = -1.7 kN-m * In this case, considerd at 20 Deg
Change in diameter in horizontal DDH = m
Change in diameter in vertical DDV = m
Angle, x M N V D MRd NRd VRd UCbend UCaxial UCshear UCcomb. UCcomb.
(Deg) (kN-m) (kN) (kN) (mm) (kN-m) (kN) (kN) AISC VonMises
0 -25.0 -1303.9 0.0 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.14 0.00 0.18 0.02
5 -22.3 -1298.9 113.6 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.14 0.02 0.17 0.02
10 -14.2 -1284.1 226.4 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.02 0.14 0.04 0.16 0.03
15 -0.9 -1259.5 337.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.14 0.07 0.14 0.03
20 -1.0 4.6 -1.7 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25 -1.1 4.5 -2.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
30 -1.2 4.3 -2.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
35 -1.3 4.0 -2.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
40 -1.5 3.8 -3.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
45 -1.6 3.5 -3.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
50 -1.8 3.2 -3.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
55 -2.0 2.8 -4.0 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
60 -2.2 2.5 -4.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
65 -2.4 2.1 -4.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70 -2.6 1.7 -4.6 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
75 -2.8 1.3 -4.7 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
80 -3.0 0.9 -4.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
85 -3.3 0.4 -4.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
90 -3.5 0.0 -4.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
95 -3.7 -0.4 -4.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
100 -4.0 -0.9 -4.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
105 -4.2 -1.3 -4.7 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
110 -4.4 -1.7 -4.6 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
115 -4.6 -2.1 -4.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
120 -4.8 -2.5 -4.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
125 -5.0 -2.8 -4.0 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
130 -5.2 -3.2 -3.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
135 -5.4 -3.5 -3.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
140 -5.5 -3.8 -3.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
145 -5.7 -4.0 -2.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
150 -5.8 -4.3 -2.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
155 -5.9 -4.5 -2.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
160 -6.0 -4.6 -1.7 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
165 -6.1 -4.7 -1.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
170 -6.1 -4.8 -0.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
175 -6.1 -4.9 -0.4 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
180 -6.1 -4.9 0.0 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
185 -6.1 -4.9 -0.4 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
190 -6.1 -4.8 -0.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
195 -6.1 -4.7 -1.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
200 -6.0 -4.6 -1.7 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
205 -5.9 -4.5 -2.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
210 -5.8 -4.3 -2.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
215 -5.7 -4.0 -2.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
220 -5.5 -3.8 -3.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
225 -5.4 -3.5 -3.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
230 -5.2 -3.2 -3.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
235 -5.0 -2.8 -4.0 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
240 -4.8 -2.5 -4.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
245 -4.6 -2.1 -4.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
250 -4.4 -1.7 -4.6 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
 255 -4.2 -1.3 -4.7 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
260 -4.0 -0.9 -4.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
265 -3.7 -0.4 -4.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
270 -3.5 0.0 -4.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
275 -3.3 0.4 -4.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
280 -3.0 0.9 -4.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
285 -2.8 1.3 -4.7 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
290 -2.6 1.7 -4.6 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
295 -2.4 2.1 -4.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
300 -2.2 2.5 -4.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
305 -2.0 2.8 -4.0 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
310 -1.8 3.2 -3.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
315 -1.6 3.5 -3.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
320 -1.5 3.8 -3.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
325 -1.3 4.0 -2.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
330 -1.2 4.3 -2.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
335 -1.1 4.5 -2.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
340 -1.0 4.6 -1.7 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
345 -0.9 -1259.5 337.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.14 0.07 0.14 0.03
350 -14.2 -1284.1 226.4 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.02 0.14 0.04 0.16 0.03
355 -22.3 -1298.9 113.6 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.14 0.02 0.17 0.02
Max. -25.0 -1303.9 337.5 0.03 0.14 0.07 0.18 0.03
 Bending Moment Diagram Axial Force (Hoop) Diagram
345350355 0 5 10 1520 345350355 0 5 10 1520
335 340 25 335 340 25
330 30 330 30
325 0.0 35 325 2000.0 35
320 40 320 40
315 45 315 45
310 50 310 50
305 55 305 55
300 60 300 60
295 -20.0 65 295 65
0.0
290 70 290 70
285 75 285 75
280 80 280 80
275 85 275 85
270 -40.0 90 270 -2000.0 90
265 95 265 95
260 100 260 100
255 105 255 105
250 110 250 110
245 115 245 115
240 120 240 120
235 125 235 125
230 130 230 130
225 135 225 135
220 140 220 140
215 145 215 145
210 150 210 150
205 200 160 155 205 200 155
195190185180175170165 195190185180175170165160

Radial Shear Force Diagram

345350355 0 5 10 15 20
335 340 25
330 30
325 500.0 35
320 40
315 45
310 50
305 55
300 60
295 0.0 65
290 70
285 75
280 80
275 85
270 -500.0 90
265 95
260 100
255 105
250 110
245 115
240 120
235 125
230 130
225 135
220 140
215 145
210 150
205 200 155
195190185180175170165160
240 120
235 125
230 130
225 135
220 140
215 145
210 150
205 200 155
195190185180175170165160
General formula for moment, hoop load and radial shear
 Parameters
Ring radius R = m
Design Load W = kN
unit load w = kN/m * per unit of circumferential length
unit load u = kN/m * per unit of circumferential length
unit weight of contained liquid r = kN/m3 * per unit volume
Applied couple moment M0 = kN-m
Internal moment MA, B, C, X = kN-m * At A, B, C and X respectively positive as shown
Internal force NA = kN
Internal force N = kN
Internal force VA = kN
Internal force V = kN
Bending rigidity EI = Et3/(12(1-u3)) * u is poisson's ratio
Angle q = Radian * Limit in range of 0 - p for all cases except for case 18 & 19.
Angle X = Radian * Limit in range of 0 - p for all cases except for case 18 & 19.
Angle f = Radian * Limit in range of 0 - p for all cases except for case 18 & 19.
s = sinq
c = cosq
z = sinx
u = cosx
n = sinf
m = cosf
Positive distance e = * measured radially inward from the centroid axis of the cross section to the NA. See sect. 9.1
Change in diameter in vertical DDV =
Change in diameter in horizontal DDH =
Change in lower half of vert. dia. DLW * Relative to point C
Change in leng. of hor. Line connected load point DLWH
Angular rotation y = Radian * In plane to the ring, positive in the same dir. Of q

Hoop stress deformation factor a = I/AR2 * For thin ring

Hoop stress deformation factor a = e/R * For thick ring
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = FEI/GAR2 * For thin ring
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = 2F(1+u)e/R * For thick ring
Shape factor F = * See sect. 8.10
k1 = 1-a+b * These constants are unity if no correction for hoop stress or shear stress is necessary or
k2 = 1-a desired for use with thin ring.
Load term LTM = kN-m * Due to symmetry, load beyond 1800 are not included, only case 16, 17, 19 will be used beyond 180 0.
Load term LTN = kN * Due to symmetry, load beyond 1800 are not included, only case 16, 17, 19 will be used beyond 180 0.
Load term LTV = kN * Due to symmetry, load beyond 1800 are not included, only case 16, 17, 19 will be used beyond 180 0.
Circular Rings (Load Type 3)

Chord outside diameter D = 1.0668 m

Chord thk. t = 0.051 m
Yield strength of chord Fy = 345 MPa
Height of internal ring (web) Hir = 0.200 m
Thickness of internal ring (web) Tir,w = 0.025 m
Width of internal ring (flange) Wir = 0.100 m
Thickness of internal ring (flange) Tir,f = 0.020 m
Yield strength of internal ring (web&flange) Fy,ir = 345 MPa
Height of external ring (web) Her = 0.350 m
Thickness of external ring (web) Ter,w = 0.030 m
Width of external ring (flange) Wer = 0.000 m
Thickness of external ring (flange) Ter,f = 0.000 m
Yield strength of external ring (web&flange) Fy,er = 345 MPa
Young modulus E = 205000 MPa
Shear modulus G = 82000 MPa
Poisson's ratio u = 0.3
Shape factor F = 2.0 * Between 1 and 2, 2 for section with flange and web
Material factor gM = 1.15
Circular Ring Properties

Section area Atot = 0.0305 m2 * Effective width of pipe is based on 1.1*sqrt(Dt).

Overall depth dtot = 0.621 m
Length from bottom of fiber to centroidal axis yb = 0.2784 m
Length from top of fiber to centroidal axis yt = 0.3424 m
Moment of inertia about centroidal axis I = 0.0007047 m4 7.047E+08 mm4
Lenght from center line of pipe to centroid R 0.541 m
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = 0.395 * For thin ring
Hoop stress deformation factor a = 0.079 * For thin ring
Rc/dtot = 0.87 <8
e = 0.0427 m * For Rc/dtot > 8
𝑟_𝑛=𝐴/(∫1▒𝑑𝐴/𝑟) 𝑟_𝑚=∫1▒𝑑 𝑟_𝑚=𝑏∗𝑙𝑛 𝑐/𝑎
rn = 0.4962 m * Rc-rn 𝐴/𝑟
e = 0.0448 m * For Rc/dtot < 8
Sectional modulus S = 0.0025 m3
Transverse radial shear deformation factor b = 0.430 * For thick ring
Hoop stress deformation factor a = 0.083 * For thick ring
Max. b = 0.430 * Max. one gives conservative results.
Max. a = 0.083 * Max. one gives conservative results.
Shear area Ash = 0.0173 m2

Applied Couple Moment M0 = 196.32 kN-m * Positive as the figure, negative if opposite
q = 15 Deg 0.262 Rad
x = 20 Deg 0.349 Rad
x-q = 1 * Equal to 0 if X<q
c = 0.966 * cosq
s = 0.259 * sinq
z = 0.342 * sinx
u = 0.940 * cosx
k2 = 0.917 * 1-a
k1 = 1.348 * 1-a+b
Load term LTM = 196.3 kN-m * Compression of W
Load term LTN = 0.0 kN * Compression of W
Load term LTV = 0.0 kN * Compression of W
Internal moment MA = -157.9 kN-m * At point A MC = -5.7 kN-m
Internal axial (hoop) NA = 40.7 kN * At point A
Internal radial shear VA = 0.0 kN * At point A
Internal moment at various angles M20deg = 37.0 kN-m * In this case, considerd at 20 Deg
Internal hoop at various angles N20deg = 38.2 kN-m * In this case, considerd at 20 Deg
Internal shear at various angles V20deg = -13.9 kN-m * In this case, considerd at 20 Deg
Change in diameter in horizontal DDH = m
Change in diameter in vertical DDV = m
Angle, x M N V D MRd NRd VRd UCbend UCaxial UCshear UCcomb. UCcomb.
(Deg) (kN-m) (kN) (kN) (mm) (kN-m) (kN) (kN) AISC VonMises
0 -157.9 40.7 0.0 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.00
5 -158.0 40.5 -3.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.00
10 -158.3 40.1 -7.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.00
15 -158.7 39.3 -10.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.00
20 37.0 38.2 -13.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00
25 36.3 36.9 -17.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00
30 35.4 35.2 -20.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00
35 34.4 33.3 -23.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00
40 33.2 31.2 -26.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.00
45 31.9 28.8 -28.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.00
50 30.5 26.2 -31.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00
55 29.0 23.3 -33.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00
60 27.4 20.3 -35.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00
65 25.7 17.2 -36.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00
70 23.9 13.9 -38.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00
75 22.1 10.5 -39.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00
80 20.2 7.1 -40.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00
85 18.3 3.5 -40.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
90 16.4 0.0 -40.7 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
95 14.4 -3.5 -40.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
100 12.5 -7.1 -40.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
105 10.7 -10.5 -39.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
110 8.8 -13.9 -38.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
115 7.1 -17.2 -36.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
120 5.4 -20.3 -35.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
125 3.7 -23.3 -33.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
130 2.2 -26.2 -31.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
135 0.8 -28.8 -28.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
140 -0.5 -31.2 -26.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
145 -1.7 -33.3 -23.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
150 -2.7 -35.2 -20.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
155 -3.6 -36.9 -17.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
160 -4.3 -38.2 -13.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
165 -4.9 -39.3 -10.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
170 -5.3 -40.1 -7.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
175 -5.6 -40.5 -3.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
180 -5.7 -40.7 0.0 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
185 -5.6 -40.5 -3.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
190 -5.3 -40.1 -7.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
195 -4.9 -39.3 -10.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
200 -4.3 -38.2 -13.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
205 -3.6 -36.9 -17.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
210 -2.7 -35.2 -20.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
215 -1.7 -33.3 -23.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
220 -0.5 -31.2 -26.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
225 0.8 -28.8 -28.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
230 2.2 -26.2 -31.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
235 3.7 -23.3 -33.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
240 5.4 -20.3 -35.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
245 7.1 -17.2 -36.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
250 8.8 -13.9 -38.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
 255 10.7 -10.5 -39.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
260 12.5 -7.1 -40.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
265 14.4 -3.5 -40.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
270 16.4 0.0 -40.7 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
275 18.3 3.5 -40.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
280 20.2 7.1 -40.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00
285 22.1 10.5 -39.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00
290 23.9 13.9 -38.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00
295 25.7 17.2 -36.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00
300 27.4 20.3 -35.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00
305 29.0 23.3 -33.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00
310 30.5 26.2 -31.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00
315 31.9 28.8 -28.8 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.00
320 33.2 31.2 -26.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.00
325 34.4 33.3 -23.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00
330 35.4 35.2 -20.3 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00
335 36.3 36.9 -17.2 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00
340 37.0 38.2 -13.9 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00
345 -158.7 39.3 -10.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.00
350 -158.3 40.1 -7.1 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.00
355 -158.0 40.5 -3.5 759.4 9152.6 5181 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.00
Max. -158.7 -40.7 -40.7 0.21 0.00 0.01 0.21 0.00
 Bending Moment Diagram Axial Force (Hoop) Diagram
345350355 0 5 10 15 345350355 0 5 10 1520
335 340
330
202530 335 340 25
325 200.0 35 330 30
325 50.0 35
320 40 320 40
315 45 315 45
310 50 310 50
305 55 305 55
300 60 300 60
295 0.0 65 295 65
0.0
290 70 290 70
285 75 285 75
280 80 280 80
275 85 275 85
270 -200.0 90 270 -50.0 90
265 95 265 95
260 100 260 100
255 105 255 105
250 110 250 110
245 115 245 115
240 120 240 120
235 125 235 125
230 130 230 130
225 135 225 135
220 140 220 140
215 145 215 145
210 150 210 150
205 200 160 155 205 200 155
195190185180175170165 195190185180175170165160

Radial Shear Force Diagram

345350355 0 5 10 15 20
335 340 25
330 30
325 0.0 35
320 40
315 45
310 50
305 55
300 60
295 65
290 70
285 75
280 80
275 85
270 -50.0 90
265 95
260 100
255 105
250 110
245 115
240 120
235 125
230 130
225 135
220 140
215 145
210 150
205 200 155
195190185180175170165160
240 120
235 125
230 130
225 135
220 140
215 145
210 150
205 200 155
195190185180175170165160