Magnetic sensors

Magnetic sensors are the sensors which measures magnetic field.There

are two types of magnetic sensors one which measures net magnetic
field and another which measures components of magnetic field.
Magnetic sensors are used in automobiles,airplanes and one of the
most important application of magnetic sensor it is used in memory
devices like tape drives.Magnetometer is also one of the most common
application of magnetic sensor which detect earth's magnetic field.

Hall effect sensor

Hall effect sensor is widely used due to its low cost .It works on the
priciple of hall voltage which is discovered by Edwin H Hall .Hall voltge
develope when strong magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the
conductor which in turn also produces elctric field prependicular to
magnetic field.Hall sensors made up of semiconductors like indium
antimonid.

Magnetodiode

Magnetodiode is the p-n junction where between p and n region

undoped semiconductor is present.In magnetodiode metal -p type
junction connected with positive potential and metal-n type junction is
connected with negative potential which gives rise to current from both
sides in undoped region and both diffusion and drift current flows and
net current is sum of both drift and diffusion current.

Magnetotransistor

Just like magnetodiode is the type of diode magnetotransistor is the

type of npn transistor where two n junction is separted from each other
by p junction there is one diffrence between normal transistor and
magnetometer is that magnetotransistor consist of two collector but
normal transistor consist of one collector .Hall and Suhl effects are used
to detect the magnetic field .