The Necklace He was a civil servant; first at the ministry visits her, Mathilde is consumed with

of maritime affairs, then at the ministry of jealousy. She lend the necklace to
By: Guy de Maupassant
education. Mathilde for the party eventually, we
discover that the necklace contained
CHARACTERS OF THE STORY:
fake diamonds.
Facts about the author:
 Mathilde Loisel – a beautiful woman  George Ramponneau and Madame
Henri Rene Albert Guy de Maupassant who yearns for a life of luxury and George
wealth. Was invited to a fancy party and RAMPONNEAU – is the Minister of
-August 5, 1850 Public Instruction.
she borrowed a necklace from her
-He wrote some 300 short stories. wealthy friend named MADAME
FORESTIER for she refuses to go to the
-6 novels, 3 travel book and 1 volume of the party without expensive jewels and a SETTING OF THE STORY:
verse. beautiful gown. After a night of
Minor setting: MINE FORESTIER’S
“Boule de Suif”- was his first published happiness, which she immerses herself
HOUSE – a large closet (wardrobe) with a
story (Ball of Suet 1880) is often considered in the life of glamour that she believes
mirrored door.
his masterpiece. she deserves, she spends the next 10
years paying for her fleeting happiness
-he was born at the CHATEAU de as result of losing the borrowed
MIROMESNIEL. POINT OF VIEW: 3rd person limited point of
necklace.
view.
 Monsieur Loisel – devoted husband
-Dieppe on August 5, 1850.
who is contented with his humble
In 1869 – Maupassant started to study law lifestyle. He finds it completely
in PARIS. incomprehensible that her wife does not CONFLICT:
accept their lifestyle; nonetheless, he Mathilde loses the necklace and has to give up
Age of 20 – he volunteered to serve in the
appeases her desires for glamour and the one thing she has to give it back.
army during the FRANCO-PRUSSIAN war
fun because he wishes for her to be
between the years 1872 and 1880.
happy. THEME: One of the central themes of the
 Madame Forestier – mathilde’s necklace is that of “Appearance VS. Reality”
wealthy friend. Every time Mathilde
TONE: Maupassant is detached from his
characters, but the reader never gets the
feeling he doesn’t care about them.
THE EVELINE
By: JAMES JOYCE
The Authors Background:
Name: James Augustine Aloysius Joyce
Birthday: February 2, 1882
Died: January 13, 1941, Zurich, Switzerland
(AGE 58)
- A heavy drinker and he died in 1941
from complications after having surgery
on a perforated ulcer.
Key Facts about eveline:
 Full title – EVELINE
 When writer – Summer of 1904
 Where written – Unknown, but not
DUBLIN, somewhere in CROATIA or
ITALY.
 When published – originally published
in the IRISH HOMESTEAD on the
Sep. 10th 1904, revised and published
in PUBLISHERS in 1914.
 Literary Period – MODERNISM
 Genre – SHORT-FICTION childhood but now for waters has gone back to
England & Tizzie Dunn has died. The other
families have also either moved away or died.
CHARACTERS OF THE STORY:
MINOR CHARCTERS:
EVELINE HILL – She is the protagonist of
ERNEST – Evelines older brother who is now
the story. She is a hardworking IRISH woman
dead and was too “grown up” to play in the
around the age of 19 living with her father in
field with her and the other
her childhood home in Dublin.
Neighbor children when she was little.
FRANK – originally from Dublin but
Mentioned that ERNEST “had been her
currently a SAILOR with a home in BUENOS
favorite”
AYRES, Frank meets eveline in Maristin
Dublin. Eveline describes him as “kind, HARRY – the only other sibling that Eveline
manly, open hearted” and liking hearing names. He currently works in the church
stories about his travels. decorating business and usually away from
Dublin in other parts of Ireland. Send up
EVELINE’S FATHER – the father of eveline
money to Eveline’s father.
and was abusive to her siblings and mother.
THE PRIEST – an old friend of Eveline’s
EVELINE”S MOTHER – made a lot of
Father.
sacrifices for her husband and family, and
according to EVELINE, didn’t receive respect
from her peers and perhaps had a reputation
SETTING: 20 century Dublin
for having a violent husband. She died of an
unspecified illness. THEME: Theme of memory and
responsibility
THE WATERS, THE DUNNS AND THE
DEVINES – three families that used to live on CONFLICT: Struggles to separate herself
Eveline’s street. She mentions playing with from religious and familial obligations.
children from these families during her
POINT OF VIEW: 3rd person (LIMITED)
CLIMAX: Eveline contemplates running
away to ARGENTINA with her, lover Frank
but at the last minute she paralyzed.
INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR
JOYCE:
 Joyce, the eldest of 10 children in his family to
survive infancy was sent at age 6 to clongowes
wood college, a Jesuit boarding school that has
been describe as “THE ETON OF IRELAND”
but his father was not the man to stay affluent
for long; he drank, neglected his affairs and
borrowed money from his office and his family
sank deeper and deeper in poverty, the children
becoming accustomed to conditions of
increasing sordidness. She did not return to
clongowes in 1891; instead he stayed at home
for the next 2 years and tried to educate
himself, asking his mother to check his work.
In April 1893 he and his brother
STANISLAUS were admitted, without fees, to
BELVEDERE College, a Jesuit grammar
school in Dublin. Joyce did well there
academically and was twice elected president
of the however, under a cloud, as it was
thought that he had lost his Roman Catholic
Faith.
 He entered university College Dublin, which
was then staffed by Jesuit priests there he
studied language and reserved his energies for
extracurricular activities, reading widely-
particularly in books not recommended by the
Jesuits- and taking an active part in the
college’s literary and historical society. Greatly
admiring HENRICK IBSEN. He learned
DANO-NORWEGIAN to read the original and
had an article “IBSEN”S NEW DRAMA” a
review of the play “When we dead awaken” –
published in the London for tightly review in
1900 just after his 18th birthday this early
success confirmed Joyce in his resolution to
become a writer and persuaded his family,
friends, and teachers that the resolution was
justified. In October 1901 he published an
essay “the day of Rabblement”, attacking the
Irish literacy theatre (Later the Abbey theatre,
in Dublin) for catering to popular taste.