‫‪Republic of Iraq‬‬ ‫جمهورية( العراق‬

‫‪Ministry of Higher Education‬‬ ‫وزارة التعليم العا(لي والبح(ث العلمي(‬

‫‪and‬‬
‫‪Scientific Research‬‬ ‫جامعـ ـةبابـ ـل‬
‫‪University of Babylon‬‬ ‫كلي ـ ـةتكنولوجيااملعلو(ما‬
‫‪College of Information Technology‬‬ ‫قسم شبك(ا ام(لعلوما(‬
‫‪Department of Information‬‬

‫تقري(ر االمتحان االلكترو(ني لطل(بة الدراسات االولية للعام الدراسي ‪ 2019(-2020‬والذي يمثل ‪ 30%‬من درجة االمتحان النهائي ( ‪15‬‬
‫درجة من ‪ 50‬درجة من الدرجة النهائية ) وحسب الكتاب الوزاري ذي العدد ت م‪ 3/‬د ‪ /2318‬في ‪2020/6/4‬‬

‫اسم الطالب ا ثل الثي ‪ :‬أحمد سالم صالح‬ ‫اسم التدريسي ‪ :‬أ‪.‬م‪.‬د‪ .‬مهدي عبا دي مانع الموسوي‬
‫‪Network Operating‬‬ ‫المــــــــــــــــــــــادة ‪:‬‬
‫‪System‬‬
‫القســــــــــــــــــــم ‪ :‬شبكات المعلو مات‬
‫المرحلـــــــــــــــة ‪ :‬الثاثة صباحي ‪ /‬مسائي‬
‫الفصل الدر اســــــي‪ :‬الثاني‬
 ABSTRACT

Cloud Computing is a new technology that provides us all the

services and resources for retrieving our data globally. Now a days IT
industry is standing at the threshold of a new era in the technological
field. Cloud computing is everything that could answer the problems of
IT companies. Cloud computing has the ability to make IT resources
more cost-effective and it gives businesses a great flexibility to expand.
There are several fields including business, governance, utility
computing, military, and healthcare
where computer system play а vital role. All the fields include the
sharing of data among each other’s. So if we want a channel through
which we will have easy way to communicate and share the data then
cloud computing provides us a very seamless way to communicate.
But as the time is growing cloud computing should also have to
enhance its performance. Many big companies are not adopting this
technology till now because of many challenges. The different types of
challenges are:

1. Performance
2. Security and privacy

3. Bandwidth cost

In this paper we have tried to summarize the uses, benefits and

challenges of cloud computing and we also have tried to explain how
the cloud computing can help in business in today’s scenario.
Keywords—Cloud computing, Utility computing, Governance, Internet.

I. INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing is the use of computing resources both hardware as

well as software that are delivered as a service over a network typically
the Internet. As the name suggests clouds means that the network is of
the cloud type as the clouds spreads in the sky as a network. In cloud
computing we may access our data globally via the use of internet.
Internet plays a vital role while sharing of data in between various
networks. We run many applications via the use of a cloud and Cloud
providers manage the infrastructure and platforms that run the
applications.

Day by day, big companies spend millions of dollars on their IT

infrastructure that consist of hardware, system software, applications,
networks, people, and other organizational assets. Now a day’s
computing is becoming as import part of our life as the importance of
water in human life. So we will also have to change our mind as per the
technology is changing. The cloud is simply a service where all the data
saves but when it combines with computing then it became very
complex and fuzzy. Here different services- such as servers, storage and
applications are delivered to an organization's computers and devices
through the Internet.
 Republic of Iraq ‫جمهورية( العراق‬
Ministry of Higher Education (‫وزارة التعليم العا(لي والبح(ث العلمي‬
and
Scientific Research ‫جامعـ ـةبابـ ـل‬
University of Babylon ‫كلي ـ ـةتكنولوجيااملعلو(ما‬
College of Information Technology (‫قسم شبك(ا ام(لعلوما‬
Department of Information

II.HOW CLOUD WORKS

The main goal of cloud computing is to apply supercomputing or high-

performance computing power to the organizations such as military,
healthcare, utility computing and all to perform trillions of
computations per second to provide a very large data storage.

Suppose we have an organization. In that organization we will

also have to provide all the facilities to all of the employees of that
organization like right hardware and software they need to do their
jobs. We will buy the computers for each and every employee of the
organization but that is not enough we will also have to provide the
software and tools required for the job. Whenever we have a new hire,
we have to buy more software or make sure our current software
license allows another user. That is a very long lasting process so the
solution of the problem is cloud computing. In which we will have a
centralize server which will provide all the services to the employees as
well as to the customers.

1
Figure 1.working principle of cloud computing

The total workload of the local computers shifted to server

computers by using cloud computing technology. Local computers no
longer have to do all the heavy lifting of data and all when it comes to
running applications. The network of computers that make up the
“cloud” handles them. We have a very good example ofcloud
computing that is the E-mail which most of us have used many times
but we did not notice that where our data actually saved, that is in the
cloud and we access our data whenever we want to access.

III. SECURITY ISSUES AND CHALLAGES

 Cloud computing comes into focus when you think about IT. If we
are using this technique in our business applications then we will also
have to make our business more secure. There are mainly three models
of cloud computing IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS (Platform as
a Service), and SaaS (Software as a Service). These three models have
different impact on different types of applications. Two main questions
arise while using these models that are:

– How secure is the Data?

– How secure is the Code?
Here is a rough breakdown of what cloud computing is all about:

1. Software as a Service (SaaS)

2. Utility computing
3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
4. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a service (SaaS)
Software as a service is a software distribution model in which all
the applications are hosted by the service provider and made available
globally over a network. From that cloud networks any customer may
access their services. All the users or consumers need is to get the
benefits of using the software or hardware of the computer like
sending emails etc. Just to get this benefit why should a consumer buy
a software /hardware?
 Software as a Service application is accessed as using web browsers
over the internet. So web browser security plays a vital role while
accessing our data. There are mainly four driving factors of SaaS by
which SaaS provides new opportunities for software vendors that are:

• Increased speed of deployment

• Increased user adoption
• Reduced support requirements
• Lowered cost of implementation and upgrades

Utility computing
Utility computing is mainly a business model which provides
services as per the demand. As the name suggest “utility computing”
which generally means that any service which is mostly needed by
any customer?

Better economic is the main benefit of utility computing.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS is also a very vital service for the customers, using cloud
computing. There is an infrastructure where all the software and
hardware are available. Only the service providers have the
responsibility to manage these infrastructures rather than the
customers. Customers have not to invest huge amount of money in
computing hardware such as servers or networking devices. This is
the first model in which we rely on while using cloud services.
Figure 2.Visual model of cloud computing definition

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS provides computational resources through the platform
such as Operating System. It is directly proportional to the
Infrastructure as a service. In this model, the consumer creates the
software using tools from the provider. The business needs
Information Technology to rapidly develop, deploy, and maintain new
applications to remain competitive and PaaS helps organizations in
the same. The factor that makes PaaS unique is that it lets developers
build and deploy web applications on a hosted infrastructure. If our
platform will be better than it will be beneficial for us to use the SaaS
in our system.

So we may briefly say that all the three models rely on each
other. So if we want to make our system to be feasible than service
providers will have to manage all the modes of cloud computing very
efficiently.

IV. ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD BASED SOLUTION

Cloud computing based IT solution for organizations offers many

advantages over the network some advantages are as follows:
1. Cloud computing reduces cost of our hardware, software (all
those downloaded programs), networking management and overall IT
expenses. You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer
to run cloud computing web-based applications. Since applications run
in the cloud, not on the desktop PC, your desktop PC does not need the
processing power or hard disk space demanded by traditional desktop
software.
2. Using cloud based applications we always get the better
performance of our PC. Computers in a cloud computing system boot
and run faster because they have fewer programs and processes
loaded into memory. With few programs in our computer's memory,
we will see better performance from our PC.
3. The software cost by using this computing is very low because
the customer will not have to buy any type of software. All the
software’s are available in the web store only the customer has to
utilize those software’s as per the need. In other words the service
providers will provide us all the software applications to the customers
for efficient use.
4. One of the most important advantage of cloud computing is
scalability. It means that we may scale our business as per the demand
of the market. We will not have to go through the expensive programs
or hardware for the business.
5. For the IT industry, cloud computing provides better IT solutions
to utilize infrastructure. As we know that these infrastructures are very
expensive and now these infrastructures can now be shares among any
user using cloud computing. This will reduce the overall power
consumptions. So it will be better for our environment also.
6. using of cloud computing also increase the data reliability. As
when we are using desktop computing then all our data is saved in our
hard disk in the PC. When our hard disk is crashed then all our data will
never be recovered using any type of tool but when it comes to cloud
computing a computer crashing in cloud will not affect the storage of
our data. So cloud computing is a data-safe computing platform.
7. We may access our data universally in the clouds. This is the main
advantage of using cloud computing. We always not take our
document with us instead, they stay in the cloud and we can access
them whenever we have a computer with an internet connection with
it.
8. In cloud based solutions the important data and services are
totally managed by the big well established companies who usually are
experts in network security. So cloud computing based solutions are
often secure with this respect.
 V. NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing provides an opportunity for business innovation

and providing a platform to turn IT into a more effective and responsive
business service. In many organizations cloud computing is in its early
stage. Many researchers conclude that cloud computing will grow, but
it will be a bumpy ride. Following are the obstacles and opportunities of
cloud computing:
Figure 3: Top 10 Obstacles and opportunities for growth of cloud
computing

Global studies say that ‘cloud services’ could invest trillion of

money in new business avenue between end of 2009 and end of
2013. These cloud services will rapidly grow at over five times than
the traditional offerings. Telecommunication companies should be
able to use their datacenters to provide cloud services to customers
and to take advantage of transaction of data in between many other
companies. The market of the companies may be slow down only due
to lack of sufficient knowledge of web services. If companies are
unable to overcome their disadvantage of web service than the
companies will have to focus on their core competitive and will have
to provide services such as customer support and billing. On the other
hand telecommunication companies can try to overcome their
disadvantage by cooperating with IT companies. Although some
researchers think that cloud computing is an unnecessary thing only
for the data transfer in between networks but in becomes more
efficient when we apply the concept of internet on cloud computing.
So most IT companies are adopting this technology day by day to
enhance the performance of the industry. Some heavy weight
services will not be available in the clouds for free of cost. To grab
those services we have to pay some amount. But most of the services
are available free of cost in the cloud to whom anyone can access.

For cloud application providers, the opportunities of big data fall into
three categories that are:

• Enabling big data

• Analyzing big data
• Productizing big data

VI. CONCLUSSION

In an emerging discipline of cloud computing, security is the main

issue that should have to be provided by big companies who are
providing the service of clouds. So we may say that cloud computing
brings both opportunities as well as challenges for us. In this paper we
mainly focus on the services provided by cloud and new opportunities
in the IT industries by using cloud computing. We have three models of
cloud computing that are IaaS, PaaS and SaaS as shown in the diagram.
All the three models are important because all have different impact on
implementation of the services. We also points out some
advantages of using cloud computing based solution in this paper.
Cloud computing plays a vital role in our technological life because with
the use of cloud computing we may saves our time as well as the cost.
The only thing we will have to focus on is the security issue regarding
data. The service providers will have to provide us confidentiality and
integrity of data.

So we may say that cloud computing is a leading technology

worldwide. If security, authentication and authorization will be
provided effectively then this will be one of the most promising
technologies.

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