Primary Tillage

Equipment
Primary Tillage Equipment

 Moldboard Plow
 Disk Plow
 Chisel Plow
 Rotary Tiller
 Hydrotiller
 Microtiller
Moldboard Plow
It is considered as one of the oldest
and most important tillage
equipment.
It consists of warped surfaces with
sharp cutting edges.
drawn by a power tiller,
or powered by a
tractor.
 It provides an
effective weed
control.
 It buries
trash and
crop
residues.
It inverts
and
aerates
the soil.
It is strong and simple.

With few moving parts.

 It
produces
uniform
furrows.
Parts of a
Moldboard
Plow
 supporting parts

plow bottom
Supporting Parts
Beam or frame

Standard
The beamThe
or frame
frame

is the backbone of the

moldboard plow.
The
shank

is also
known as
standard
or shin.
It
supports
the entire
plow
bottom.
It attaches the plow
bottom to the frame.
Plow Bottom

Business End of the Plow

It is the soil engaging tool.
Parts of the plow bottom

moldboard
shin

share

Front View
Parts of the plow bottom

frog
moldboard landside

Rear View
 Moldboard

causes lifting and turning of soil

 Share

provides the suction and soil penetration

 Shin

provides the vertical cut

The frog holds all
parts together.
The
landside
keeps the
plow
straight
and steady

and absorbs side forces.

 Plow Accessories
parts that improve the plow
performance
- Coulter
- Jointer
- Moldboard extension or tailpiece
- Trashboard
- Gauge Wheel
Disk Coulters
round
disk
blades
located
in front
of the
plow
bottom.
 Disk
Coulters
They cut trash ahead of the plow bottom.
 notched,
They may be plain,

or
ridged.
 Jointer

- a small plow body in front of

the plow bottom.
It cuts a ribbon
of soil ahead of
the plow
bottom
and ensures
good trash
coverage.
Moldboard Extension

- an attachment at the rear of

the moldboard
 It provides
increased
turning action.
 Trashboard

- found above
and at the
leading edge of
- deflects trash into
the moldboard
the furrow bottom.
Gauge Wheel

to
steady
the plow
and
control
plowing
depth
 It may be It is set
found to run
adjacent on land.
to the rear
bottom.
Types of Moldboard
Plow
• One-Way Moldboard Plow
• Two-Way or Reversible
Moldboard Plow
One-Way Plow

has only one set of plow bottoms.

with only one set of
plow bottoms.
 Bottoms
turn furrow
slices to
the right.
It is relatively
simple, cheap,
with less
moving parts.
It may be constructed with
more bottoms

because it is relatively lighter.

Large headlands are necessary.

It requires longer time to

finish an area.
Two-Way or Reversible Plow
has two sets of
bottoms sharing a
frame.
two sets
of
bottoms
sharing a
frame.
Bottoms may be rotated 180°.
Plow is indexed (rotated) at the
end of furrows.

So both sets of bottoms turn

the soil to the right.
It has far greater field efficiency.
It provides big savings in time
on small fields.
 It is convenient,
and requires less
skill in plowing.
 A level
surface is
created.

.
Disk Plow
a primary tillage equipment
consisting of individually
mounted concave
rotating
disks.
 Suited for the
following conditions:

heavy, dry soil,

soils
containing
heavy
roots and
stones.
 Advantages
• disks are self sharpening,

• fewer problems on sticky soils,

• provides
good mixing.
 Disk plows roll over
obstructions to prevent
damage to the disks.
Disadvantages
• does not completely invert the soil,

• less efficient weed control.

 A
straight
line of
travel is
difficult
to
maintain.
Constant
working
depth is
difficult
to
maintain.
Disk plows
must be heavy
to penetrate
the soil.
 Parts
hitch points
scraper
standard
frame

Rear disks bearing

wheel
Disks are set with angles
Tilt angle – angle of the
disk from the vertical
line.

Disk angle – angle of

the disk from the
direction of travel.
Principles of
Operation
Soil and trash
are cut by the
disks.

The disks are

rotated by soil
reaction
 Disks lift
and deposit
the soil with
pouring
tumbling
action.
 Soil is
crumbled
and
mixed.
Chisel Plow
It consists of 2 – 3 rows of
heavy-duty rigid shanks
attached to a box frame.
 It is suitable
for working in
straw and
harvest
residue.
 It is an implement which shatters
the soil without complete burial or
mixing of surface materials.
 Its non-inverting
action makes it ideal
for moisture
conservation.
Tools penetrate hard soil,
shatter compacted soil,

and break up
large clods.
It helps prevent erosion

and promotes
infiltration.
It is light
It has less
and draft
simple. requirement.

It has high field

capacity.
It may be used with other
implements.
 Sections may be
folded for transport.
Rotary Tiller
It is a pto-driven implement
with rotating blades
• to chop and mix trash and organic
matter with soil,

• or to cultivate row crops.

It consists of
• frame

• rotor
Chain
drive Gear
box

Hood Skid
 Frame – to
support the main
shaft and hold all
Parts
parts together

Rotor –
the soil-
Skid – for engaging
depth part
control
 Hood - to Gear box –
to allow pto
control the
amount of
Parts rotation to
“take a
shattered soil. corner”.

Chain drive –
transmits pto
rotation to the rotor
 The rotor consists of

shaft

flanges
Blades or knives
 Blades or knives

• the soil
• attached to
engaging
the flange in
tools
pairs.
Blades are arranged in a scroll pattern.

Only one blade hits the soil at a

time.
Principles of
Operation
 Blades cut the soil when moving
downwards.
Blades cut
wedge-shaped
slices from the
soil.

Soil is thrown
backwards against the
hood.
 Size of bites depend on rotor
speed,

number
speed of
of flanges.
travel,
Hydrotiller
It is a compact and functional tiller

designed for fields

having deep mud and/or
excessive
water.
It is a portable
floating-type with
power tiller strong
rotavating/
puddling
action.
It buries and incorporates rice
stubbles.

It
produces
uniform
puddling
without
furrows.
Capacity is 1.8 to 2 ha/day

It is
substantially
better
than
traditional hand
tractors.
Microtiller
 The microtiller is a modification
of the hydrotiller.

It is
more
compact
and lighter
(65 kg).
 It can be easily
dismantled

and
assembled
by hand
to facilitate
transport.
 It buries and incorporates
rice stubbles.

Filed
capacity is
2
440 m /hr
or 0.35
ha/day
End of Lesson

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