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2018馬來西亞清華盃物理科考題
2018馬來西亞清華盃物理科考題
物理科試題
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【本考試禁止使用計算機及任何電子產品】
祝考試順利!
主辦單位:國立清華大學、馬來西亞清華大學校友會
承辦單位:國立清華大學教務處、化學系、物理系、科教中心
協辦單位:吉隆坡坤成中學
物理常數/Physical Constant:
2. 對於一般的拋射物運動,當被拋射的物體處於軌跡的最高點時
对于一般的抛射物运动,当被抛射的物体处于轨迹的最高点时
For general projectile motion, when the projectile is at the highest point of its trajectory
(A) 其加速度為零。其加速度为零。
Its acceleration is zero.
(B) 其速度垂直於加速度。其速度垂直于加速度。
Its velocity is perpendicular to the acceleration.
(C) 其速度和加速度均為零。其速度和加速度均为零。
Its velocity and acceleration are both zero.
(D) 其速度的水平和垂直分量為零。其速度的水平和垂直分量为零。
The horizontal and vertical components of its velocity are zero.
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4. 國際太空站的質量為 1.8 × 105 kg。一名 70.0 kg 的太空人向太空站內的一面牆推,產生
2
1.50 m/s 的加速度。太空人這一推使太空站產生的加速度大小是多少?請給對在太空站旁
漫步的觀察者的答案,此觀察者不會被太空人推動而加速。
国际太空站的质量为 1.8 × 105 kg。一名 70.0 kg 的航天员向太空站内的一面墙推,产生
2
1.50 m/s 的加速度。航天员这一推使太空站产生的加速度大小是多少?请给对在太空站旁
漫步的观察者的答案,此观察者不会被航天员推动而加速。
5
The International Space Station has a mass of 1.8 × 10 kg. A 70.0-kg astronaut inside the station
2
pushes off one wall of the station so she accelerates at 1.50 m/s . What is the magnitude of the
acceleration of the space station as the astronaut is pushing off the wall? Give your answer
relative to an observer who is space walking and therefore does not accelerate with the space
station due to the push.
-4 2
(A) 5.8 × 10 m/s (B) 1.50 m/s2 (C) 4.7 × 10-4 m/s2 (D) zero
5. 你驚慌失措地踩剎車,並在平直的道路上滑行一定距離。如果你的行駛速度是原來的兩倍,
那麼在相同的條件下,即煞車所造成之摩擦力相同,汽車打滑的距離比原來長多少?
你惊慌失措地踩剎车,并在平直的道路上滑行一定距离。如果你的行驶速度是原来的两倍,
那么在相同的条件下,即煞车所造成之摩擦力相同,汽车打滑的距离比原来长多少?
You slam on the brakes of your car in a panic, and skid a certain distance on a straight, level road.
If you had been traveling twice as fast, what distance would the car have skidded, under identical
conditions(i.e. the friction force due to the brake is the same)?
(A) 它會打滑4倍遠。它会打滑4倍远。 It would have skidded 4 times farther.
(B) 它會打滑2倍遠。它会打滑2倍远。 It would have skidded 2 times farther.
(C) 它會打滑 2 倍遠。它会打滑 2 倍远。 It would have skidded 2 times farther.
(D) 它會打滑原來的1/2倍距離。它会打滑原来的1/2倍距离。 It would have skidded 1/2 as far.
~2~
7. 一顆棒球被垂直向上拋出。假設沒有空氣阻力,在它上升時
一颗棒球被垂直向上抛出。假设没有空气阻力,在它上升时
A baseball is thrown vertically upward and feels no air resistance. As it is rising
(A) 其動量和機械能都守恆。其动量和机械能都守恒。
both its momentum and its mechanical energy are conserved.
(B) 其動量不守恆,但其機械能守恆。其动量不守恒,但其机械能守恒。
its momentum is not conserved, but its mechanical energy is conserved.
(C) 其動量和動能都是守恆的。其动量和动能都是守恒的。
both its momentum and its kinetic energy are conserved.
(D) 它的重力位能不守恆,但它的動量是守恆的。
它的重力位能不守恒,但它的动量是守恒的。
its gravitational potential energy is not conserved, buts its momentum is conserved.
9. 一個 56 公斤的高空彈跳者從橋上跳下後,最後達到簡諧運動。如果振盪週期是 11.2 秒,
彈力繩的彈簧常數是多少?假設彈力繩的質量與高空彈跳者相比可以忽略不計。
一个 56 公斤的高空弹跳者从桥上跳下后,最后达到简谐运动。如果振荡周期是 11.2 秒,
弹力绳的弹簧常数是多少?假设弹力绳的质量与高空弹跳者相比可以忽略不计。
A 56 kg bungee jumper jumps off a bridge and undergoes simple harmonic motion. If the period
of oscillation is 11.2 s, what is the spring constant of the bungee cord, assuming it has negligible
mass compared to that of the jumper?
(A) 17.8 N/m (B) 21.1 N/m (C) 28.2 N/m (D) 5.3 N/m
~3~
10. 一名婦女沿著道路以 18.0 m/s 的速度騎自行車,該道路平行於一條在路旁的鐵軌。她聽到
火車的哨笛聲從後面傳來,火車哨笛聲的頻率是 840 Hz,但此婦女聽到的頻率是 778 Hz。
假設聲速為 340 m/s,火車的速度是多少?火車是遠離自行車還是朝著自行車行駛的?
一名妇女沿着道路以 18.0 m/s 的速度骑自行车,该道路平行于一条在路旁的铁轨。她听到
火车的哨笛声从后面传来,火车哨笛声的频率是 840 Hz,但此妇女听到的频率是 778 Hz。
假设声速为 340 m/s,火车的速度是多少?火车是远离自行车还是朝着自行车行驶的?
A woman is riding a bicycle at 18.0 m/s along a straight road that runs parallel to and right next
to some railroad tracks. She hears the whistle of a train that is behind. The frequency emitted by
the train is 840 Hz, but the frequency the woman hears is 778 Hz. Take the speed of sound to be
340 m/s. What is the speed of the train, and is the train traveling away from or toward the
bicycle?
(A) 1.32 m/s 遠離自行車。 1.32 m/s 远离自行车。 1.32 m/s , away from the bicycle.
(B) 1.32 m/s 朝著自行車。 1.32 m/s 朝着自行车。 1.32 m/s , toward the bicycle.
(C) 7.67 m/s 遠離自行車。 7.67 m/s 远离自行车。 7.67 m/s , away from the bicycle.
(D) 7.67 m/s 朝著自行車。 7.67 m/s 朝着自行车。 7.67 m/s , toward the bicycle.
~4~
13. 一袋密封的馬鈴薯片,在海平面 1.00 atm 的壓力和20.0 °C 的溫度下,含有 2.00 L 的空
氣。如果你帶著它到溫度為 7.00 °C 大氣壓力為 70.0 kPa 的山上,袋子仍然是密封的,那
麼袋子的空氣體積會是多少?假設袋子像氣球,並且袋中空氣與外部空氣處於熱平衡狀態。
(一大氣壓等於 1.01 × 105 Pa )
一袋密封的马铃薯片,在海平面 1.00 atm 的压力和 20.0 °C 的温度下,含有 2.00 L 的空
气。如果你带着它到温度为 7.00 °C 大气压力为 70.0 kPa 的山上,袋子仍然是密封的,
那么袋子的空气体积会是多少?假设袋子像气球,并且袋中空气与外部空气处于热平衡状
态。(一大气压等于 1.01 × 105 Pa )
A bag of potato chips contains 2.00 L of air when it is sealed at sea level at a pressure of 1.00
atm and a temperature of 20.0 °C. What will be the volume of the air in the bag if you take it
with you, still sealed, to the mountains where the temperature is 7.00 °C and atmospheric
pressure is 70.0 kPa ? Assume that the bag behaves like a balloon and that the air in the bag is in
5
thermal equilibrium with the outside air. (1 atm = 1.01 × 10 Pa )
(A) 4.13 L (B) 1.01 L (C) 1.38 L (D) 2.76 L
14. 當電子進入電場方向向上的均勻電場時,電子最初向右移動。電子的軌跡是下列哪一條?
当电子进入电场方向向上的均匀电场时,电子最初向右移动。电子的轨迹是下列哪一条?
An electron is initially moving to the right when it enters a uniform electric field directed
upwards. Which trajectory shown below will the electron follow?
(A) 軌跡 W 轨迹 W trajectory W
(B) 軌跡 X 轨迹 X trajectory X
(C) 軌跡 Y 轨迹 Y trajectory Y
(D) 軌跡 Z 轨迹 Z trajectory Z
~5~
15. α粒子的帶電量為質子的 2 倍,質量為質子的 4 倍,當 α 粒子和質子皆由靜止開始經過
相同電位差的加速,則 α 粒子的速度將為質子速度的若干倍?
α粒子的带电量为质子的 2 倍,质量为质子的 4 倍,当 α 粒子和质子皆由静止开始经过
相同电位差的加速,则 α 粒子的速度将为质子速度的若干倍?
An alpha particle has twice the charge of the proton and 4 times the mass of the proton. When the
alpha particle and the proton are accelerated by the same potential difference from still, how
many times the velocity of the alpha particle will be compared to the proton velocity?
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/√2 (C) 1/√3 (D) 1/2
~6~
transitions from n = 4 energy level to n = 1 energy level, the emission wavelength is 97.2 nm.
What is the wavelength of the emitted electromagnetic wave when the electron transitions from n
= 4 energy level to n = 2 energy level?
(A) 112.0 nm (B) 153.4 nm (C) 272.8 nm (D) 486.0 nm
19. 光碟表面以凹點記錄訊息,其放大側視的示意圖如圖
圖2 光碟表面
2 所示。圖中讀取訊號的雷射光束中之 A 與 B 兩光 Figure 2 Surface of CDs
線在經過光碟表面反射之後,疊加成為建設性干涉。 A B C D
如果 C 與 D 兩光線可疊加成為破壞性干涉,則凹點
底部的深度可為雷射光束波長的多少倍?
光盘表面以凹点记录讯息,其放大侧视的示意图如图
凹點底部
2 所示。图中读取讯号的激光束中之 A 与 B 两光线 Bottom of the pit
在经过光盘表面反射之后,迭加成为建设性干涉。如
果 C 与 D 两光线可迭加成为破坏性干涉,则凹点底部的深度可为激光束波长的多少倍?
The surface of compact discs (CDs) has “pits” for recording information, and an enlarged
schematic view from the side is shown in the figure. For reading information, the two laser
beams hitting A and B are superimposed as constructive interference after being reflected by the
surface of CDs. If two laser beams hitting C and D can be superimposed as destructive
interference, what is the depth of the pit in the unit of the wavelength of the laser beam?
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 2
20. 康卜吞散射實驗是以光子與自由電子發生二維彈性碰撞,來分析散射光子波長的變化量。
石墨中碳原子的電子之最小游離能約為 5 eV,下列何種波長的光子最適合當作入射光照射
石墨產生自由電子以進行康卜吞散射實驗?
康卜吞散射实验是以光子与自由电子发生二维弹性碰撞,来分析散射光子波长的变化量。
石墨中碳原子的电子之最小游离能约为 5 eV,下列何种波长的光子最适合当作入射光照射
石墨产生自由电子以进行康卜吞散射实验?
The Compton scattering experiment display a change in the wavelength of scattered photons
from two-dimensional elastic collisions of photons and free electrons. The minimum free energy
of electrons in a carbon atom in graphite is about 5 eV. Which of the following wavelengths of
photons is most suitable for use as incident light to illuminate graphite to produce free electrons
for the Compton scattering experiment?
(A) 1 nm (B) 300 nm (C) 500 nm (D) 5000 nm
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