Effects Of Mass Tourism On Local Communities A Case Study Of Ibiza

Aim

 To examine how the uncontrolled tourism development results in negative impacts not only

on the destinations but also on the local communities.

 to examine whether tourists’ motivations have changed over the decades or if beach and sun

remain their main motivations for visiting Spain.

Objectives

 To ascertain the perceptions of Ibiza locals toward the tourists

 Evaluate the effects of mass tourism on traditional culture in Ibiza

 Analyze current trends and the nature of mass tourism in the island of Ibiza

 Assess the relationships among residents and tourists

Literature Review

Introduction

 The literature review will presents the effects of mass tourism focusing on the social cultural

and economic impacts.

Economic Effects

Positive economic impacts

 Tourism impacts positively on the economies of destinations they visit.

 Tourism appears to be effective compared to other industries in employment creation and

income generation.

 International tourism is an intangible export and generates a flow of foreign currency that

directly contributes to the balance of payment.

 The foreign exchange inflow influences the economy of the destination country.

 Domestic tourism serves to redistribute the local currency within the boundaries of a nation.

Negative economic impacts

 Over reliance on particular tourist destinations such as Ibiza on tourism.

 Some tourist destinations have exposed themselves to vulnerabilities associated with changes

in tourist demand.

 All their resources have been adapted to tourism leaving other sectors unfunded or with

limited funding

 Reduced tourist numbers adversely affect destination economies

 Tourism is in the hands external companies and international players such as air companies

and large tour operators who repatriate the profits to their home countries

Physical Impacts

 Tourism development changes and alters the environment (Buckley, 2004, p. 34).

 Tourism development requires established infrastructure, in addition to hotel accommodation

and other facilities relevant to the tourism sector.

 In some destinations, airfields and highways have been developed to boost tourism, however,

local communities rarely benefit from these developments (Andereck et al., 2005, p. 26).

 This results in increased land prices in tourist destinations

 High geographical concentration and the unplanned construction along the Spanish coastline

 Destinations face difficulties in meeting the high demand for services such as water

 Substantial demographic changes have also occurred in regions of mass tourism that have

recorded above average population growth rates from 1960 to 199 due to immigration
 With increased population, tourist destinations have witnessed an increase in home

constructions both for local inhabitants and for residential tourism (Buckley 2004, p. 405).

 Changes in the identity and image of a region

 Dilution of its cultural heritage (Buckley 2004, p. 407).

Cultural and Social and Impacts

 It gives room to enhance understanding between people from different cultures and

nationalities

 Allows the possibility of successful intercultural ties (Bakhat & Rossell'o 2011, p. 49).

 Enhances international understanding.

 The attitudes of the hosts may quickly become antagonistic if there is uncontrolled

development of services and facilities to meet the tourists` demands.

 Hosts may begin to fear tourists if the carrying capacity of their environment reaches or

exceeds its point of saturation

 Local hosts often resent the fact that they share services and facilities with tourists who bring

about the problem of congestion

 Local residents often dislike the visible economic superiority of tourists and as a result, they

attempt to emulate their behavior.

 The inception of foreign cultures and ideologies into communities exposed to tourists

highlights the foreign domination of the tourism industry

 Local residents may develop an inferiority complex that initiates a process of imitation.

 Foreign employment and ownership causes resentment from the locals

Tourism Benefits and costs

Benefits
 Tourists are viewed as a means for stimulating regional economic development and revive

growth in a destination.

 Increased wealth creation, more employment opportunities and increased land value

Costs

 Job creation in the sector is not often as good as desired because employees in the sector are

often poorly trained, underpaid, and employed on a part-time basis

 The sector also attracts foreign expatriates who compete with locals for employment

opportunities or economic opportunities to create their own businesses

 A lower quality of life for the host community than they would otherwise have lived if there

were no tourists (Espejo 2009, p.66).

 The state increases the tax to cater for infrastructural development needed to attract tourists

and provide basic services

 Mass tourism inflates land prices (Bakhat & Rossell'o 2011, p. 437).

 Foreign occupation of some destinations

 Tourism increases the general cost living in the tourist destination.

Conclusion

 The chapter has evaluated the physical, economic, and socio-cultural effects of mass tourism

 Similarly, the costs and benefits of tourism have been assessed