Script for GBT Site Survey and Construction Procedure

Slide 1-

1. The main purpose of survey is to provide a clear view of the site visited to the designer.
2. The view of the site can only be provided by drawing the exact layout of site as actual.
3. A steel tape should be carried because there is a chance of slag when we use a cloth tape.
4. The measurements should be measured in millimeters,
5. Compass should be carried to site to indicate exact north direction. This will be helping to place
the GSM antenna in the north direction.
6. Carrying tower details and other details like DG, Shelter etc will give us a clear idea of space
required against space available.

Slide 7 -

1. Details of excavation width tower base width, shelter size and DG size should be carried to know
exactly to verify the available place is sufficient to accommodate the necessary components of a
cell site as specified in the drawing.

Slide 8 –

1. Incase of non availability of foundation excavation width excavation width can be taken as
double the size of tower base width. Tower base width is the center to center distance between
tower legs.

Slide 9-

1. Site name, tower height and site address should be written at the top because this will be
helpful in differentiating the layouts of different sites.
2. Boundary lines should be drawn with dimensions, which will be helping the designer to evaluate
the amount of construction area available.
3. In order to mark the north direction place 0 deg of compass to the top of the paper which will
be acting as a reference point, the magnetic needle by itself will deflect to the north direction
and the angle of deflection should be noted which will give you exact north direction.
4. Making of adjacent roads, surrounding structures should be mentioned along with their
distances to evaluate the accessibility to the site
5. Level of the site under survey with respect to the road level should be measured; the site level
should be above the road level. In situations where it is not possible to measure the road level
highest flood level in that area should be taken as a reference level.
6. The dimensions of tower, DG, Shelter, Security room, Earth pits etc should be marked with
respect to the boundary to have a perfect understanding of site.
 7. Cable tray which is used for supporting/ carrying the RF and IF cables from the tower to the
shelter should be represented in the drawing, which will be helpful in deciding the facing of the
shelter.
8. The proposal of earth pits should be made along with the dimensions and distances from the
tower, DG, Shelter Security room etc as shown in the figure.
9. Marking of proposed security room and gate gives the complete picture of site to the designer.
10. Marking the nearest electric pole & transformer, EB line should be near to site, according to
position of Pole, tower position will be decided. The site crossing EB lines should not be used.
11. Site layout should be furnished with your name, employee ID, date & sign.
12. The site layout also contains the owner & customer engineer sign, to save for further legal
issues.
13. This rough layout will be sent to design department for finalized CAD Layout.

Slide 10 –

1. After finalizing the site, we carryout soil test to know SBC ( soil bearing capacity).
2. Soil report sent to design department to design foundation.
3. SBC means load carrying capacity of soil.
4. On the basis of soil bearing capacity, there are different types of Foundation.
5. Isolated foundation, Raft foundation, pile foundation & rock anchor foundation.

Slide 11 –

1. Briefly go through the construction procedure & asking them to note down.

Slide 13 –

1. First construction procedure is site cleaning, for the ease of marking & accuracy.

Slide 15 –

1. Before going for drawing carry foundation drawing & CAD layout. Check the CAD layout with
rough site layout.
2. Start marking from boundary. Check the straightness of line by using 3-4-5 rule which is also
called as Masson’s rule.
3. Check marked dimension, by checking diagonal distance.

Slide 16 –

Let’s see how to carryout the marking of square tower.

1. Mark the starting point from boundary. Mark two perpendicular lines, check their straightness
by 3-4-5 Rule. After ensuring mark full dimension.
2. Check marking with diagonal distances.
Slide 17 –

1. Marking of triangular tower

2. Mark starting position from boundary. Start marking & ensure it with 3-4-5 rule.
3. Altitude should be checked for all face.

Slide 19 –

1. Excavation is carried out by JCB. During Excavation width should be ensured at bottom. Last 100
mm to 150 mm is hand excavated.
2. If excavation is carried out in loose soil, the excavation wall should plank, i.e. is called shoring.
3. Excavated soil should be kept 2 to 3 fit away from excavation pit.
4. During the seepage of water, trench the pit, slope at one site, create sump & dewater by using
pump. This method is called garland trench method.

Slide 20 –

1. Excavation should ensure as per civil drawing & CAD layout.

2. Machine excavation should be allowed.
3. Record should be maintained.

Slide 22 –

1. Leveling of excavation pit should be carried out; the depth of excavation pit at all the corner
should be checked.
2. The depth should uniform through out the pit.

Slide 23 –

1. Uniform depth should be ensured by PMC engineer.

Slide 25 -

1. Excess depth of excavation pit is filled with PCC. The PCC means plain cement concrete.
2. The objective of laying PCC is to provide plain surface for marking, make up the excess depth of
pit, and act as mud mat.
3. The Concrete is building material, made up of coarse aggregate & fine aggregate which are
joined together by a gel called as hyderate made up of due to chemical reaction between water
& cement.
4. The ratio used for PCC is M10, That is proportion is 1 : 3 : 6, M10 means M for mix & 10 is
compressive Strength

Slide 26 –

1. The PCC layer should of specific mix & thickness as per drawing.
2. Leveling of PCC should be checked as specification.
Slide 27 –

1. After laying PCC, marking of column is carried out.

2. During column marking, ensure the center to center distance, & cross check it by diagonal
distances.
3. The c/c distances must be as per drawing only. As it leads to error.

Slide 28 –

1. Ensure the actual position of raft & columns.

Slide 29 –

1. Bar bending is the laying of bar as per foundation drawing & bar bending schedule, on PCC layer.
2. Bar bending schedule is the document which gives information regarding bars.
3. Bar having the same area as of plain bar.
4. Bars can be replaced by undersized bars but number will be more.

Slide 30 –

1. First we lay the bottom reinforcement, both ways means crossing each other.
2. The cover block should be placed below the bottom rebar, so as to cover the bars by concrete to
avoid the distortion.
3. The cover block should have uniform shape & strength should be equivalent to PCC.

Slide 31 –

1. Column Stirrups should be placed on the bottom reinforcement, exactly on the column marking.
2. Column rods have L bend to provide anchorage.

Slide 32 –

1. The L bend of column rod should be tie to bottom reinforcement.

Slide 33-

1. Stirrups are made up of plain bar. The purpose stirrups are to keep the column reinforcement in
their position when concrete is poured.
2. First tie top stirrups & then tie the bottom one. the distance should be maintained

Slide 34 –

1. Arrange the chair on the bottom reinforcement. At specified position as per drawing.

Slide 36-

1. To prevent the sagging of top reinforcement bar, chairs are used.

Slide 37 –

1. Ensure that rebar should be of specified make as per purchase order.

2. Position & size of rebar should be as per structural drawing & bar bending schedule.

Slide 38 –

1. Shuttering is mean for frame work. It provides shape to concrete.

2. For shuttering, plywood or steel shuttering can be used.

Slide 39 –

1. Shuttering should straight, it should free from any gap.

2. Shuttering gaps should be filled with cupboard, papers. Because it leads to slurry leakage.

Slide 40 –

1. Shuttering should be properly supported to avoid the deformation & leaks.

Slide 41 –

1. RCC means Reinforcement cement concrete. The mix used for Raft is M20.

Slide 42 –

1. Check the size raft rebars & spacing, size column rebars & numbers as per drawing.
2. Check the c/c distance & diagonal distances, raft width & depth as per drawing.
3. Mixing of concrete should machine mix. If hand mix is used, 10% extra cement should be added.
4. While concreting, vibrator should be used to achieve compaction. Vibrators should not be
vertical or horizontal. Viberator should not be used more than 2 mins.
5. If viberator is not available then use tempering rod.

Slide 43 –

1. Ensure all the machinery used for concreting.

Slide 44 –

1. Some aggregates should immerse on column so as to create the bond.

Slide 45 –

1. After raft concreting, the side shuttering should be removed after 24 hours.
2. Arrange the column shuttering for first lift.
3. Curing should be done for minimum seven days.
4. When water reacts with cement, heat is generated; this reduces the water present in concrete
in the form of steam. This steam is condensed by pouring the water.
5. Pounding is used for curing.
Slide 48 –

1. Check center to center distance & diagonal distances for shuttering before starting first lift.
2. Ensure the sizes of columns as per dimensions. Because in civil work we can not close the errors
after casting.

Slide 49 –

1. After ensuring the sizes of columns, also ensure the verticality of shuttering.

Slide 50 –

1. Side shuttering can be removed after 12 hours of concreting.

2. Aggregate should be immersed in the concrete to create the bond for second lift column
concrete.

Slide 51 –

1. After first lift, we arrange the shuttering for second lift & tie beam.
2. Before this the backfilling is done. With proper compaction.
3. To achieve the compaction, back filing is done in layers

Slide 52 –

1. Tie beam takes 20 % of load.

2. Bar bending arrange for tie beam, the stirrup position in the bar bending should as per drawing.
The center to center distance between stirrups should be ensured.
3. The cover block should be placed bellow bottom reinforcement.

Slide 53 –

1. The shuttering corners should be in straight, should be ensured by water level tube.
2. Check the alignment of column by pulling the thread from one end to other.

Slide 55 –

1. The position of foundation bolts should be as per the hole position on base plate.
2. This position is achieved by template.

Slide 56 –

1. The template is consisting of plate & angles.

2. The template is fixed on the ground, check the center to center distances as per drawing. Then
the dimension is ensured by measuring the diagonal distance both ways.
Slide 57 –

1. All the corner of template should checked by using water level tube otherwise it will leads to
misalignment of foundation bolts.

Slide 58 –

1. The foundation bolts are tied to stirrups, for ensure the alignment of foundation.
2. The link come across the foundation bolts should be lapped with length of 8D to 10 D.
3. If the anchor washer of the bolt overlapping each other then small portion should be cut.

Slide 60 –

1. After template fixing, the level should be checked with water level tube.
2. The all corners should be checked with water level tubes.

Slide 61 –

1. The water level should be checked for all corners with respect to one.

Slide 62 –

1. The top level of all foundation bolts should be at same level.

Slide 64 –

1. Before starting the final concreting following checks should be ensured.

2. Dimension related to tie beam size, column size, and distance between tie beam from column
top.
3. Checks the tie beam rebars size and no of bars at top & bottom as per drawing.
4. The threaded portion of the foundation bolts should be applied by Greece & covered with
polythene cover, while concreting.

Slide 66 –

1. All the dimensions, alignment and leveling of template & foundation bolts must be checked
before final casting.

Slide 67 –

1. Side shuttering can be removed after 24 hours. (Except tie beam bottom shuttering)
2. Template can be removed after 12 hours
3. Tie beam shuttering can be removed after 5 to 7 days.
4. Curing should be done minimum of 14 days. The wet bories can be used for curing.

Slide 68 –

1. Record of concrete must be maintained & signed by PMC engineer.

 2. The photographs should be taken at various construction stages.

Slide 70 –

1. Back filling should be done with proper compaction up to the above ground level to allow
settlement in future.
2. Generally back filling is done in layer, pouring the water compacted it properly.

Slide 71 –

1. Ensure that the back filling should be done in layers, with pouring water at regular intervals for
proper settling of soil.

Slide 73 –

1. If we found hard rock of small depth it can removed, to reach the actual depth.
2. While blasting the rock take, there should not be any electric pole, transformer, house near by.

Slide 74 –

1. If we found hard rock with higher depth, then we have to go for Rock anchor foundation.
2. Rock anchor foundation consists of Leveling of rock surface.
3. Drill the surface for anchor. The number, size and depth of hole should as per drawing.
4. Anchor rods keep in hole & filled it with grouting material.
5. Anchoring rod provides anchorage to raft on rock surface.

Slide 75 –

1. Bar bending should be carried away after marking of column position.

2. Ensure the size, number of rebars for column & raft, as per drawing.
3. Follow the method & checks of raft here too.

Slide 76 –

1. The pile foundation is used where the soil bearing capacity is less.

Slide 77 –

1. Piles should be bored as specified in the drawing.

2. Reinforcement bars being used for pile foundation should be as per drawing and bar bending
schedule.
3. Center to center and diagonal distances between the piles must be as per drawing.

Slide 78 –

1. The soil is not capable to take the load, so we provide the support through piles.
2. Boring should be done as per drawing.
Slide 79 –

1. Filled the bore hole with rebars of specified size.

2. Pile concreting should be done by using M25 mix.
3. The upper side of concrete should be broke as the fine particles of concrete will be settled up
that will not give exact strength as per requirement.
4. Excavate the small amount of proposed site for tower.
5. Follow the procedure for raft construction.