An oil field is a tract of land used for extracting petroleum, otherwise known as crude oil,from

the ground. Although some contest the exact origin of oil, most consider petroleum a fossil fuel
created from dead organic material often found in ancient seabeds thousands of meters below
the surface of the earth.Major oil field in india are as follows:-
A. Mangala oil field Rajasthan
The world class Mangala Oil Field was discovered in the northern Barmer Basin of Rajasthan
state, India in January 2004 . Following the drilling of 6 appraisal wells, 3D seismic acquisition and
major data gathering efforts in 2004 Mangala was confirmed as the largest oil discovery in India
since 1985. Development drilling is planned to commence in 2008. The Mangala structure is one of
a series of simple, tilted fault blocks, bounded to the north and west by intersecting perpendicular
faults with strong dip closure to the south east (F). The depth to the crest of the Mangala structure
at the Fatehgarh reservoir level is about 600mSS. The main reservoir unit in the Mangala Field is
the Fatehgarh Group, consisting of interbedded sands and shales. The Fatehgarh Group has been
subdivided into the Lower Fatehgarh Formation dominated by well-connected sheet flood and
braided channel sands, and the Upper Fatehgarh Formation dominated by sinuous, meandering,
fluvial channel sands. Although the structure of Mangala is relatively simple the seismic imaging is
relatively poor at the crest of the structure due to shallow geological variations

B. BOMBAY HIGH
Bombay High is an offshore oilfield 176 km off the west coast of Mumbai, India, in about 75m of
water. The oil operations are run by India's Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).Bombay High
field was discovered by an Indian oil exploration team operating from the seismic exploration
vessel Academic Arkhangelsky during mapping of the Gulf of Khambhat (earlier Cambay) in 1964-
67, followed by a detailed survey in 1972. The naming of the field is attributed to a team from a
survey run in 1965 analysed in the Rashmi building in Peddar Road, Cumballa Hill, Bombay. The
first offshore well was sunk in 1974. Every oil resource rock requires Structural traps which are
mainly salt dome, coral reefs, fault trap and fold trap. In case of Bombay High, the structure is a
"north-northwest to south-southeast trending doubly plunging Anticline with a faulted east limb",
65 km long and 23 km wide", and is the most probable reason to call it "Bombay High".As of 2004,
it supplied 14% of India's oil requirement and accounted for about 38% of all domestic
production.This is a carbonate reservoir, the main producing zone,L-III,consisting of sedimentary
cycles of lagoonal, algal mound, foraminiferal mound and then coastal marsh, capped by a post-
middle Miocene shale.[2] Bombay High has three blocks separated by east-west trending faults, all
three with different gas-oil contacts but approximately 1355 m deep.

C. DIGBOI OIL FIELD,ASSAM

 The Digboi oilfield is the oldest oilfield of India, and the first well was started in 1889, and
drilling continued until 1959. The Digboi oilfield has been developed in an area of low hills
forming the northeastern end of the Tipam range. The Digboi oilfield is about 13 Km long and 1
km wide [218]. There are 24 productive oil sands extending through a stratigraphical range of
1,200 meters. The Digboi oilfield is an established anticlinal structure,' which is the
northeastemmost culmination of a long uplift, the Jaipur anticline. The oil pools lie on a sharp
anticline immediately south ofthe Naga Thrust, and are mainly to the east of the surface
culmination. The crest runs in a general WSW-ENE direction. The northern flank is steeper, with
dips up to 90°; the southern flank has a variable dip reaching 30°-40° in the eastern part. The Naga
Thrust lies at the northern extremity of the field. A number of wells have been drilled below the
thrust into nearly horizontal beds of the Assam Shelf [217]. The sequence of Tertiary sediments in
the Digboi oilfield consists of Barail, Surma and Tipam Groups overlain by the Namsang Beds and
alluviums.

D. Ravva oil field

The Ravva PKGM-1 is located offshore of the Godavari Delta on the northern side of the KG
Basin, in Andhra Pradesh on the east coast of India. The northwestern margin of the block extends
to the shore. The Krishna-Godavari Basin was formed as a result of the breaking up of the Indian
sub-plate from the other Gondwana plate during the Jurassic to Cretaceous Period. Oil and gas
were discovered from the middle Miocene reservoirs in well R-1 in 1987 and oil production
commenced in 1993. The depositional model of the discovered reservoir sands plays a vital role in
developing the reservoir sands optimally. During the discovery phase of the field, depositional
model inferred from the middle Miocene reservoir was turbidites. During the phase-I field
development, 14 development wells were drilled and added to the immense wealth of Litho-
biostratigraphic, high resolution bore hole image and strati-structural dip data, which has
provided an opportunity to revise the depositional model and sand unit level paleogeography
maps. The revised depositional model and the Paleogeography suggest that the middle Miocene
sands have been deposited in a wave dominated deltaic setup. At the time of deposition, these
sands were influenced by waves and redistributed along the coast in a NE-SW orientation in a
lower to upper shore face setting. The further detailed geological work has provided good insight
to the chronosequence stratigraphy and helped in dividing the main middle Miocene reservoirs in
different chronological reservoir units like sub M20, M20, M30, M33, M34, M32, etc. Since the
sediments were constantly winnowed and reworked, the fine clay particles were removed from
the sand grains and have improved reservoir properties like porosity and permeability. The Ravva
main producing reservoirs comprise porosity in the ranges of 22% – 35%. This multi Darcy
permeable sands with high oil saturation have already produced more than 220 mmbls of oil.

5. ANKLESHWAR OIL FIELD

 Ankleshwar oil field is one of the main onshore Cenozoic hydrocarbons bearing anticline of
deltaic origin known in the Cambay Basin, runs into the Gulf of Cambay in an approximately ENE-
WSW direction. The Field is being operated by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation of India Pvt. Ltd.
(ONGC). Initially, the field was with meagre oil production of 100 cubic meter per day (Sm3 /day),
which rose with the further development and reached *5800 Sm3 /day by April, 1966. Till date, it
has produced *49% of the oil in place reserves under natural aquifer drive and massive peripheral
water flooding for about 50 years. Still, a significant amount of unswept pockets of oil is left in this
reservoir, providing an ample scope for tertiary recovery operation. As of 2011, the field was
producing at an oil rate of 391 Sm3 /day with an average water cut of 88 %, which was found to
be uneconomical to operate (ONGC Pvt. Ltd., personal communication). there are in total 11
producing sands of Ankleshwar formation, but pay sand S3+4 is the largest reservoir unit within
the Middle productive group. The reservoir structure is basically a doubly plunging asymmetric
anticlinal fold of ENE-WSW trend, dissected by seven major faults. Kanwa shale acts as effective
cap rock for this deltaic sequence, indicating a marine transgressive system due to the presence of
planktonic foraminifera (Raina et al. 2010). The Upper Eocene Ardol member exhibit fairly good
reservoir rock characteristics and accounts for about 15 percentages of volume of accumulated
hydrocarbons. The Telwa shale member of late Eocene, devoid of coarser clastics, acts as cap rock
for this sand unit.