List of rivers by length

This is a list of the longest rivers on Earth. It includes river systems over 1,000 kilometres (620 mi).

Contents
Definition of length
List of river systems longer than 1000 km
Notes
River systems that may have existed in the past
Amazon–Congo View of the River Nile, from a cruiseboat,
West Siberian Glacial Lake drainage between Luxor and Aswan in Egypt
Lobourg
See also
Notes and references
External links

Definition of length
There are many factors, such as the source,[1] the identification or the definition of the mouth, and the scale of measurement[2] of the river
length between source and mouth, that determine the precise meaning of "river length". As a result, the length measurements of many rivers are
only approximations (see also coastline paradox). In particular, there exists disagreement as to whether the Nile[3] or the Amazon[4] is the
world's longest river. The Nile has traditionally been considered longer, but in recent years two unpublished studies[5][6] have suggested that the
Amazon is longer by measuring the river plus the adjacent Pará estuary and the longest connecting tidal canal.[7] A peer-reviewed article
published in the International Journal of Digital Earth comes to the conclusion that the Nile is longer.[8]

Even when detailed maps are available, the length measurement is not always clear. A river may have multiple channels, or anabranches. The
length may depend on whether the center or the edge of the river is measured. It may not be clear how to measure the length through a lake.
Seasonal and annual changes may alter both rivers and lakes. Other factors that can change the length of a river include cycles of erosion and
flooding, dams, levees, and channelization. In addition, the length of meanders can change significantly over time due to natural or artificial
cutoffs, when a new channel cuts across a narrow strip of land, bypassing a large river bend. For example, due to 18 cutoffs created between
1766 and 1885, the length of the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois, to New Orleans, Louisiana, was reduced by 218 miles (351 km).[9]

These points make it difficult, if not impossible, to get an accurate measurement of the length of a river. The varying accuracy and precision
also makes it difficult to make length comparisons between different rivers without a degree of uncertainty.

List of river systems longer than 1000 km

One should take the aforementioned discussion into account when using the data in the following table. For most rivers, different sources
provide conflicting information on the length of a river system. The information in different sources is between parentheses.

Continent color key

North South
Africa Asia Australia Europe
America America
 Drainage Average Countries in
Length Length
River area discharge Outflow the drainage
(km) (miles)
(km2) (m3/s) basin

Ethiopia,
Eritrea,
Sudan,
Uganda,
Tanzania,
Nile–White Nile–Kagera–Nyabarongo–Mwogo– Kenya,
6,650 4,130
1. 3,254,555 2,800 Mediterranean Rwanda,
Rukarara[n 1] (7,088) (4,404)
Burundi,
Egypt,
Democratic
Republic of
the Congo,
South Sudan
Brazil, Peru,
Bolivia,
6,575 4,086 Colombia,
2. Amazon–Ucayali–Tambo–Ene–Mantaro[n 1] 7,050,000 209,000 Atlantic Ocean
(6,992) (4,345) Ecuador,
Venezuela,
Guyana
Yangtze 6,300 3,917
3. 1,800,000 31,900 East China Sea China
(Chang Jiang; Long River) (6,418) (3,988)

United States
Mississippi–Missouri–Jefferson–Beaverhead–Red (98.5%),
4. 6,275 3,902 2,980,000 16,200 Gulf of Mexico
Rock–Hell Roaring Canada
(1.5%)
Russia (97%),
5. Yenisei–Angara–Selenge–Ider 5,539 3,445 2,580,000 19,600 Kara Sea Mongolia
(2.9%)
Yellow River
6. 5,464 3,395 745,000 2,110 Bohai Sea China
(Huang He)

Russia,
Kazakhstan,
7. Ob–Irtysh 5,410 3,364 2,990,000 12,800 Gulf of Ob
China,
Mongolia
Brazil
(46.7%),
Argentina
(27.7%),
Paraguay
8. Río de la Plata–Paraná–Rio Grande[11] 4,880 3,030 2,582,672 18,000 Río de la Plata
(13.5%),
Bolivia
(8.3%),
Uruguay
(3.8%)
Democratic
Republic of
the Congo,
Central
African
Republic,
Congo–Chambeshi Angola,
9. 4,700 2,922 3,680,000 41,800 Atlantic Ocean
(Zaïre) Republic of
the Congo,
Tanzania,
Cameroon,
Zambia,
Burundi,
Rwanda
Russia,
Amur–Argun–Kherlen
10. 4,444 2,763 1,855,000 11,400 Sea of Okhotsk China,
(Heilong Jiang)
Mongolia
11. Lena 4,400 2,736 2,490,000 17,100 Laptev Sea Russia
China,
Myanmar,
Mekong Laos,
12. 4,350 2,705 810,000 16,000 South China Sea
(Lancang Jiang) Thailand,
Cambodia,
Vietnam
13. Mackenzie–Slave–Peace–Finlay 4,241 2,637 1,790,000 10,300 Beaufort Sea Canada
14. Niger 4,200 2,611 2,090,000 9,570 Gulf of Guinea Nigeria
(26.6%), Mali
(25.6%),
Niger
(23.6%),
 Algeria
(7.6%),
Guinea
(4.5%),
Cameroon
(4.2%),
Burkina Faso
(3.9%), Côte
d'Ivoire,
Benin, Chad
India (58.0%),
China
(19.7%),
Nepal (9.0%),
Bangladesh
15. Brahmaputra–Tsangpo 3,848 2,391 712,035 19,800[12][13] Ganges (6.6%),
Disputed
India/China
(4.2%),
Bhutan
(2.4%)

16. Murray–Darling–Culgoa–Balonne–Condamine 3,672[14] 2,282 1,061,000 767 Southern Ocean Australia

17. Tocantins–Araguaia 3,650 2,270 950,000 13,598 Atlantic Ocean, Amazon Brazil
18. Volga 3,645 2,266 1,380,000 8,080 Caspian Sea Russia
Pakistan
19. Indus–Sênggê Zangbo 3,610 2,250 960,000 7,160 Arabian Sea (93%), India
and China
Iraq (60.5%),
Turkey
20. Shatt al-Arab–Euphrates–Murat 3,596 2,236 884,000 856 Persian Gulf
(24.8%),
Syria (14.7%)
Brazil, Bolivia,
21. Madeira–Mamoré–Grande–Caine–Rocha 3,380 2,100 1,485,200 31,200 Amazon
Peru
22. Purús 3,211 1,995 63,166 8,400 Amazon Brazil, Peru
United States
(59.8%),
23. Yukon 3,185 1,980[9] 850,000 6,210 Bering Sea
Canada
(40.2%)
3,180* 1,976*
24. São Francisco 610,000 3,300 Atlantic Ocean Brazil
(2,900) (1,802)
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
25. Syr Darya–Naryn 3,078 1,913 219,000 703 Aral Sea
Uzbekistan,
Tajikistan
China
(52.4%),
Salween Myanmar
26. 3,060 1,901 324,000 3,153[15] Andaman Sea
(Nu Jiang) (43.9%),
Thailand
(3.7%)
Canada
Saint Lawrence–Niagara–Detroit–Saint Clair– (52.1%),
27. 3,058 1,900[9] 1,030,000 10,100 Gulf of Saint Lawrence
Saint Marys–Saint Louis–North (Great Lakes) United States
(47.9%)
United States
(52.1%),
28. Rio Grande 3,057 1,900[9] 570,000 82 Gulf of Mexico
Mexico
(47.9%)
29. Lower Tunguska 2,989 1,857 473,000 3,600 Yenisei Russia
30. Danube–Breg (Donau, Dunăre, Duna, Dunav, Dunaj) 2,888* 1,795* 817,000 7,130 Black Sea Romania
(28.9%),
Hungary
(11.7%),
Austria
(10.3%),
Serbia
(10.3%),
Germany
(7.5%),
Slovakia
(5.8%),
Bulgaria
(5.2%),
Croatia
(4.5%),
 Ukraine
(3.8%)
Irrawaddy River–N'Mai River–Dulong River– China,
31. 2,727* 1,694* 404,200* 13,000* Andaman Sea
Kelaoluo–Gada Qu Myanmar
Zambia
(41.6%),
Angola
(18.4%),
Zimbabwe
(15.6%),
Zambezi Mozambique
32. 2,693* 1,673* 1,330,000 4,880 Mozambique Channel
(Zambesi) (11.8%),
Malawi
(8.0%),
Tanzania
(2.0%),
Namibia,
Botswana
33. Vilyuy 2,650 1,647 454,000 1,480 Lena Russia
34. Araguaia 2,627 1,632 358,125 5,510 Tocantins Brazil
India,
35. Ganges–Hooghly–Padma (Ganga) 2,620[16] 1,628 907,000 12,037[17] Bay of Bengal Bangladesh,
Nepal
Uzbekistan,
Turkmenistan,
36. Amu Darya–Panj 2,620 1,628 534,739 1,400 Aral Sea
Tajikistan,
Afghanistan
Brazil,
37. Japurá (Rio Yapurá) 2,615* 1,625* 242,259 6,000 Amazon
Colombia
Canada,
38. Nelson–Saskatchewan 2,570 1,597 1,093,000 2,575 Hudson Bay
United States
Brazil,
Paraguay,
39. Paraguay (Rio Paraguay) 2,549 1,584 900,000 4,300 Paraná
Bolivia,
Argentina
40. Kolyma 2,513 1,562 644,000 3,800 East Siberian Sea Russia
Paraguay,
41. Pilcomayo 2,500 1,553 270,000 Paraguay Argentina,
Bolivia
42. Upper Ob–Katun 2,490 1,547 Ob Russia
Kazakhstan,
43. Ishim 2,450 1,522 177,000 56 Irtysh
Russia
44. Juruá 2,410 1,498 200,000 6,000 Amazon Peru, Brazil
Russia,
45. Ural 2,428 1,509 237,000 475 Caspian Sea
Kazakhstan
505,000
46. Arkansas 2,348 1,459 1,066 Mississippi United States
(435,122)

United States,
47. Colorado (western U.S.) 2,333 1,450 390,000 1,200 Gulf of California
Mexico
48. Olenyok 2,292 1,424 219,000 1,210 Laptev Sea Russia
Russia,
49. Dnieper 2,287 1,421 516,300 1,670 Black Sea Belarus,
Ukraine
50. Aldan 2,273 1,412 729,000 5,060 Lena Russia
Democratic
Republic of
the Congo,
Central
51. Ubangi–Uele[18] 2,270 1,410 772,800 4,000 Congo
African
Republic,
Republic of
Congo
Brazil,
52. Negro 2,250 1,398 720,114 26,700 Amazon Venezuela,
Colombia
2,250 1,398 United States,
53. Columbia 415,211 7,500 Pacific Ocean
(1,953) (1,214) Canada
54. Pearl–Zhu Jiang 2,200 1,376 437,000 13,600 South China Sea China
(98.5%),
 Vietnam
(1.5%)
55. Red (USA) 2,188 1,360 78,592 875 Mississippi United States
Ayeyarwady Myanmar,
56. 2,170 1,348 411,000 13,000 Andaman Sea
(Irrawaddy) China
Angola,
Democratic
57. Kasai 2,153 1,338 880,200 10,000 Congo
Republic of
the Congo
58. Ohio–Allegheny 2,102 1,306 490,603 7,957 Mississippi United States
Venezuela,
59. Orinoco 2,101 1,306 1,380,000 33,000 Atlantic Ocean Colombia,
Guyana
60. Tarim 2,100 1,305 557,000 Lop Nur China
61. Xingu 2,100 1,305 Amazon Brazil
South Africa,
Namibia,
62. Orange 2,092 1,300 Atlantic Ocean
Botswana,
Lesotho
63. Northern Salado 2,010 1,249 Paraná Argentina
64. Vitim 1,978 1,229 Lena Russia
Turkey, Iraq,
65. Tigris 1,950 1,212 Shatt al-Arab
Syria
66. Songhua 1,927 1,197 Amur China
67. Tapajós 1,900 1,181 Amazon Brazil
Russia,
68. Don 1,870 1,162 425,600 935 Sea of Azov
Ukraine
69. Stony Tunguska 1,865 1,159 240,000 Yenisei Russia
70. Pechora 1,809 1,124 322,000 4,100 Barents Sea Russia
71. Kama 1,805 1,122 507,000 4,100 Volga Russia
Mozambique,
Zimbabwe,
72. Limpopo 1,800 1,118 413,000 Indian Ocean
South Africa,
Botswana
73. Chulym 1,799 1,118 134,000 Ob Russia
74. Guaporé (Itenez) 1,749 1,087 Mamoré Brazil, Bolivia
75. Indigirka 1,726 1,072 360,400 1,810 East Siberian Sea Russia
76. Snake 1,670 1,038 279,719 1,611 Columbia United States
Guinea,
Senegal,
77. Senegal 1,641 1,020 419,659 Atlantic Ocean
Mali,
Mauritania
Uruguay,
78. Uruguay 1,610 1,000 370,000 Atlantic Ocean Argentina,
Brazil
Ethiopia,
79. Blue Nile 1,600 994 326,400 Nile
Sudan
79. Churchill 1,600 994 Hudson Bay Canada
79. Khatanga 1,600 994 Laptev Sea Russia
Namibia,
79. Okavango 1,600 994 Okavango Delta Angola,
Botswana
Ghana,
Burkina Faso,
79. Volta 1,600 994 Gulf of Guinea
Togo, Côte
d'Ivoire, Benin
80. Beni 1,599 994 283,350 8,900 Madeira Bolivia
81. Platte 1,594 990 Missouri United States
Kazakhstan,
82. Tobol 1,591 989 Irtysh
Russia
83. Alazeya 1,590 988 64,700 East Siberian Sea Russia
Ethiopia,
84. Jubba–Shebelle 1,580* 982* Indian Ocean
Somalia
85. Içá (Putumayo) 1,575 979 Amazon Brazil, Peru,
Colombia,
Ecuador
86. Magdalena 1,550 963 263,858 9,000 Caribbean Colombia
87. Han 1,532 952 Yangtze China
Turkey,
88. Kura/Mt'k'vari 1,515 941 188,400 575 Caspian Sea Georgia,
Azerbaijan
89. Oka 1,500 932 245,000 1,258 Volga Russia

90. Upper Murray 1,500[19] 932 Lower Murray Australia

91. Guaviare 1,497 930 Orinoco Colombia

92. Pecos 1,490 926 Rio Grande United States
1,485
93. Murrumbidgee River [20] 923 84,917 120 Murray River Australia

Russia,
94. Upper Yenisei–Little Yenisei (Kaa-Hem) 1,480 920 Yenisei
Mongolia
95. Godavari 1,465 910 312,812 3,061 Bay of Bengal India
96. Colorado (Texas) 1,438 894 Gulf of Mexico United States
97. Río Grande (Guapay) 1,438 894 102,600 264 Ichilo Bolivia
98. Belaya 1,420 882 142,000 858 Kama Russia
98. Cooper–Barcoo 1,420 880 Lake Eyre Australia
99. Marañón 1,415 879 Amazon Peru
1,411 877 Ukraine,
100. Dniester 72,100 310 Black Sea
(1,352) (840) Moldova
Cameroon,
101. Benue 1,400 870 Niger
Nigeria
China,
101. Ili (Yili) 1,400 870 Lake Balkhash
Kazakhstan
101. Warburton–Georgina 1,400 870 365,000 Lake Eyre Australia
China, India,
102. Sutlej 1,372 852 Chenab
Pakistan
103. Yamuna 1,370 851 366,223 2,950 Ganges India
103. Vyatka 1,370 851 129,000 890 Kama Russia
Canada,
104. Fraser 1,368 850 220,000 3,475 Pacific Ocean United
States[21]
105. Grande 1,360 845 Paraná Brazil
106. Brazos 1,352 840 Gulf of Mexico United States
107. Liao 1,345 836 Bohai Sea China
1,338
108. Lachlan River [20] 831 84,700 49 Murrumbidgee River Australia

109. Yalong 1,323 822 Yangtze China

Brazil,
110. Iguaçu 1,320 820 Paraná
Argentina
110. Olyokma 1,320 820 Lena Russia
111. Northern Dvina–Sukhona 1,302 809 357,052 3,332 White Sea Russia
112. Krishna 1,300 808 Bay of Bengal India
112. Iriri 1,300 808 Xingu Brazil
113. Narmada 1,289 801 Arabian Sea India
Democratic
114. Lomami[22] 1,280 795 Congo Republic of
the Congo
115. Ottawa 1,271 790 146,300 1,950 Saint Lawrence Canada
116. Lerma–Rio Grande de Santiago 1,270 789 119,543 Pacific Ocean Mexico
Germany,
117. Elbe–Vltava 1,252 778 148,268 711 North Sea Czech
Republic
118. Zeya 1,242 772 Amur Russia
119. Juruena 1,240 771 Tapajós Brazil
120. Upper Mississippi 1,236 768 Mississippi United States
Germany
(57.3%),
Switzerland
(15.1%),
Netherlands
(12.3%),
France
185,000 (12.2%),
130. Rhine 1,233 768 [23] 2,330 North Sea Luxembourg
(1.4%),
Austria
(1.3%),
Belgium
(0.4%),
Liechtenstein
(0.1%), Italy
(0.03%)
131. Athabasca 1,231 765 95,300 Mackenzie Canada
132. Canadian 1,223 760 Arkansas United States
133. North Saskatchewan 1,220 758 Saskatchewan Canada
Poland,
134. Vistula–Bug 1,213 754 194,424 1,080 Baltic Sea Belarus,
Ukraine
135. Vaal 1,210 752 Orange South Africa
Mozambique,
136. Shire 1,200 746 Zambezi
Malawi
Gabon,
136. Ogooué (or Ogowe) 1,200 746 223,856 4,706 Atlantic Ocean Republic of
the Congo
Nen
138. 1,190 739 Songhua China
(Nonni)

139. Kızıl River 1,182 734 115,000 400 Black Sea Turkey
139. Markha River 1,181 734 99,000 405 Vilyuy River Russia
140. Green 1,175 730 Colorado (western U.S.) United States

United States,
141. Milk 1,173 729 Missouri Canada

142. Mun - Chi 1,162 722 Mekong River Thailand

143. Chindwin 1,158 720 Ayeyarwady Myanmar
Democratic
144. Sankuru 1,150 715 Kasai Republic of
the Congo
144. Wu 1,150 715 80,300 1,108 Yangtze China
China,
145. Red (Asia) 1,149 714 143,700 2,640 Gulf of Tonkin
Vietnam
146. James (Dakotas) 1,143 710 Missouri United States
146. Kapuas 1,143 710 South China Sea Indonesia
Russia,
148. Desna 1,130 702 88,900 360 Dnieper Belarus,
Ukraine
Afghanistan,
148. Helmand 1,130 702 Hamun-i-Helmand
Iran
148. Madre de Dios 1,130 702 125,000 4,915 Beni Peru, Bolivia
148. Tietê 1,130 702 Paraná Brazil
148. Vychegda 1,130 702 121,000 1160 Northern Dvina Russia
Papua New
153. Sepik 1,126 700 77,700 Pacific Ocean Guinea,
Indonesia
154. Cimarron 1,123 698 Arkansas United States
155. Anadyr 1,120 696 Gulf of Anadyr Russia
155. Paraíba do Sul 1,120 696 Atlantic Ocean Brazil
157. Jialing River 1,119 695 Yangtze China
158. Liard 1,115 693 Mackenzie Canada
159. Cumberland 1,105 687 46,830 862 Mississippi United States

160. White 1,162 722[24] Mississippi United States

161. Huallaga 1,100 684 Marañón Peru

Angola,
Democratic
161. Kwango 1,100 684 263,500 2,700 Kasai
Republic of
the Congo
161. Draa 1,100 684 Atlantic Ocean Morocco
The Gambia,
164. Gambia 1,094 680 Atlantic Ocean Senegal,
Guinea
165. Tyung 1,092 679 49,800 Vilyuy River Russia
India,
165. Chenab 1,086 675 Indus
Pakistan
166. Yellowstone 1,080 671 114,260 Missouri United States
India, Nepal,
166. Ghaghara 1,080 671 127,950 2,990 Ganges
China
168. Huai River 1,078 670 270,000 1,110 Yangtze China
Turkey,
Armenia,
169. Aras 1,072 665 102,000 285 Kura
Azerbaijan,
Iran
Kyrgyzstan,
170. Chu River 1,067 663 62,500 none
Kazakhstan
1,078 670 Russia,
171. Seversky Donets 98,900 159 Don
(1,053) (654) Ukraine
Argentina,
172. Bermejo 1,050 652 Paraguay
Bolivia
Papua New
172. Fly 1,050 652 Gulf of Papua Guinea,
Indonesia
172. Kuskokwim 1,050 652 Bering Sea United States
175. Tennessee 1,049 652 Ohio United States
Poland,
Germany,
176. Oder–Warta 1,045 649 118,861 550 Baltic Sea
Czech
Republic
Democratic
177. Aruwimi[22] 1,030 640 Congo Republic of
the Congo
Latvia,
178. Daugava 1,020 634 87,900 678 Gulf of Riga Belarus,
Russia
179. Gila 1,015 631 Colorado (western U.S.) United States
180. Loire 1,012 629 115,271 840 Atlantic Ocean France
181. Essequibo 1,010 628 Atlantic Ocean Guyana
181. Khoper 1,010 628 61,100 150 Don Russia
Tagus Spain,
183. 1,006 625 80,100 444 Atlantic Ocean
(Tajo/Tejo) Portugal
1,004
184. Flinders River [20] 624 109,000 122 Gulf of Carpentaria Australia

Notes
When the length of a river is followed by an asterisk, it is an average of multiple information sources. If the difference in lengths
between given information sources is significant, all lengths are listed. But if the lengths from secondary information sources
are similar, they are averaged and that figure has an asterisk.
Scientists debate whether the Amazon or the Nile is the longest river in the world. Traditionally, the Nile is considered longer,
but recent information suggests that the Amazon may be longer. Differences in the recorded length of the Amazon mainly
depend on whether the course south of the Ilha de Marajó at the Amazon's mouth is to be treated as part of the Amazon, or as
part of the separate Tocantins River. New evidence (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6759291.stm), (dated 16 June
2007) obtained from a high-altitude scientific venture in the Andes, claims that "the Amazon is longer than the Nile by 100 km,
with its longest headwater being the Carhuasanta stream originating in the south of Peru on the Nevado Mismi mountain's
 northern slopes and flowing into the Río Apurímac".[25] However, the origin of the river at Nevado Mismi had already been
known more than one decade earlier (see Jacek Palkiewicz (http://www.palkiewicz.com/ekspedycje/index.php?
p=zrodl_amaz)), and satellite based measuring from this origin to the Amazon mouth has resulted in not more than 6,400 km.
Generally, the most commonly used/anglicised name of the river is used. The name in a native language or alternate spelling
may be shown.

The Mississippi River just north of St. Saint Lawrence River along the New York-
Louis. Quebec border.

River systems that may have existed in the past

Amazon–Congo

The Amazon basin formerly drained westwards into the Pacific Ocean, until the Andes rose and reversed the drainage.[26]

The Congo basin is completely surrounded by high land, except for its long narrow exit valley past Kinshasa, including waterfalls around
Manyanga. That gives the impression that most of the Congo basin was formerly on a much higher land level and that it was rejuvenated by
much of its lower course being removed. Before Africa split from South America when Gondwanaland broke up due to continental drift, the
Congo would likely have flowed into the Amazon.

West Siberian Glacial Lake drainage

This river would have been about 10,000 km (6,200 mi) long, in the last Ice Age. Its longest headwater was the Selenga river of Mongolia: it
drained through ice-dammed lakes and the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea.

Lobourg

During the last glacial maximum, much of what is now the southern part of the North Sea was land, known to archaeologists as Doggerland. At
this time, the Thames, the Meuse, the Scheldt, and the Rhine probably joined before flowing into the sea, in a system known by
palaeogeographers as the Loubourg or Lobourg River System.[27] There is some debate as to whether this river would have flowed southwest
into what is now the English Channel, or flowed north, emerging into the North Sea close to modern Yorkshire. If the latter hypothesis is true,
the Rhine would have attained a length of close to 1,650 kilometres (1,030 mi). The former hypothesis would have produced a shorter river,
some 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) in length. Current scientific research favours the former opinion, with the Thames and Rhine meeting in a large
lake, the outflow of which was close to the present-day Straits of Dover.[28]

See also
Shortest river
List of drainage basins by area
List of rivers by discharge

Notes and references

Notes

1. The Nile is usually said to be the longest river in the world, with a length of about 6,650 km,[3] and the Amazon the second
longest, with a length of at least 6,400 km.[4] In recent decades debate has intensified over the true source and the placement
of the mouth, and therefore the length, of the Amazon River.[5][10] Brazilian and Peruvian Studies in 2007 and 2008 added the
waterway from the Amazon's southern outlet through tidal canals and the Pará estuary of the Tocantins and then concluded
that the Amazon has a length of 6,992 km and was longer than the Nile, whose length was calculated as 6,853 km.[6] A peer-
reviewed article, published in 2009, states a length of 7,088 km for the Nile and 6,575 km for the Amazon, measured by using
a combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions.[8] Therefore, as of 2018 the length of
both rivers remains open to interpretation and continued debate.[4][7] Note that the disputed values have been put in
parentheses.

References
 1. "Where Does the Amazon River Begin?" (https://news.natio
nalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-len
gth-source-maps-science/). National Geographic News.
2014-02-15. Retrieved 2018-12-25.
2. for more on this, see coastline paradox
3. "Nile River" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/415
347/Nile-River). Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Retrieved
3 August 2010.
4. "Amazon River" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topi
c/18722/Amazon-River). Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010.
Retrieved 3 August 2010.
5. "Amazon river 'longer than Nile' " (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
6759291.stm). BBC News. 16 June 2007. Retrieved
3 August 2010.
6. "Studies from INPE indicate that the Amazon River is 140km
longer than the Nile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110411
011122/http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php).
Brazilian National Institute for Space Research. Archived
from the original (http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest
29.php) on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
7. "How Long Is the Amazon River?" (https://www.britannica.co
m/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river). Encyclopedia
Britannica. Retrieved 2018-12-24.
8. Liu, Shaochuang; Lu, P; Liu, D; Jin, P; Wang, W (2009-03-
01). "Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of
the principal rivers of the world" (https://www.researchgate.n
et/publication/220473241_Pinpointing_the_sources_and_m
easuring_the_lengths_of_the_principal_rivers_of_the_worl
d). Int. J. Digital Earth. 2: 80–87.
doi:10.1080/17538940902746082 (https://doi.org/10.1080%
2F17538940902746082).
9. J.C. Kammerer (1 September 2005). "Largest Rivers in the
United States" (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/). US
Geological Survey. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
10. Roach, John. "Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists
Say" (http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/07
0619-amazon-river.html). National Geographic. Retrieved
4 March 2015.
11. "Río de la Plata" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topi
c/463804/Rio-de-la-Plata). Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 11 August 2010.
12. "Scientists pinpoint sources of four major international
rivers" (http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-0
8/22/c_131067137.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 22 August
2011. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
13. "Brahmaputra River" (https://www.britannica.com/place/Brah
maputra-River). Encyclopædia Britannica.
14. "Longest Rivers" (http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geog
raphic-information/landforms/longest-rivers). Geoscience
Australia. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
15. Syvitski, James P. M., Vörösmarty, Charles J., Kettner,
Albert J., Green, Pamela. "Impact of Humans on the Flux of
Terrestrial Sediment to the Global Coastal Ocean" (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20060919054444/http://instaar.colorado.
edu/deltaforce/papers/global_sediment_flux.html). Archived
from the original (http://instaar.colorado.edu/deltaforce/pape
rs/global_sediment_flux.html) on 2006-09-19. Retrieved
2006-02-27.
External links
Principal Rivers of the World (http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0001779.html)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_rivers_by_length&oldid=946815994"
This page was last edited on 22 March 2020, at 16:18 (UTC).
16. Parua, Pranab Kumar (3 January 2010). The Ganga: water
use in the Indian subcontinent (https://books.google.com/bo
oks?id=yUc7Cus2a-MC&pg=PA272). Springer. p. 272.
ISBN 978-90-481-3102-0. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
17. Ganges–Farakka (http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygon
s/P2846800.html)
18. Bossche, J.P. vanden; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). Source
Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1
(https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=P
A338). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations. p. 338. ISBN 978-92-5-102983-1.
19. "Longest Rivers" (https://www.mdba.gov.au/discover-basin/c
atchments/lower-murray). Murray Darling Basin Authority.
Retrieved 4 February 2019.
20. Longest Rivers (http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/nation
al-location-information/landforms/longest-rivers#heading-1)
at Geoscience Australia
21. "The Chilliwack River Valley: An Outdoor Enthusiast's
Paradise" (https://www.campingrvbc.com/blog/the-chilliwack
-river-valley-an-outdoor-enthusiasts-paradise/). Camping &
RVing BC. Camping and RVing British Columbia Coalition.
10 October 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
60311125716/https://www.campingrvbc.com/blog/the-chilliw
ack-river-valley-an-outdoor-enthusiasts-paradise/) from the
original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
22. Bossche, J.P. vanden; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). Source
Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1
(https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=P
A333). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations. p. 333. ISBN 978-92-5-102983-1.
23. If the Meuse is considered a tributary, the Rhine basin is
218,300 km2.
24. Rogers, Aaron W. "White River - Encyclopedia of Arkansas"
(http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-
detail.aspx?entryID=2310).
www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net. Retrieved 27 October
2018.
25. Daily Telegraph, Monday 18 June 2007, page 18
26. "Amazon river flowed into the Pacific millions of years ago"
(https://news.mongabay.com/2006/10/amazon-river-flowed-i
nto-the-pacific-millions-of-years-ago/). mongabay.com.
Retrieved 2017-12-11.
27. Vaikmäe, R., Edmunds, W. M., and Manzano, M., (2001)
"Weichselian palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment in
Europe: Background for palaeogroundwater formation (http
s://books.google.co.nz/books?id=JSVOcfCVQVYC&pg=PA1
77&lpg=PA177&dq=Lobourg+river+system&source=bl&ots=
tjObpBHs9N&sig=T8vwW4NbDFMJOl5RaicfwZKybuA&hl=e
n&sa=X&ved=0CDsQ6AEwCWoVChMIpf6j_rWIyQIVQRqm
Ch2vWARn#v=onepage&q=Lobourg%20river%20system&f
=false)", in "Palaeowaters in Coastal Europe: Evolution of
Groundwater Since the Late Pleistocene" (W. M. Edmunds
and C. J. Milne (eds)). London:The Geological Society. p.
177
28. Bridgland, D. R., and D'Olier, B. (1995) "The Pleistocene
evolution of the Thames and Rhine drainage systems in the
southern North Sea Basin (abstract) (http://sp.lyellcollection.
org/content/96/1/27.abstract)", Geological Society, London,
Special Publications, v. 96, p. 27–45, in Lyell Collection.
Retrieved 12 November 2015.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and
Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.