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METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
using suitable method, the research activity will get a good result. In this chapter,
the writer explains the research methods that were used. The writer presents
research design, object of the research, population and sample, variable and
hypothesis, type of data, instrument for collecting data, and data analysis.
A. Research Design
also attempts to describe the conditions have occuring“. This research describes
the current conditions that will be expressed through variables. According to Gay
(in Abidin, 2010) the purpose of correlational research is to detect the extent
which variations in a factor relate variations in one or more factors based on the
correlation coefficient. Factors from one variable will bring up variations related
characteristics for someone want to use it. The three characteristics as follows :
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setting. The results of a variable are found in real, not in social media or
others.
3. Lets the researcher get a significant association degrees. After the two
this case, the writer use correlation method to know “ the correlation between
The subject of the research was to reveal the correlation between students‟
reading ability and writing ability of the tenth graders students of MA Bidayatul
vary together.
The population taken in this research was all of the tenth grade students of
second year were about 265 students in 5 different classes. The sample taken was
10% from the population because if the population is more than 100 the
researcher should take the sample between 10% -15% or 20% -25% or more
(Arikunto 2006:71). The writer applied random sampling technique in taking the
D. Research Instrument
involves writing as the dependent variable, the researcher uses test to obtain the
Before the researcher uses the instrument to the students, the instrument
must be valid. The researcher should be making sure that the test is valid. Latief
(2013 : 174) says that it is validated to related experts and revised accordingly to
get quality assurance. Grounlund in Latief (2013 : 226) states that content validity
is the process of determining the extent to which a set of test tasks provides a
The content validity of the instrument measured to relating the content of the
An instrument can be said as the valid one if it can show the data from the
2. Reliability of Test
at all, a test must first be reliable as a measuring instrument (Heaton 1979: 155).
Reliability of the test shows whether the instrument is reliable and can be used as
device to collect the data. Reliability means the stability of test scores when the
test is used. A test is reliable to the extent that it measures consistently, from one
time to another. In this research, the writer tried to find out the reliability after
computing the validity of the instrument. To measure the reliability of the test, the
k M ( k −M )
r11=[ k −1 ][1− kVt
]
In which:
a. Reading Test
The total number of the questions is 30 items, and the form of reading test
Mojogeneng.
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Reference 11
Main Idea 12
b. Writing Test
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To do the test, the students were asked among the five topics and write it
into three paragraphs (± 250 words) by the topics based on the generic structure of
descriptive text, for example when student choose to describe about people they
Before the test was given to the sample class, the test will be given to the
try out class to know the validity of the test. The material of the test was about
reading comprehension. After that, the writer analyzed to collect the data about
To know each students’ score individually, the data calculated by using the
following formula:
X
M= x 100
N
M = Individual score
E. Data Collection
In this research, the researcher took the data which would be collected
from the result of reading ability and writing ability of Descriptive text. There is
one test to collect the data, it is pre-test, it is post-test. For the test that will be
given for objectif test and subjectif test are same test and the researcher compared
the results.
Hidayah Mojogeneng Jatirejo Mojokerto. There are one classes and total
population is about 45 students. In this case, the researcher only took one class as
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the population and sample of class. There are about 45 students of the first grade.
She tooks 45 students from the class as the sample of the research.
students’ test result based on the four writing components. They were
C+O+V + M
Total Score = x 100
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1 - 10 Unacceptable
Adopted from Brown (2010)
In this research, there are two techniques are utilized to obtain the data.
1. Test
and other tools used to measure the skills, knowledge, intelligence, ability or
2. Documentation
printed materials. The researcher has applied this method to collect the data about
the profile of school, the student's profile, and the syllabus. Those data have
G. Data Analysis
and it is analyed by statistic. The data are obtained by analyzing the positive
correlation between reading ability and writing ability. In this research, the writer
2006:175). They are up rank (good), middle rank (enough), and bottom
a. M x + 1 SD x
M x – 1 SD x
Notes:
b. M y + 1 SD y
M y – 1 SD y
Notes:
This technique used to analyze the reading ability and writing ability of
Jatirejo Mojokerto. These techniques classify the students into three criteria.
N ∑ XY − ( ∑ X ) (∑Y )
rxy= 2 2 2 2
√{N ∑ X −(∑ X) { N ∑Y −(∑Y ) }
In which:
ΣXY : the result of multiplying scores between reading ability and writing
formula
standard 5% and 1%
The above formula is very important because finding out whether the