Name of Student: ANDADI, LEALINE J.

Section: BSCE-2A

Assignment #1
Introduction to Surveying

1. What types of surveying to be employed when trying to plot the map of the Philippine
Archipelago?
Why do you think these types of surveying should be employed here?
 Topographic Survey – it can be used to locate where on map is the Philippines located.
 Hydrographic Survey – it can be used to determine M.S.L. (Mean Sea Level), water
spread area, depth of water bodies, velocity of flow in streams, cross-section area of
flow etc. on the Philippine archipelago.
 Astronomical Survey – it can be used to determine the exact location of the philippine
archipelago outside the earth.
 Aerial Survey – it can be used to capture the Philippine archipelago from above.
2. What surveying technique shall be used in cadastral surveying? Why?
 Traverse - The traverse marks shall be used as the basis for positioning the corners and
boundaries of the land under survey and at least 2 of those marks shall be permanent
traverse marks to be placed preferably on road sides for use in future surveys within the
locality.
3. What is the difference between a theodolite and a total station?
 Theodolites are instruments designed for use in measuring horizontal and vertical
angles and for establishing linear and curved alignments in the field. A theodolite has a
telescope between the horizontal and vertical axes. However, the axes angle can be
calculated accurately only if the operator knows enough of trigonometry. On the other
hand, most of the total stations are equipped with software for site calibration,
coordinate geometry calculations and other features for maximized productivity while
Total station is this instrument combines electronic distance measurement (EDM) and It
can measure distance, angles elevations with a high level of precision. The data
collected by a total station can be transferred through a USB port into the computer
where it can be viewed and analysed easily.
4. Describe how a very precise measurement can be inaccurate.
- Precision and accuracy are two ways that scientists think about error. Accuracy refers to
how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value. Precision refers to how close
measurements of the same item are to each other. Precision is independent of accuracy.
That means it is possible to be very precise but not very accurate, and it is also possible
to be accurate without being precise. The best quality scientific observations are both
accurate and precise.
5. Describe the term error. How does this term differ from mistake?
 Errors is the difference between a measured, or observed, value and the “true” value.
Measurements are never exact and there will always be a degree of variance regardless
of the survey instrument or method used. Even when carefully following established
surveying procedures , observations may still contain errors while mistakes is an
inattention, inexperience, carelessness and poor judgment or confusion in the mind of
the observer. They do not follow mathematical rule and may be large or small, positive
or negative.