Rock Testing

INTRODUCTION

Contents
According to the “Committee on Rock Mechanics,
National Academy of Sciences”, rock mechanics is
a theoretical and applied science concerning the
physical behaviour of rocks subjected to stress
conditions of different origin. In general terms,
rock mechanics involves the study of underground 45
works such as tunnels, and surface construction Rock mechanics
Rock sampling and sample preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
such as open quarries or dam foundations. Strength and deformability tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Automatic tests systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Elastic modulus and strength characteristics
When a rock sample is subjected to defined of rock specimens in uniaxial and triaxial conditions . . . . . 173
stress conditions in the laboratory, the stress- Hoek cells for triaxial tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Semi-automatic test systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
strain diagram can show behaviours of non Classification tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
linearity also for very small strains, hysteresis, Splitting tensile test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Slake durability index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
anisotropy, fluage conditions, etc. All these phe- Permeability of rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
nomena can be mathematically described. Behaviour of joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Measurement of shear strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Roughness measurement. Profilometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Tilt test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Strength index (point load) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Rock classification hammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Testing equipment for the construction industry 167

45 Rock sampling/ Sample preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROCK TESTING

Rock picks/ Core Trimmer

 Rock picks  Core trimmer and cut-off machine Accessories for 45-D0536
core trimmer and cut-off machine
Used for preliminary rock M 45-D0536
identification. Laboratory core trimmer and s45-D0536/1
Cooling recirculating pump complete
cut-off machine, complete with with reservoir. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
M 45-D1710
water inlet. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
Rock pick pointed tip s45-D0536/1Z
Fully polished, leather grip. Same as above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph.
M 45-D0536/Z
Same as above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph. s45-D0536/1Y
A Weight approx.: 650 g Same as above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph.
M 45-D0536/Y s45-D0536/2
M 45-D1711 Same as above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph. Diamond cutting blade. 230 mm dia.
x 2.5 mm thickness. Maximum cutting
Rock pick chisel edge area 110x70 mm
Fully polished, nylon vinyl grip. q STANDARD
ASTM D4543 s45-D0536/3
Double-faced diamond cup wheel. 205
A Weight approx.: 550 g mm dia. x 16 mm thickness. Used for
General description and specifications finishing sample ends parallel and at
M 45-D0529 right angles to the axis
Used to obtain rock samples perfectly
Mohs hardness scale set
machined (cubes, prisms, etc.) from irre- s45-D0536/4
Clamping device for irregular pieces
gular rock or core pieces. It is supplied max. dim. 57x104x102 mm (length) and
complete with a proper vice to hold irre- core from 15 to 60 mm dia.
gular pieces firmly in place up to 70x140
mm approx. Another “V” vice is used to cut
cores to a maximum size 75 mm dia. x 140
mm height. Longer cores can be obtained
by turning the samples upside down in the
45-D1710, 45-D1711 vice. It is supplied complete with cooling
water inlet. Blade cup wheel and water
pump must be ordered separately.

Power: 1100 W
Speed of the blade: 3000 r.p.m.
B Dimensions: 730x1050x590 mm

45-D0529 A Weight approx.: 100 kg Detail of 45-D0536 with double-faced cup

wheel 45-D0536/3 during surface grinding of
cylindrical specimens ends
- Usable for both
trimming and surfa-
ce grinding
- Usable to obtain
cube specimens from
irregular pieces
- Transparent protec-
tion cover confor-
ming to CE directive

Detail of 45-D0536 with cutting blade

45-D0536/2 during operation

45-D0536/3,
45-D0536 with 45-D0536/4 D0536/2

168 Testing equipment for the construction industry

ROCK TESTING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rock sampling/ Sample preparation
 Cutting saws
M 45-C0210/C
Rock and masonry saw.
380 V, 50 Hz, 3 ph.
M 45-C0210/CZ
Same as above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 3 ph.
General description and specifications
This rock and masonry saw has been spe-
cially developed to cut rock or core sam-
ples. The machine is supplied complete
with a special clamp to allow irregular
specimens to be held firmly in place during
the cutting operation. The machine can
accept blades up to 450 mm dia. Supplied
complete with base frame, water pump and
“V” shaped cylinder clamp. The blade must
be ordered separately (see accessories).
Cutting depth (mm): 115 mm with 350 mm
dia. cutting blade and 165 mm dia. with
450 mm dia cutting blade.
Power: 2250 W
B Dimensions:
with base 1200x800x1400 mm
A Weight approx.: 125 kg
Accessories
s45-C0211/4
Diamond blade 350 mm dia. for rock
specimens
s45-D1717
Clear safety goggles
45-C0210/C with 45-C0211/4
45
Cutting saws/ Coring machines
 Coring machines and bits Models of core drill bits
M 45-C0330 sCode D.C.D.M.A. Ø specimen
mm inches
Laboratory coring machine,
2-speed, complete with water inlet. 45-C0343 AX 30.10 1.185
45-C0344 1.5 in. 38.10 1.500
230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph. 45-C0345 BX 42.04 1.655
45-C0346 NX 54.74 2.155
M 45-C0330/Z
Same as above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph.
General description and specifications
This machine is specifically used in the
laboratory for cutting core samples from
hard material such as rock and concrete.
A clamp is provided to firmly secure the
material during the cutting cycle. A special
tool is also available (see accessories) to
prepare rock samples from core pieces.
Drile bits not included. See accessories.
Power unit: 1800 W
Coring speed: 1485/2720 r.p.m.
Coring range: dia. 8 – 60 mm
B Dimensions of the base tray assembly:
450x450x300 mm approx.
A Weight approx.: 80 kg
45-C0331
Accessories
s45-C0331
Clamping device for cores max. dia.
100 mm complete with transparent
protection
s45-C0343 to 45-C0346
Drill bits and spigot adaptors
45-C0330 with
45-C0330 with core core bit taking
bit taking sample sample from a large
from a large stone rock core
Transparent
acrylic protection
Testing equipment for the construction industry 169
45 Sample preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Speciment grinding/ Dimensional Verification
 Specimen grinding
q STANDARD
EN 12390-2, ASTM D4543
M 55-C0201/B
Specimen grinding machine.
220-380 V, 50 Hz, 3 ph.
M 55-C0201/BZ
Same as above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 3 ph.
General description and specifications
Used to grind and polish concrete speci-
mens, natural stones, ceramic materials,
rock samples etc.
The cube cylinder and core specimens
can be easily locked on the table and the
grinding head 330 mm dia. can be radially
moved either manually or automatically
in both directions so the only manual
operation requested is the lowering of the
grinding head by the top hand wheel. The
machine is supplied complete with chip
guard, coolant tank, motor pump, one set
of abrasive sectors and instruction manual.
Diamond grinding sectors are available on
request (see accessories). The machine is
supplied complete with clamping element
for 100, 150 and 200 mm cubes. Clamping
devices for cylinders are also available on
request (see accessories).
The 45-D0534/B Core face preparation jig
can be easily fitted by the clamping ele-
ment supplied with the machine.
General specifications
Table dimensions: 775x280 mm
Grinding wheel dia.: 330 mm
Max. vertical daylight: 350 mm
Min. vertical daylight: 145 mm
Max. specimen size: 200x200 mm cubes;
dia. 160x320 mm cylinders
Grinding wheel speed: 1400 r.p.m
Automatic cross feed in both directions
Safety guard with door locking switch
Grinding spindle motor power: 1,900 W
Feed motor: 110 W
Pulp motor: 100 W
Total power: 2200 W
B Overall dimension: 1200x1020x1640
mm (lxvxh)
A Weight approx.: 350 kg
A Weight approx. with packing: 415 kg
170 Testing equipment for the construction industry
55-C0201/B
Accessories and Spare parts
s55-C0201/B1 Spare Set of 10 abra-
sive sectors
s55-C0201/B2 Spare Set of 10 dia-
mond impregnated sectors
s55-C0201/B3 Accessory to connect
an aspirator for dry grinding procedure.
Aspiration not included
s55-C0201/B4 Clamping device for
cylinders from 100 to 160 mm dia.
s55-C0201/B5 Clamping device for
cylinders from 50 to 100 mm dia.
M 45-D0534/B
Core face preparation jig
General description and specifications
For preparation of parallel and flat core
faces using horizontal surface grinders
(e.g. 55-C0201/B). Consisting of a 4 place
locking device capable of clamping core
samples from 20 to 55 mm dia. It can be
mounted on most grinding machines with
or without magnetic chuck.
A Weight approx.: 6 kg
45-D0534/B
ROCK TESTING
 Specimen dimensional verification
q STANDARD
ASTM D4543, ISRM Sugg. Method
M 45-D0539
Rock sample verification apparatus
45-D0539 with a supplementary
82-D1250 gauge
General description and specifications
Used to verify the dimensional and shape
tolerances of rock core specimens up to 50
mm dia. by 100 mm length. The straightness
of the cylindrical surface can be easily verified
by the top dial gauge as well as flatness and
verticality of end surfaces by the same dial
gauge fitted to the lateral magnetic articula-
ted dial gauge holder.
The apparatus comprises a base support with
column and dial gauge holder that can be
adjusted precisely vertically, a precision dial
gauge 5x0.001 mm, a “V” block, a magnetic
articulated dial gauge holder and small circu-
lar magnets to fit the “V” block on the base.
Support base dimensions:
135x170x250 mm
Column height : 200 mm
“V” block dimensions: 45x45x100 mm
Dial gauge: 5x0.001 mm
A Weight approx.: 8 kg
Accessories and spare parts
s82-D1250 Dial gauge 5x0.001 mm
ROCK TESTING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strength and deformability tests
Strength and deformability tests
Most of the information obtained
from laboratory tests are sub-
stantially related to the stress and
strain characteristics of the tested
materials.
The tests generally performed on
cylindrical rock samples are the
following:
- Evaluation of the compressive
strength and strain in uniaxial
conditions
- Evaluation of the compressive
strength and strain in triaxial
conditions.
 Uniaxial test
q STANDARD
ASTM D3148, D2938
ISRM: Suggested methods for determining
the uniaxial compressive strength and defor-
mability of rock materials
The uniaxial test is performed applying
an increasing load at a constant rate of
stress between 0.5 and 1.0 MPa/s. Axial
and radial strain are measured with high
sensitivity (about 5x10-6). Subsequent load-
unload cycles are also carried out to obtain
a correct evaluation of the compressibility
properties.
Triaxial test on rock materials with measurement of axial strains
Typical Peak Strength Envelope (diagram σ νs. σ )
Triaxial test on rock materials with measurement of axial strains
Typical Failure Envelope (diagram τ νs. σ)
 Triaxial test
q STANDARD
ASTM D2664, D5407
ISRM: Suggested methods for determining
the strength of rock materials in triaxial
compression
The triaxial test is performed on test rock
samples, contained in a rubber sealing
membrane, placed within a triaxial cham-
ber and subjected to an isotropic pressure
(generally between 5 and 60 MPa), kept
constant during the test. An axial load is
subsequently applied; tests and measure-
ments are carried on in the same way as
for uniaxial tests.
1 3
Testing equipment for the construction industry
45
Uniaxial and triaxial test
From the measurements recorded during
the test the following information is obtai-
ned:
-
-
Rate of stress versus axial and radial strain
Maximum or failure stress
- Tangent and secant Young’s modulus mea-
sured on the stress-axial strain curve
- Rate of radial strain versus axial strain to
obtain the Poisson’s ratio
- Maximum stress versus applied cell pressu-
re (in the triaxial tests) to define the failure
envelope and the corresponding properties
(cohesion and friction).
Another important parameter investigated
in the triaxial tests concerns the perme-
ability characteristics of rocks and rock
behaviour when subjected to high water
pressure, especially for the study of dam
foundations, and generally for under-
ground tunnels and cavities.
171
45 Automatic test systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROCK TESTING

Main features of the complete

system

- Automatic Uniaxial and Triaxial

compression tests
- P.I.D. closed loop control
- Control up to 4 different
hydraulic frames
- Tests performed under control of:
- Load/Stress
- Displacement
- Strain
- Easy access to graphical and
numerical monitoring in real
time of all the measurements:
axial load and displacement,
cell pressure, axial and hori-
zontal strain
- Automatic control of
cell pressure for triaxial tests
- Particularly suitable for
investigation of the past
failure behaviour of rocks
(displacement controlled tests)
- Real time variation of the
settings, including the control
method (load, displacement
or strain)

50-C5902/FR Frame with Hoek cell, 50-C9842 ADVANTEST 9, 45-C7022/S SERCOMP 7, and 86-D2999 PC cabinet

 Determination of Elastic Modulus - Hoek triaxial cell to be selected confor- so that Poisson’s ratio and compressibility
ming the specimen size (Triaxial tests parameters are easily and properly evalua-
and strength characteristics only) ted during the test.
of rock specimens in uniaxial
and triaxial conditions - Strain gauges and accessories Axial load and cell pressure are also moni-
- Test software. tored by means of load cells and/or pressu-
re transducers at high levels of sensitivity
q STANDARD Operating principle and accuracy.
ASTM D2664, D2938, D3148, D5407, ISRM All the test data are graphically displayed
According to the reference standards, in real time, and stored in ASCII files for
Sugg. Method EN 14580, EN 1926
during the test the compression load on further analysis with appropriate software
the rock specimen shall be applied conti- packages.
Introduction nuously without shock, in such a manner
to produce a strain rate as constant as Note. For a complete list of suggested
Controls rock mechanics automatic test
possible, so that failure will occur within items to perform Triaxial and Uniaxial test
systems are designed to test various mate-
5-10 min of loading or alternatively at a see Table on page 177.
rials from soft sandstone to high strength
constant rate of stress, within the limits
basaltic samples. The complete test system
of 0.5-1.0 MPa/sec. Moreover, for triaxial
includes:
tests, the confining pressure has to be
- Servohydraulic control console for
maintained constant to within ± 1%. Our
load application conforming the relevant
new System has been designed to com-
standards (see ADVANTEST code
pletely fulfil these strict specifications of
50-C9842)
the test procedures. The ADVANTEST 9 is
- High stiffness testing frame to be
driven by a sophisticated micro-processed
selected conforming to the size of
servo-control and both uniaxial and tria-
the sample and the expected strength
xial tests can be carried on at very stable
(see load frames from 50-C4600/FR to
rate of stress, displacement or strain. The
50-C6600/FR model page 238)
SERCOMP 7 provides the automatic control
- Servohydraulic control console for
and managing of cell pressure within the
lateral pressure control (see SERCOMP 7
limits prescribed by the Standards. Strain
code 45-C7022/S). This unit which is deri-
measurements are performed by means of
ved from the standard SERCOMP 7 code
strain gauges applied directly to the spe-
50-C7022, has been specifically designed
cimen, both in axial and radial direction,
for rock testing (Triaxial tests only)

172 Testing equipment for the construction industry

ROCK TESTING
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic test systems
Determination of Elastic Modulus and strength characteristics
of rock specimens in uniaxial and triaxial conditions (continued)

Trixial test on rock core with measurement

of vertical stress, axial and circumferential
strain and confining pressure.

General specifications of the SERCOMP 7 and ADVANTEST 9 consoles N O T E

(For more details and specifications see pages 241 and 247) *The SERCOMP 7 and ADVANTEST 9 con-
soles can control respectively from to 2 up
Sercomp 7 Advantest 9
45-C7022/S 50-C9842 to 4 loading frames for compression and/
or flexural tests on cement and concrete
Hydraulic port 2* 4* (see page 241 and 247)
Power W 750 750
Max. working pressure, bar 600 700
Test performance with PID closed loop control with PID closed loop control
Resolution up to 1/65000 up to 1/262000
Current specs. 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph. 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.
or 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph. or 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph.
(please specify) (please specify)
470x410x1000
Overall specs. mm (lxdxh) 470x410x1000 + PC
120
Weight approx. kg 140 (including PC and printer,
which are supplied with the unit)
Detail of rock sample fitted with strain gages

Advantest 9: • Particularly suitable to test

An advanced flexible testing
system ideal for standard and
advanced automatic tests
on construction materials
• P.I.D. Closed loop control
• Control up to 4 different hydraulic
frames
• Perform tests under control of:
- Load/Stress
- Displacement
- Strain
• For connection of pressure transducer,
load cells, displacement and strain
transducers
Deformability and Ductility (from post-
peak test path) of:
- Rock samples
- Fiber reinforced concrete
- Shotcrete
- Concrete with polymer
fibre lining
• High flexibility: can control very low
capacity hydraulic frames up to 5000
kN
• Advanced
Quality-Performance/Price ratio.
The system is fully described on page 247

Testing equipment for the construction industry 173

45 Automatic test systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROCK TESTING

 Uniaxial and triaxial tests: - Load and displacement Processing and printout
- Cell pressure (triaxial test only)
Test software - Axial or radial strain (single strain We propose two MS EXCEL data sheets
gauge or average). that, by the readings of the ADVANTEST 9,
- Set-up of load/displacement/strain ramp - Easy calibration procedure and control perform:
and cycles - Store of recorded data in ASCII file - Uniaxial tests
- Diagrams in real time of: - Direct access during the test to the list of - Stress-strain analysis
- Stress, displacement, average or single the data recorded from the beginning - Poisson ratio vs. strain plot
strain vs. time - Possibility to pause the test, change set- - Secant and tangent modulus calculation
- Stress vs. displacement up and continue with the new parame- - Triaxial tests
- Stress vs. strain ters. - Stress-strain analysis
- Multi-diagrams display. - Poisson ratio vs. strain plot
- Display in real time of recorded data: - Failure envelope analysis.

 Uniaxial test

400
350
300
250
200
150
Force (kN)

Diametral
m SStrain 100
50 Axial Strain
0
2

3
E-

E-

E-

E-

E-

E-

E-

-
5E

0E

5E
.5

.0

.5

.0

.5

.0

.5

0.

1.

1.
-3

-3

-2

-2

-1

-1

-0

Strain (mm/mm)
Uniaxial test: the test is performed on a cylindrical rock core with strain sensors measuring Uniaxial test: detail of rock sample fitted with 3
the vertical and diametral strain strain gages 82-P0392

Uniaxial test: example of printout

ε 1
ε 3
P σ –σ1 3
ν
µε µε kN MPa -

Uniaxial test on a cataclasite rock specimen.

The vertical cracks are typical of the post peak.
Including No.3 Transducer holders 82-D1260, No.3
Transducers 82-P0331/C and Electric mean device
82-P0331/2

174 Testing equipment for the construction industry

ROCK TESTING
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic test systems
Determination of Elastic Modulus and strength characteristics
of rock specimens in uniaxial and triaxial conditions (continued)

 Triaxial test
Hoek cells for triaxial tests
The lateral pressure is increased by pro- 3
gramming steps and the corresponding Hardened steel spherical seat
2
axial load is determined. Substantially the
failure point is continuously varied by
changing the lateral pressure. Rock specimen
1 Rubber sealing sleeve
Hoek cells for triaxial tests 7
Oil inlet

General description and specifications Strain gauges

Hoek triaxial cells are offered in four models 6

of different size; each one consists of the
following: Cell body
- A cell body 1, complete with two quick 4
release self sealing couplings, for the
introduction of the hydraulic oil and cell 5
pressure, and for air outlet and satura-
tion of the chamber respectively.
- Two end caps 2, screwed into the cylin-
drical cell body. Hoek cells
- Upper 3 and lower loading caps 4 with
spherical coupling sCode D.C.D.M.A. Specimen size Weight Total height(1)
reference d x h (mm) (kg) mm
- Two female spherical seatings 5 connec-
ted to the loading caps 3 and 4 for the 45-D0553 AX 30.10 x 60 2.50 213
correct transmission of the axial load 45-D0554 1.5 in. 38.10 x 75 4.00 264
from the loading frame of the compres- 45-D0555 BX 42.04 x 85 6.50 263
sion machine to the specimen. 45-D0556 NX 54.74 x 100 13.00 304
- A rubber sealing sleeve 6 to separate the
specimen from the cell fluid. (1) Specimen plus loading caps plus spherical seatings
Although each sleeve can be used for seve-
ral tests, an order of five spare sleeves is
recommended (see accessories). Spare rubber sleeves
Measurements of axial and radial strain are
carried out with the use of electric strain sCode D.C.D.M.A. Specimen size
gauges 7, both in vertical and horizontal reference d x h (mm)
direction, directly glued on the lateral
surface of the specimen. The wiring con- 45-D0553/1 AX 30.10 x 60
45-D0554/1 1.5 in. 38.10 x 75
nections are passed within the rubber
45-D0555/1 BX 42.04 x 85
sleeve through the cell body and loading 45-D0556/1 NX 54.74 x 100
cap. Each strain gauge must be connected
to a proper electric device (see 82-P0070/1) Hoek cells for triaxial tests
to complete and balance the Wheatstone
bridge. The strain gauge measurements
can be performed by automatic testing
systems described on page 172 or by suita-
ble Datalog described on page 178 The cell
pressure and saturation pressure for per-
meability tests are carried out by the use of
appropriate equipment (see page 181).

45-D0556/A, 45-D0556/H
Accessories 45-D0556/B

s45-D0556/A (1) (1) Please refer to the right hand sketch to

Pair of load spreader for uniform load define the number of required parts depen-
distribution ding on the Hoek cell size.
s45-D0556/B (1)
Distance pad to reduce the vertical clea-
rance of the compression machine
Schematic view of the Hoek cell with load spread
s45-D0556/H and distance pads within the compression platen
Hoek cells holder
of the testing frame

Testing equipment for the construction industry 175

45 Automatic test systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROCK TESTING

Determination of Elastic Modulus and strength characteristics

of rock specimens in uniaxial and triaxial conditions/ Accessories

 Accessories for Hoek cells: Used to extrude the rock sample from its
jacket thus avoiding to empty the confi-
Rock sample extruder ning fluid. It consists of a steel frame with
a rack and pinion mechanism. Supplied
M 45-D0577/A without adapters, which should be ordered
separately. See adapters set.
Specimen extruder
A Weight approx.: 11 kg
Extruder adapters set
Comprising back plate adapter, two support cell body and shaft head.

Adapter For specimen For use Weight

set code size with cell approx. (kg) 45-D0577/A
45-D0577/1 AX 45-D0553 1.7
45-D0577/2 1.5 inch. 45-D0554 1.7
45-D0577/3 BX 45-D0555 1.5
45-D0577/4 NX 45-D0556 1.5

 compression device for uniaxial tests  LINEAR PATTERN STRAIN GAGES

FOR UNIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL TESTS
M 45-C9034 M 45-C9098/D
Resistance: 120 + 0.3 % Ohms
Compression device for rock core Lower and upper platen compres- Warking temperature: -20 to + 80°C
specimens 50 to 55 mm dia., 100 to sion device for rock core specimens
110 mm high 100 mm dia. M 82-P0390
Linear pattern strain gage, 9.53 mm
q STANDARD length
ASTM D2938 This device comprises a lower and upper M 82-P0391
platen 105 mm dia., 55 mm thick, minimum Linear pattern strain gage, 20 mm
The apparatus consists of a two-column hardness 58 HRC and a clamping device to length
frame fitted with an upper platen with fit the upper platen of the EN series com-
pression machines 300 mm dia. The lower M 82-P0392
spherical seat that moves vertically sustai-
ned by a spring. The lower platen is fitted platen can be easily centred on the piston Linear pattern strain gage, 30 mm
or on a suitable distance piece instead of length
to the base.
Platen dimensions: the standard compression platen of the M 82-P0393
55 mm dia., 28 mm thick machine. Linear pattern strain gage, 60 mm
length
Platen minimum hardness: 58 HRC
A Weight approx.: net 5 kg Accessories
45-C9034 M 82-P0399/A
Strain gage application kit.
M 82-P0398
Electric interface for connecting up to 4
strain gages to MCC8, ADVANTEST 9 and
DATALOG.
M 82-P0390/1
Contacts for strain gages. 176 pieces.
M 82-P0070/3
Excel data sheet for stress strain analysis
and elastic modulus processing in uniaxial
tests. For printout of test data and proces-
sing the following diagrams: Stress Strain
Vertical daylight: 112 mm curves with axial, radial and volume strain;
Total height: 250 mm approx. Secant and Tangent moduli vs. axial strain;
Poisson’s ratio vs. axial strain; Radial Strain
B Overall dimensions: vs. axial strain.
145 mm dia. x 250 mm 45-C9098/D M 82-P0070/4
A Weight approx.: 10 kg Excel data sheet for stress strain analysis
and failure envelope for triaxial tests. For
printout of test data and processing the
same data of the 82-P0070/3 data sheet
plus the following: Strength Values vs.
confining pressures and strength envelope;
Mohr circles and failure envelope.

176 Testing equipment for the construction industry

ROCK TESTING
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic test systems
Determination of Elastic Modulus and strength characteristics
of rock specimens in uniaxial and triaxial conditions/ Configuration of a complete testing system

Typical configuration of an automatic system for Uniaxial  PC Accessory

and Triaxial tests on rock specimens
PC cabinet
Reference Standards: ISRM Suggested methods; ASTM D2664, D2938, D3148, D5407
M 86-D2999
sCode Description Q.ty Q.ty
PC cabinet for testing systems.
Uniax. Triax.
230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
AXIAL LOAD UNIT

50-C9842 ADVANTEST 9 Servohydraulic control console 1 1

for load application
86-D2999 PC cabinet (optional) 1 1
50-C6600/FR 4000 kN cap. EN compression frame (other
models available from 2000 to 3000 kN cap.
See page 238) 1 1
50-C0050/CAL Special calibration of load digital unit assuring
Class 1 from 1% of full scale 1 1
50-C9086 (1) Distance piece dia. 200x100 mm 3 1
50-C9080 (1) Distance piece dia. 200x30 mm 1 1
50-C9082 (1) Distance piece dia. 200x50 mm 2 1

CONFINING PRESSURE UNIT

50-C7022/S SERCOMP 7 Automatic control console for / 1
constant pressure system in triaxialload testing
45-R0023 Three-way connector / 1
82-P0354 Pressure transducer 700 bar cap. / 2 86-D2999

HOEK CELLS (different sizes available, see page 175 We propose here NX model) This PC cabinet is a purpose built accessory
45-D0556 Hoek cell NX 54.7 mm dia. / 1 for use in many laboratory applications,
45-D0556/A Pair of load spreaders / 1 where a PC is required in a testing environ-
45-D0556/B Distance pad / 1 ment. It is designed to provide PC system
45-D0556/1 Spare rubber membrane / 5 protection from airborne contamination
45-D0577/A Rock sample extruder / 1 such as cement dust. Filtration is achieved
45-D0577/4 Extruder adapter set for NX specimens / 1 by two vented filters in the cabinet. The
monitor can be fitted on top of the cabinet
STRAIN READING AND CONTROL (Select the suitable strain gauges and three extractable shelves holds keybo-
within the models listed below) ards, printer and mouse.
82-P0398 Electric device to complete and compensate up
to four Wheatstone bridges with ¼ or ½ bridge
set up 1 1 B Overall dimensions:
82-P0399/A Strain gage application kit 1 1 500x550x915 mm (lxdxh)
82-P0390 Strain gage, grid width 4.53x9.53 mm. A Weight approx.: 55 kg
Pack of 10 1 1
82-P0391 Strain gage, grid width 3x20 mm. Pack of 10 1 1
82-P0392 Strain gage, grid width 2x30 mm. Pack of 10 1 1
82-P0393 Strain gage, grid width 1x60 mm. Pack of 10 1 /
82-P0070/3 Excel data sheet for stress-strain analysis and
elastic modulus processing for uniaxial tests 1 /
82-P0070/4 Excel data sheet for stress-strain analysis and
failure envelope for triaxial tests / 1

N O T E
In case of uniaxial test on high strenght specimens featuring
explosive failure it is suggested the use of distance pieces Detail of rock sample fitted with 3 strain gauges
complete with threaded centering pin which are identified by 82-P0392
the suffix / P. Example 50-C9086/P

Testing equipment for the construction industry 177

45 Semiautomatic test systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROCK TESTING

Lateral pressure systems/ Stress and strain measurament

 Semi-automatic test system

q STANDARD
ASTM D2664, D2938, D3148, D5407
ISRM Sugg. Methods
EN 14580, EN 1926

Introduction
The Elastic modulus and strength charac-
teristics of rock specimens in uniaxial and
triaxial conditions can also be determined
in the semiautomatic mode, combining a
semiautomatic compression machine with
a manual lateral pressure system and with
all the other accessories already listed for
the automatic system.
The basic apparatus should comprise:
- Compression testing machine of suf
ficient capacity (e.g. our digital
model 50-C5632 3000 kN cap.)
50-C4622 with 82-P0908/B, 45-D0558,
with additional pressure transducer Hoek cell and accessories for triaxial test
- Manual or automatic lateral pressure
system (e.g. our models 45-D0588 or
45-D7022/S Sercomp 7)
- Stress and strain rock measurement  Stress and strain measurement
device by electric strain gauges (e.g. and recording
82-P0908/B Datalog with accessori-
es, pressure transducer, electric strain M 82-P0908/B
gauges, etc.)
- Hoek cell with distance pads and load 8 channel automatic data acquisi-
spreaders (e.g. 45-D0553, 45-D0556/A, tion and conditioning unit.
45-D0556/B, etc.). 110-230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.
The uniaxial test conforming to ASTM
D3148 and D2938 is performed without This system is used to measure stress and
the lateral pressure system. strain characteristics of rock samples. In the
In detail, all requested items, are listed in standard configuration 6 channels are set
the Table on page 179 for strain measurements with electric strain
gauges; 2 channels are set for load/pressure
measurements with transducers.
 Manual lateral Supplied complete with RS 232 serial com-
pressure systems munication cable.

M 45-D0558
Low friction manual pressure
maintainer for lateral pressure in
the Hoek triaxial cells

Used for maintaining constant the desired

lateral pressure in the Hoek triaxial cells.
The unit comprises a hand pump connec-
ted to a special oil reservoir, a precision
pressure gauge, a pressure maintainer and
a flexible hose 3 m long with 90° quick
release coupling.

Max. working pressure: 70 MPa

A Weight approx.: 15 kg
82-P0908/B

178 Testing equipment for the construction industry

ROCK TESTING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Semiautomatic test systems
Elastic modulus and strength characteristics of rock specimens in uniaxial
General description and specifications
Hardware
Number of channels: 8
Sensors outputs:
- Vex 2V DC (common to all channels)
- compatible with Wheatstone full bridges
(4/4). For use with 1/4 and 1/2 Wheatstone
bridges, see accessory 82-P0398
Sensors inputs:
- 0-20000 microV
- sensors impedance from 100 Ohm to 10
kOhm
Real resolution: 32000 divisions
Sampling rate: adjustable up to 3 samples/
sec per channel
Data storage
User interface: membrane keyboard and
128x64 pixel graphic display
Communication ports: RS 232 for data
download to PC with Controls DATA soft
82-P0908/ SOF, CONTROLS D-TERMINAL,
Microsoft HYPERTERMINAL or equivalent
or for serial printer 82-P0172.
Power supply: 110-230 V, 50-60 Hz,
1 ph.
Dimensions: 320x250x110 mm (lxdxh)
Weight: 2.5 kg approx.
On-board firmware
- Digital calibration of channels with Strain reading and control
linear and polynomial mode
- Data storing can be activated from
remote with external trigger
- Independent storing of each channel
with dedicated memory configurable
as roll-over
- Easy recall and management of stored
readings
- Alarm threshold can be activated on
each channel
- Date and clock function
- Selection of the language.
45
and triaxial conditions. Configuration of complete testing.
Typical configuration of a standard semiautomatic system for
Uniaxial and Triaxial tests on rock specimens
Reference Standards: ASTM D2664, D2938, D3148, D5407
ISRM Suggested method
sCode Description Q.ty Uniax Q.ty Triax
Axial load unit and test frame
50-C5632 Semiautomatic compression testing machine, 3000 kN cap.
Digimax 3 dual channel data acquisition and processing system 1 1
50-C0050/CAL Special calibration of load digital unit assuring Class 1 from 1%
of full scale 1 1
50-C9080 Distance piece dia. 200x30 mm 1 1
50-C9082 Distance piece dia. 200x50 mm 1 1
Confining pressure
45-D0558 Low friction manual pressure maintainer for lateral pressure / 1
45-R0023 Three-way connector / 2
82-P0354 Pressure transducer 700 bar cap. / 2
Hoek cells (different sizes available, see page 175 We propose here NX model)
45-D0556 Hoek cell NX 54.7 mm dia. / 1
45-D0556/A Pair of load spreaders / 1
45-D0556/B Distance pad / 1
45-D0556/1 Spare rubber membrane / 5
45-D0577/A Rock sample extruder / 1
45-D0557/4 Extruder adapter set for NX specimens.
(For other sizes select the sui table adapter. See page 176) / 1
(Select the suitable strain gauges within the models listed below)
82-P0908/B 8 channels automatic data acquisition and conditioning unit 1 1
82-P0398 Electric device to complete and compensate up to four
Wheatstone bridges with ¼ or ½ bridge set up 1 1
82-P0399/A Strain gauge application kit 1 1
82-P0390 Strain gauge, grid width 4.53x9.53 mm. Pack of 10 1 1
82-P0391 Strain gauge, grid width 3x20 mm. Pack of 10 1 1
82-P0392 Strain gauge, grid width 2x30 mm. Pack of 10 1 1
82-P0393 Strain gauge, grid width 1x60 mm. Pack of 10 1 /
82-P0070/3 Excel data sheet for stress-strain analysis and elastic modulus
processing for uniaxial tests 1 /
82-P0070/4 Excel data sheet for stress-strain analysis and failure envelope
for triaxial tests / 1
Accessories
Main features:
s82-P0908/SOF Datasoft software - Displays readings on the PC screen both
and serial cable for PC connection as numeric values and graphic plots
(axes and scales adjustable)
- Performs statistical elaboration of
groups of readings (min. value, max.
value, average value, standard deviation)
- Saves measuring sessions generating
files
- Allows data-files management
- MS Windows® 98/2000/ME/XP
compatible.
PC software sample screen
Testing equipment for the construction industry 179
45 Classification tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROCK TESTING

Splitting tensile test/ Slake durability

 Splitting tensile test

of intact core specimens

q STANDARD 70-T0108/E equipped

with the 50-C9032 device
ASTM D3967
for splitting testing
of rock disk
Introduction
This test method has been developed to
measure the uniaxial tensile strength of
rock specimens by the diametral compres-
sion of a disk. The splitting tensile strength
is calculated as follows:

2 P
σ = ___ · _________
t

π L· D

where:
P maximum compressive force
L, D thickness and diameter of rock
disk.

The test specimens shall be a circular disk

with a thickness-to-diameter ratio (L/D)
between 0.2 and 0.75. The diameter of the
specimen shall be at least 10 times greater
than the largest mineral grain constituent.
A diameter of 54 mm (NX) will general-
ly satisfy this criterion. We propose, as
an accessory to a suitable compression
frame, the 50-C9032 Compression device.
Considering the average splitting strength
value of different types of rock ranging
from 3 to 14 MPa, a load frame of 50 kN
max. capacity should be suitable.
A suitable testing machine is our Universal
tester 70-T0108/E, 50 kN cap. that can
operate either with load or displacement
control.
Our Sales Dept. is at your complete disposal
for any assistance you may need.
M 50-C9032
Compression/splitting device
for 54 mm dia. rock specimens
This apparatus can be used for splitting
tensile strength on rock disk 54 mm dia.
Platen dia. is 75 mm. Total height 188
mm.
A Weight approx.: 8 kg
General description and specifications
 Classification tests:
Slake durability index This test method has been developed to
assess the deterioration of rocks over a
q STANDARD period of time when subjected to water
ASTM D4644 immersion. The apparatus consists of a
motorised drive unit which is mounted on
M 45-D0546 a baseplate and which can rotate two or
four drums at a speed of 20 r.p.m. The tank
Slake durability apparatus. assemblies are filled with water to a level
230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph. 20 mm below the drum axis. The test drums
are manufactured from 2.00 mm mesh,
M 45-D0546/Z 140 mm dia. x 100 mm long.
Same as above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph.
A Weight approx.: 15 kg
M 45-D0546/Y
Same as above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph.
Accessories
s45-D0546/1 Pair of mesh drums,
complete with coupling and tanks

45-D0546

180 Testing equipment for the construction industry

ROCK TESTING
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permeability of rock
Costant pressure apparatus

 Permeability of rock.
Constant head type
Introduction
This test is performed to measure
the water flow through the rock
specimen contained in the Hoek
cell and subjected to high confining
pressure. The hydraulic gradient
within the rock sample is supplied
by a constant pressure apparatus
and the water permeating the sam-
ple is collected in a burette. A cou-
ple of end caps are also necessary to
fit the Hoek cell.
28-WF4312 with Hoek cell, permeability end caps, burette, support base and metal/glass sleeve

Typical configuration of a Rock permeability test set

 Constant pressure apparatus sCode Description Q.ty

M 28-WF4312 Rock permeability within Hoek cells

Oil and water constant pressure
apparatus for pressure up to 3500
kPa. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
General description and specifications
This apparatus provides an infinitely varia-
ble constant pressure and is used in con-
junction with the Hoek cell fitted with the
permeability end caps, for the investigation
of the permeability of rock at high confi-
ning pressures in the laboratory.
The apparatus comprises: motorised
hydraulic pump; honed piston/spring
assembly; precision test gauge 0-3500
kPa range; cylindrical oil/water interchange
vessel; valves; 2 kg of high viscosity oil.
28-WF4312 Oil and water constant pressure apparatus for pressure 1
up to 3500 kPa. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
28-T0490 Nylon tubing 6x4 mm dia., 20 m coil 1
45-D0556 (1) Hoek cell NX size 1
45-D0556/3 (1) Permeability end caps for NX Hoek triaxial cell 45-D0556. 1
Set of two
86-D1160 (1) Graduated glass burette 25 ml cap. x 0.1 ml div. 1
86-D1445 Support base 200x130 mm complete with rod 10 mm dia. 1
x 500 mm long
86-D1451 Double sleeve metal/glass 1
45-D0558 (2) Low friction pressure maintainer or 1
45-C7022/S (2) Automatic control console for constant pressure system 1
in the Hoek triaxial cell. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
(alternative to 45-D0558, suggested for long term tests)
(1) Or other sizes (2) Normally required/available for the triaxial test (see pages 178 and 241)

Pressure range: 0-3500 kPa

B Dimensions: 310x300x390 mm
A Weight approx.: 16 kg

Accessories
45-D0558 45-C7022/S

s28-WF4191
Connecting hose to the Hoek cell Permeability end caps Glass burette and accessories

s28-WF4302/1 s45-D0553/3 s86-D1160

High viscosity oil. 5 l can
Permeability end cap AX size Graduated glass burette 25 ml cap. x 0.1
ml div.
s45-D0554/3
Permeability end cap 1.5 in. size s86-D1445
Support base 200x130 mm
s45-D0555/3
Permeability end cap BX size s86-D1451
Double sleeve metal/glass
s45-D0556/3 Hoek cells (see page 175)
Permeability end cap NX size

Testing equipment for the construction industry 181

45 Behaviour of joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROCK TESTING

 Behaviour of joints
Typical roughness profiles
Another important section of rock
mechanics involves the study of
durability and discontinuities within
the rock mass, where the compres-
sion and shear strength is lower.
The behaviour of joints is particu-
larly investigated: they are origina-
ted from geological failures, brea-
king off the rock mass continuity,
along which no sliding mechanism
is shown.
From the rock mechanics point of
view the discontinuities are charac-
terised by mechanical strength lower
than the original rock matrix and
require detailed test investigations.

Strength of the joint walls

It is conventionally investigated with the
Schmidt Hammer (L model). A series of 10
measurements is performed both on the
joint walls and on a new failure surface.
From the 10 values obtained the 5 lower
are rejected and the compression strength
is given by the average value of the last
5. This parameter is generally indicated
as JCS (Joint Wall Compressive Strength),
expressed in MPa.

Surface roughness of the joint

This parameter is defined on the joint sur-
face with the Barton comb (Profilometer
45-D0556) used to reproduce the rough-
ness profile. The line obtained is compared
with a scale of roughness profiles, propo-
sed by Barton, each of them is specified
with a classification number JRC, variable
from 0 to 20 (JRC = Joint Roughness
Coefficient).
Tilt test
An empirical method for an immediate
evaluation of the JRC index is obtained
α - ϕR
JRC = ______________
Log (JCS/σ)
ϕR angle of residual shear friction (obtai-
ned from the shear test)
σ normal pressure acting on the joint
surface, generated by the weight of
the upper piece of the sample
JCS joint resistance (measured with the
Schmidt Hammer)
Therefore the shear test is performed:
- on a smooth joint to directly obtain
the shear friction angle ϕ
- on a rough joint to calculate ϕ from
JCS and JRC.
From the above expression it is interesting
to observe that, when the normal stress σ
equals JCS (compression strength of the
joint itself), i becomes 0. The mechanical
eff

with the tilt test (model 45-B0096). It
essentially consists of a horizontal plane,
upon which the two parts of the sample
are placed, laid one upon the other along
the joint surface. Then the plane is gradual-
ly tilted until the relative displacement of
the upper piece of the sample on the lower
one is observed.
The equipment is fitted with a lower edge,
to stop the lower specimen from sliding,
and one goniometer. The tilting angle
measured is related to the JRC index with
the following:
explanation is that, when the joint walls are
Shear strength of the joint fractured for the applied high normal pres-
It is obtained from the direct shear test. sure, the shear resistance of the rock only
The peak resistance of a rough joint is depends from the shear strength angle
calculated from the following relationship ϕ and not from the surface roughness of
(Barton, 1973): the joint.
For the measurement of the residual shear
strength of the joint the direct shear test
τ = σ · tg (ϕ + ieff) is also used. The mathematical expres-
sion representing the behaviour of residual
with
strength is the Coulomb’s linear failure
envelope without cohesion:
JCS
ieff = JRC · log ______
τ = σ · tg ϕR
σ

182 Testing equipment for the construction industry

ROCK TESTING
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Behaviour of joints
Measurement of shear strength
Roughness measurement. Profilometers / Tilt test

 Measurement of shear strength

q STANDARD ASTM D5607 (1)

ISRM: Suggested method for determining
shear strength (1974)

(1) To perform the test conforming to

ASTM standard, four dial gauges for verti-
cal displacement are requested. See acces-
sory 45-D0548/10

M 45-D0548
One of the pumps is
Rock shear box apparatus. fitted with a pressure
Hand operated maintainer to assure
auniform load during
General description and specifications the test

This apparatus was originally developed at 45-D0548

Imperial College, London, by Professor E. Hoek.
It is a simple and practical method of deter-
mining the strength and slope stability of
rock, both in the field and in the laboratory.
The apparatus consists of a shear box desi-
gned to accept rock samples not larger than
115x125 mm, or alternatively cores up to 102
mm dia. The shear box consists of two halves,
the upper being connected to two rams for
reversible shearing action and the lower con-
nected to a ram for normal load application.
The loads are recorded by Bourdon tube load
gauges.
The normal loading system is complete with
an adjustable low friction pressure maintainer
to absorb volume changes of the specimen
during the shearing action and to ensure a
constant vertical stress.
The apparatus is supplied complete with two
50 kN pumps and manometers and two
mould forms used for the correct alignment
of the sample before the test with cemen-
tation.
Gauge range: 50 kN x 1 kN
B Dimensions: 460x250x600 mm
A Weight approx.: 45 kg
Accessories
s45-D0548/9 High alumina cement
for the cementation of the sample in
the shear box. 50 kg bag
s82-D1257 Dial gauge 30 mm travel
for horizontal displacement x 0.01 mm
s45-D0548/10 Set of 4 dial gauges
10x0.002 mm complete with mounting
brackets
Spare parts
s45-D0548/8 Mould former
s45-D0548/1
Load gauge, range 0-50 kN x 1 kN
 Tilt test
M 45-B0096
Apparatus for measurement of the
joint roughness coefficient (Tilt Test)
Detail of the shear box apparatus fitted with the
45-D0548/10 accessory to perform the test con-
forming to the ASTM D5607 standard
 Roughness measurement.
Profilometers
Used for measurement of the roughness
profile of rock samples.
45-B0096
M 45-D0566
Profilometer (Barton comb).
General description and specifications
300 mm length
A Weight approx.: 1 kg It is used to calculate the JRC of a rock or
of a joint. The equipment consists of an
M 45-D0566/A adjustable inclined plane, on which the
rock sample (100 mm dia. max.) is placed,
Profilometer (Barton comb). 150
separated along the surface where the rou-
mm length ghness is to be measured. Then the plane is
A Weight approx.: 0.5 kg slowly tilted until sliding of the upper part
of the sample on the lower one occurs.
45-D0566 From the measured inclination angle it is
possible to evaluate the roughness index.
Inclination angle: 0-50°
B Overall dimensions:
265x170x260 mm
A Weight approx.: 4 kg

Testing equipment for the construction industry 183

45 Classification tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Strength index/ Rock classification hammer
 Strength index
q STANDARD
ASTM D5731 - ISRM: Suggested method.
M 45-D0550/E
Digital rock strength
index apparatus (Franklin Press)
General description and specifications
The apparatus consists of a load frame 60
kN capacity with a hydraulic loading ram
actuated by a hand pump. The frame is
adjustable to allow for testing sample up
to 102 mm dia. A ruler assembled on the
frame allows for direct measurement of
the distance D between the conical platens
before and after the test. The compression
load is measured by a pressure transducer
with an advanced digital display unit assu-
ring the best accuracy and resistance to the
failure shocks. The machine, fitted with the
accessory 45-D0550/D5, can also be used for
compression tests on small cores or cylindri-
cal specimens. The apparatus is contained in
an easyly transportable plastic case.
Load range: 0-60 kN
Digital display: 2x16 characters
Resolution: 32.000 div.
Load pacer included
Load measured in both kN and MPa
Serial port for PC connection
Accuracy: ± 1%
Case dimensions: 800x500x280 mm
Weight: 15 kg approx.
Accessories
s45-D0550/D5 Set of lower and upper
platen 52 mm dia. with spherical seat
for compression tests
s45-D1717 Clear safety goggles
Spare parts
s45-D0550/A7 Set of hardened conical
platens
s45-D0550/A8 Set of gaskets for cylin-
der and pump
184 Testing equipment for the construction industry
ROCK TESTING
- Light and portable unit
- Sample size up to 102 mm dia.
- Accepts irregular shaped samples
- High resolution digital display
battery operated
- Resistant to failure shocks
- Serial port for PC connection
included
45-D0550/E
 Compression strength M 58-C0184
Calibration anvil
q STANDARD: ASTM D5873
ISRM: Suggested method q STANDARD
EN 12504-2
M 45-D0561 ASTM C805, D5873
Rock classification hammer
(Schmidt hammer – Low impact Used for calibration of concrete test ham-
energy model) mer (models 58-C0181/N) and Rock classi-
fication hammer (model 45-D0561). Made
General description and specifications of special alloy steel and supplied complete
with traceable hardness certificate. It is
Used to measure the rebound index on rock essential for the periodical laboratory veri-
cores and samples. The apparatus is simple, fication of the Rock classification hammer.
easy to use, and is similar to the one used
for testing concrete. The level of impact
B Dimensions:
energy only is different: 0.74 Nm. Rock cores
are positioned horizontally and the rebound 150 mm dia. x 230 mm height
index is obtained from the average of several A Weight approx.: 16 kg
measurements performed perpendicularly
to the longitudinal axis. The unit is supplied
complete with carrying case.
45-D0561
B Dimensions of case: with 45-D0562/A
78 mm dia. x 335 mm
Accessories
M 45-D0562/A ASTM rock cradle
Universal model, can hold all standard rock
core sample from EX to NX size (21.46 to
54.74 mm dia.) and even more. The appa-
ratus comprises a vertical hammer guide
fitted to a steel plate of minimum mass
conforming to ASTM D5873, and a magne-
tic “V” block that can be easily fitted to the
steel plate.
B Dimensions:
220 mm dia. x 420 mm high approx.
A Weight approx.: 27 kg