!

"# $%& '(&) # &)

$%&
+,
"# # *( # +) #, *
# #+ # #&
++ −
+( ) 
→ +
++ &( → &+ + &
) 
+ −

- # #& . !
&+
&( ) +' & 
→ ( )
& ' & 
→ ( )
& ' +& −

&( ) +/ & 
→ ( & )/ +

&( ) +* & 
→ ( & )* +

# 0. 1 23'',2424 234&

! " # $"

5 !
6 !77 88 7 7 76 7$9- $# 0: ; <+=> ?<+=#9- @ A ?<+=> <+=#99;>B$0:B9$ .

% " # $"

..

B '
!
B C !

.
.
6

.
.

B D ..

& "

B E F
.. B " " ' "> !

G !

G !
; !
E . 6

! "@ $%& +# +(+) +H , "@ $%& +H +(+) +# ,

& ! ! (! # $" " !$ "

# 6 ! ) *+, +-+. "/

! ) *+, +-+.

! I JC+' ! & ' * +

&) /
I !& K K K K K

+, ' ! 0 # "

.
. 90 , B
L L 90 ! 90 . 90
 '
F D .

F D FD
9-

2!# I &)

MN ON

C #P
! 6 !
N ! 0 # "

&)
+!# #
Q +
# JC+Q ! & *
# &) ! & '

"# $%& '(&) ! $%& 6 . N

F FD D

"# %+9 '(&) ! %+9 6 . N

*

/, # " 1 (! " " # $"

G KR S C= T

G K S U= T

@ ! µ = ( + +) ⋅ µ

23 ! H6 45 *+ µ = 4 & ⋅2=−* −2
 ! =2 µ = &µ

G# .

9 . 6 !

H, ?+, #, I, 9%, %+9 >:0 $%& #$, #9

#6 . #6 .
N # T
T S.
6 TS

G>

! I +) /
' KR
& +
6 . ! 6F
K K K K K KR KR KR KR KR KR
& * * *
+ &
6 . ! 6F
KR KR KR K KR KR KR KR KR
& * * *

6, # " # (! " " # $"

! I &)

∆ = ∆ =
λ λ
= 224Q −2
∆ =
λ
 ! VC Q== T C 2Q2 8W ,2
! VC /== T C +&48W ,2
,2
! VM +/= T O *Q38W

!
"# I'(&, '/= !N .
"# %+9 '(&) /==
"# #$ '(&, &== !N

& 7 " 8 " # $"

GI !

!
[ ]
+ +
+
+

9 . . ! = = +
[ ]
G> !

!
[ ]
+ +
+
+
[ ] 2 2
9 . = +
= =

G; !

[ ]
+ +
+
!

′ +
[ ] ′
= =
+
[ ′]
? X O2 6 ? X M2
6

+ − 2=+2
! ( & )+ ++ −

→ ( )+ ++ & = Q+
= 2=2& 3 2
2=

G; !

E ! . 7 B
E ! 7
Y? F 6 !

! "0 $%& +() $%& Q+

"0 #$ +(, #$, +2

Y? F 6 !

! # Z+, # +)
2= '

# Z, # +)
2'

+− ++ +− ++
+ 
→ + X C/ *

& ## " " # $"

, 0 9 (!

G F ! [

++
! &+
+! −

→ (! )
G F !
+) +)
, ! # - >:0

, E ! .
.

8, 0 1 #0

0 H
6 6 9 . 6 . !
&−
( ) + +!+
" +−
& ( ) 
→ ( !+ & )+ ( )
+ "
(
−
)

, !1 $ :

6 [
T6F
 −
! 0 =
F ( )+

, ! ; !

+)
9 .. !# I +) # +)
\
!# % \
9 >:0 F6 6 @9*&,

\
# $

F6 9 ]
D ..
>:0

, " ": !$

9 . D \
! 6 I BB 6F 9+
> #9 E
6 6F 6F - BB

, 0 # ! (!

# , ! ,@ ,

1, 1

9 B;-
B
!# ^ ^ 6

0, <1 ; "

9 8