ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and

Management

Lecture One:
1. Introduction

Dr. Milkias B.
Dept. of Electrical Power and Control Engineering
Adama Science and Technologyy University
mil_ber2000@astu.edu.et
ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management

Introduction on
Power System Planning and Management
 ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management
Learning Outcomes:
This course will introduce the fundamentals of Power System Planning and
power system Management. After this course the students should be able to:
▪Understand the general power system structure;
▪Understand load forecasting techniques;
▪Learn and understand basics design concepts and methods of
generating stations, switchyards, and transmission lines;
▪Understand and carry out cost analysis of generation systems;
▪Understand the management of power systems;
▪Analysis of transmission losses for a power system;
▪Learn and understand the concepts and terminology used in
interchange evaluation;
▪Understand power pools issues;
▪Understand and carry out power system reliability analysis;
▪Understand the HVAC and HVDC Transmission Systems;
 ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management
Course Content:
•Course Introduction
1. Basic Structure of Power System
2. Objectives of Power System
3. Brief introduction of the Course

•Load Forecasting
1. Classification and Characteristics of Loads
2. Forecast Methodologies
3. Demand forecasting
4. Peak Demand Capacity Forecasting

•Generation Planning and Design

1. General Overview of Generation Planning
2. Unit Size and Potentials of Energy Resources
3. Methods of Energy Conversion Technologies
4. General Layout and design of Generating Stations
5. Generation Planning and supply forecasting
6. Environmental and Social Impacts of Generation Stations
 ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management
•Transmission and Distribution Planning and Design

1. Classification and Characteristics of Transmission Lines

2. HVAC and HVDC Transmission Systems
3. Steady State Stability Analysis
4. Transient Stability Analysis
5. Reactive Power Compensating Equipments
6. Critical stability Considerations for Transmission system Planning
7. Transmission and Substation Design and Modelling
8. Distribution system planning
9. Power System Network in Ethiopia

•Power System Reliability Analysis

1. Introduction to Power System Reliability

2. Probabilistic Transmission System Analysis
3. Probabilistic Transmission System Analysis
4. Index of Reliability
ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management

•Power Economics
1. Basic Concepts of Power Economics
2. Economic Criteria for Evaluation of Projects
3. Generation and Transmission System Cost Analysis
4. Operation and Maintenance Costs
5. Environmental and Social costs
•Power System Management and Unit Commitment
 Assessment
· Online Attendance (10%)
Assessment/Evaluati · Assignments (20%)
on and Grading · Term Paper and /or Project (30 %)
system · Final Examination (40%)
 Texts and References
Text Book
Sullivan, Power System Planning, McGraw-hill International Book
Company
References
Hossein_Seifi, Mohammad_Sadegh_Electric Power System Planning,
Issues,Algorithms & Solutions
Arthur Mazer, Electric Power Planning for Regulated and Deregulated
Markets, WILEY-INTERSCIENCE, A John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Texts and Publication, IEEE PRESS
References Pansini, Anthony J. Power transmission and distribution/Anthony J.
Pansini 2nd ed.
C.L. Wadhwa, Electrical Power Systems, New Age International
Publishers,2004.
Allen J. Wood and B.F. Wollenberg, Power Generation, Operation and
Control, 2nd Edition, John Wiley,1997.
W.D. Stevenson, Jr., Elements of Power System Analysis, 4thEdition,
New York: McGraw-hill,1982.
ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management

Lecture 1
Course Introduction

Lecture Outline:

o Basic Structure of Power System

o Ethiopian Power System Overview

o Objectives of Power System

o Brief introduction of the Course

 ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management

1.1 Basic Structure of Power System

• Power System is a network of high tension wires/cables by which Electrical power
transmitted and distributed throughout a region.
• Planning is a powerful tool for the improvement and development of a nation. Power crises
today is partly attributed to poor planning for power in fifties and sixties. The first job of a
planning engineer is to predict the future load. It has been found from experience that it
takes nearly five years to put up a thermal unit or hydel unit associated with a dam into
commercial operation from the blue print stage.
Power System consists of the following main components:
❑Generation System- Energy Conversion Methods
❑Switchgear – Step-up transformer in the Generation station
❑Transmission System- Ultra-high, Extra-high, High and Medium Voltage levels
❑Substation-Step up or step down Transformer or switching substation
ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management
Single line diagram of a Power System Structure

Generation Transmission
System System
15,20 kV 400,500 kV 400,500 kV 66,45 kV
Generator-1
Large
Consumers

Step-up Step-down
Transformer 132,230 kV Transformer

Distribution
System
Generator-2 400,500 kV
15,20 kV 132,230 kV
66,45 kV
Step-down
Transformer
Step-up
Transformer 33,15 kV

11,11.5 kV
400/220 V
33/15 kV
Medium
Generator-3 and small
Consumers
ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management
Brief description of the main Power System Components:
1.Generation System

Types of Energy Resources:

•Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, Atomic energy (Fossil fuel resources)
•Solar, Hydro, wind, hot water/spring, Biomass (Renewable energy
Resources)
Types of Energy Conversion Methods/Generation Systems:
•Diesel Generator, Gas Turbine, Steam Turbine, Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
(CCGT), Steam Injected Gas Turbine, Nuclear power (Conventional systems)
•PV System, Solar Thermal, Hydropower, Wind Power, Geothermal, Biomass
(Renewable conversion systems)
 ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management
2. Transmission Systems:
This component of the power system transmits bulk electrical energy from
generation stations where it is produced to the main load centres. The
transmission system is composed of:
• Step-up and Step-don substations
• Transmission lines

3.Distribution Systems
The distribution system gives out the energy from the medium voltage
substations to customers’ location. It is composed of:
• Medium Voltage (MV) lines (33kV, 15 kV)
• MV/LV transformer substations (33/15/ kV to 400/380/220 V)
• Distribution lines (33/15 kV, 380 V 3-phase and 220 v single phase)

4. Load or Energy Sink:

Load is the end equipment of the power system where the transmitted
electrical energy is converted to other forms of useful energy.
 ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management
1.2 Objectives of Power System Planning
The main objectives of power system planning are:
1. To generate adequate energy for supplying the customers’ demand at low
price, efficient conversion system and low environmental and social impacts
2. To transmit this energy from long distances of generation stations to the load
centres at low price, more efficient, stable and reliable conditions.
3. To distribute the transmitted energy from substations to customers’ at a
quality service, low price and efficient utilization of the energy.

Definition:
Power system Planning is optimization of facilities necessary to provide
adequate electrical energy in a power system network at a least cost, low
environmental and social impacts through which a sustainable energy supply to
customers is attained.
Thus, power system planning gives the necessary basis and jumpstart for a detail
power system design→ construction →operation.
 ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management
1.3 Brief introduction of the Course
Power system planning encompasses a broad collection of activities spanning
several time horizons and can be divided into categories of analysis such as
demand, generation, transmission and distribution. Thus, bulk power system
planning includes Load Forecast, Generation Planning, Transmission and
Distribution planning at a reasonable expansion cost. Power system planning
is usually done on a long-term planning horizon up to 20 to 25 years.
A. Load Forecasting:
▪ It determines the future trend of electricity consumption of each demand sectors
starting from the base year for the whole projection period.
▪ It determines the total annual consumption as well as its discissions in to local and
interconnection power pool loads.
▪ It depends mainly on the historical and current data of the base year, national GDP
growth, population growth, customers’ income growth, government plan on rural
electrification, government policies and view on climate issues etc.
▪ It includes the historical data analysis and modelling annual forecast of energy
demand and peak capacity demand of a power system network within the
projection period.
 ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management
B. Generation Planning:

Generation planning determines the sequence or scheduling of future

generation plants that serve the forecasted energy and peak power capacity
demand in a sustainable and economic manner. During generation planning the
following issues shall be addressed
▪ The Generation type, location, technology, size, potential, construction
period and timing of future generation plants that will be added to the
power system.
▪ The generation investment cost, Operating and Maintenance (O&M) cost
both fixed and variable costs
▪ Generation fuel consumption or running cost for thermal power plants
▪ Environmental and social impacts and their associative costs
▪ Retirement plan for existing generation stations
▪ The annual average and firm energy of the generation plants for the
expected life time of each generation plants.
▪ Long-run marginal generation cost for each kWh energy unit.
▪ Etc…
 ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management
C. Transmission Planning:
The transmission planning determines the expansion or rehabilitation plan of
transmission system based on the existing system, forecasted demand,
generation schedule and generation location at a least cost, stable, reliable and
efficient planning criteria.
In the transmission network planning some of the following issues, but not
limited, shall be appraised:
▪ The need for new substations and transmission lines as well as the need for
reinforcement in the existing system
▪ The voltage levels and right-of-way constraints
▪ The investment cost, O&M cost
▪ Line loadability, reliability, stability analysis
▪ substation Capacity, reliability and switching stability
▪ Compensating equipment requirements for voltage stability
▪ System network stability (Voltage magnitude, generator angle or voltage
angle and Frequency) and reliability during contingency and fault cases
▪ Modelling each component of a power system and analysis the steady state
and transient stabilities as well as the fault levels at each node of the
network.
 ECEG-6306_ Power System Planning and Management

D. Power system Operation

▪ Power System operation is the act of managing the power system network in
a low cost, efficient, stable, reliable and sustainable manner.

▪ The time frame for power system operation varies from a few seconds to a
few weeks. To assist with the operation of the system, modern power
systems are equipped with Energy Management Systems which coordinates
various control functions in system operation.

▪ The prime goal of Energy Management systems is the secure and economic
operation of power systems to ensure uninterrupted, safe flow of power to
customers at minimum cost.
STAY SAFE!!!
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