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Guide To Changes in Building Control 07-08 PDF
Guide To Changes in Building Control 07-08 PDF
While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the
information in this publication, the Building and Construction
Authority, its employees and its agents shall not be responsible for
any mistake or inaccuracy found in this Guidebook and expressly
disclaim all such liability and responsibility.
ISBN 978-981-08-0341-4
ii
CONTENTS
CHAPTER TOPIC Page
1 Appointments 11
4 On Accredited Checkers 49
6 Licensing of Builders 81
Glossary 103
Schedules 113
iii
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iv
WHAT THIS BOOK IS ABOUT
Thirdly, the Act and the regulations cannot cover and prescribe
implementation solutions to every conceivable situation in real
life. There could be situations where some explanation is
required. With useful feedback received from the industry during
1
the consultation exercise, explanation to some of such situations
have been included in this Guidebook so that everyone is clear
about the requirements under those situations.
Before you read any chapter of the Guidebook, please first read
the next section. It explains some of the terms and abbreviations
used to simplify the writing and reading of this Guidebook.
***
2
READ THIS FIRST
AC
This means “accredited checker”, and refers to an accredited
checker who is registered to check the structural works of a
project.
AC(Geo) or Specialist AC
There is another class of AC called “specialist accredited
checker” or AC(Geo). An AC(Geo) is registered to check the
geotechnical aspects of underground building works. His
registration is distinct from that of an AC and he cannot perform
the duties of the AC, unless he is also registered as an AC.
Act
Unless specified, the use of the term “Act” by itself in this
Guidebook refers to the Building Control Act.
3
Building Plans
This refers to the plans that relate to the architectural elements of
the building works. They are also called the architectural plans.
Building Regulations
There are several sets of Regulations associated with the Building
Control Act. Where the term “building regulations” is used in this
Guidebook, it refers to any or all of the sets of Building Control
Regulations made under the Building Control Act.
CBC
CBC means the Commissioner of Building Control.
Design QP
This term refers to the qualified person appointed to prepare the
plans of the particular building works being discussed.
Design QP(Arch)
This term refers to the qualified person appointed to prepare the
architectural plans of the building works.
Design QP(Geo)
This term refers to the qualified person appointed to prepare the
plans of the geotechnical aspects of underground building
works.
Design QP(Struct)
This term refers to the qualified person appointed to prepare the
structural plans of the building works.
Developer
This is a new term in the amended Act. It means the person for
whom or on whose behalf the building works are carried out.
Readers should note that when used in this Guidebook, the term
means more than a commercial or housing developer as
defined in the Housing Developers (Control and Licensing) Act
(Cap. 130).
4
To illustrate further: A contractor who decides to execute
building works to build his own house is both developer and
builder in that particular project. Under a “design-and-build”
project, the owner (i.e. the one who commissions the project) is
the developer. This is so even if the person chooses to let the
builder take over every aspect of the project right up to the point
of completion.
Geotechnical Report
This term refers to any calculations, plans or report, prepared in
respect of underground building works by a qualified person who
is a geotechnical engineer, showing —
5
PE
This means “professional engineer”. The relevant professional
engineer applicable to this Act is registered either in (i) the
branch of civil or structural engineering, or (ii) the specialised
branch of geotechnical engineering. For the former, the PE is
commonly called the PE(Civil) while the latter is referred to as the
PE(Geo).
Also, for the same aspects of the building works, there could be
two QPs appointed – one to prepare the plans relating to those
6
aspects of the building works and another to supervise the
carrying out of the same aspects of the building works. To
differentiate between these two QPs, the terms “Design” and
“Supervision” are prefixed to them, for example, Design
QP(Struct) and Supervision QP(Struct).
QSS
When used in any part of this Guidebook, QSS means the
“qualified site supervisor” who is required to be appointed under
Section 10 of the Building Control Act by the QP to supervise the
structural or geotechnical aspects of the building works. There
are 2 categories of QSS, namely resident engineer and resident
technical officer.
RE
This means “resident engineer”.
RTO
This means “resident technical officer”. This is a new term to
replace what we used to call “clerk-of-works”.
7
c) site investigation work comprising field investigations,
exploratory drilling or boring, logging, sampling, coring, in-
situ plate-loading tests, pressure meter tests, penetration
tests, vane shear tests, probing tests, permeability tests,
geological mapping and geophysical surveys, and
installation and monitoring of instruments measuring forces,
deformation, displacements, pore and earth pressures,
and ground-water levels;
Structural Plans
This refers to the plans that relates to the structural elements of
the building works. It includes the piling plans, the substructure
plans, the superstructure plans and all other plans showing details
of structural works.
Supervision QP
This term refers to the qualified person appointed to supervise the
particular building works being discussed.
Supervision QP(Arch)
This term refers to the qualified person appointed to supervise the
architectural works.
Supervision QP(Geo)
This term refers to the qualified person appointed to supervise the
geotechnical aspects of underground building works.
Supervision QP(Struct)
This term refers to the qualified person appointed to supervise the
structural works.
8
Underground Building Works
The term ‘underground building works’ has been defined in the
Act and building regulations as any of the following building
works:
***
9
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10
CHAPTER 1
APPOINTMENTS
DEVELOPER
1.2 Every building project begins with a developer. Under the
Act, the developer is any person for whom building works are to
be carried out. This would include the commercial developer
who builds a condominium for sales after completion. It also
includes a government agency that builds a public building; say,
a sports complex or a public bridge. A home owner who intends
to build his own private bungalow is also a developer.
11
QUALIFIED PERSONS
1.5 Qualified Persons or QPs are required to prepare the plans
of building works and to supervise the construction of those
works. There are three types of QPs –
12
1.7 For building works that are named in Part I of the Third
Schedule, only a PE can act as a QP to prepare and sign for all
the plans (both the building and structural plans). Generally
these building works have very little architectural content and
the PE can prepare and sign for such content.
1.8 For building works that are named in Part II of the Third
Schedule, either an architect or a PE, or both, can be appointed
as the QP to prepare and sign for the building plans. However,
the structural plans of these projects have to be prepared and
signed by a PE.
1.9 For all other building works not named in Part I or Part II, an
architect has to be appointed to act as the QP to prepare and
sign for the building (architectural) plans and to supervise the
architectural works, whereas the QP appointed for structural
works has to be a PE.
13
1.13 The developer or builder may appoint either the same
person or different persons to be the Design QP(Struct) and
Supervision QP(Struct). However, the appointments have to
comply with mandatory requirements on independence – see
the section on Independence of Project Parties later in this
chapter.
14
1.18 For underground building works, the Supervision QP(Geo)
has to appoint a minimum number of qualified site supervisors to
help him in his supervision duties. For details, see the section on
Qualified Site Supervisors later in this chapter.
ACCREDITED CHECKERS
Accredited Checker
Act S8
15
Act S8 S13(3)
1.22 The AC to be appointed is determined by the value of the
building works as follows:
16
a) the QP appointed to supervise the carrying out of
structural works, and
b) where there are underground building works, the QP
appointed to supervise the geotechnical aspects of those
underground building works.
17
goods and services tax payable in relation to the supply of
the work.
Act S10(3)
1.31 There are two classes of QSS – the RE and the RTO. More
details on requirements for QSS can be found in Chapter 2. To
qualify as a QSS under either of the two classes, a person must:
BUILDERS
Act S8 S11
1.32 The developer has to appoint a main builder to carry out
the building works. In some building works, the developer may
appoint more than one main builder in a project. As an example,
different builders may be appointed for each building in a
project where there is more than one building.
18
1.34 The builder’s main duty is to carry out the building works in
accordance with the Act and its Regulations, and the relevant
plans approved by the CBC, that are supplied to him by the
qualified persons. The builder’s other duties are explained in
detail in Chapter 3: Duties of Project Parties.
Specialist Builders
Act S11(2) S8
Licensing
Act Part VA
EXCAVATION WORKS
1.38 Works that involve ground excavations require special
care in structural and geotechnical design and supervision. This is
because they have great impact on the safety of surrounding
properties. As the complexity of such works increases with the
depth of excavation, the requirements on appointments vary
with the depth (except for appointments for architectural works).
The following table (next page) summarizes the requirements.
19
TABLE 1.1
TABLE ON APPOINTMENTS OF QPs AND ACs FOR BUILDING WORKS
INVOLVING GROUND EXCAVATION
20
INDEPENDENCE OF PROJECT PARTIES
1.40 The Act restricts certain relationships and associations
between some project parties. These provisions are necessary to
protect the public interest by keeping critical functions free from
potential conflicting interest situations. This section summarizes
the independence required of project parties under the Act.
Developer/Supervision QP Relationship
1.43 Can a PE supervise the construction of his own house since
he is also the developer of the project? The construction of any
detached house, semi-detached house, terraced or linked
house not exceeding 3 storeys for residential purposes is not
classified as major building works. For these works, a PE can
therefore act as the Supervision QP for the structural works even if
he is also the developer.
21
Independence of Qualified Site Supervisors
Act S10(4)
22
professional or financial interest in those underground building
works.
Act S18(7)
1.51 Similarly, an accredited checking organisation shall be
regarded as having a professional or financial interest in any
building works if –
23
(c) the organisation or any of its directors or partners is a
partner or is in the employment of a person who has a
professional or financial interest in the building works.
24
Any specialist builder who is appointed in respect of any building
works shall not:
Associate
Act S2(4)
25
1.56 A relevant extract from the Companies Act is reproduced
below for reference:
***
26
CHAPTER 2
SUPERVISION OF BUILDING
WORKS
Act S7
2.1 The provisions in the Act stress the importance of building
works being carried out under the supervision of appropriately
trained persons. Generally, it is an offence to carry out any
building works unless the works are done under the supervision of
an architect or a professional engineer. For the structural
elements of building works, there are additional requirements for
qualified site supervisors (QSS). This chapter summarizes the
various requirements for supervision of building works.
Architectural Works
Act S7(1)(a)
27
Structural Works
Act S7(1)(a) S7(2)(a)
2.6 Other than the qualified person, the Act also requires
structural works and their geotechnical aspects to be carried out
under the supervision of a qualified site supervisor (QSS). There
are two classes of qualified site supervisors, namely:
Resident Engineer
BCR Reg24(4)
28
degree in Civil Engineering or Structural Engineering from
any university recognised by the Professional Engineers
Board for registration as a professional engineer under the
Professional Engineers Act;
d) is a Chartered Engineer registered by the Engineering
Council United Kingdom in the Civil Engineering or
Structural Engineering discipline;
e) possesses a university degree in Civil Engineering or
Structural Engineering from any university that is specified
by the Commissioner of Building Control in the list that is
29
c) possesses a diploma or higher certificate from any foreign
polytechnic in Civil Engineering or Structural Engineering
and has at least one year of such relevant practical
experience in full-time supervision of structural works in
construction sites as may be acceptable to the
Commissioner of Building Control;
d) possesses a diploma in any construction-related field from
any foreign polytechnic and has at least 4 years of such
relevant practical experience in full-time supervision of
structural works in construction sites in Singapore as may
be acceptable to the Commissioner of Building Control;
e) possesses a degree from any foreign university in Civil
Engineering or Structural Engineering and has at least one
year of such relevant practical experience in full-time
supervision of structural works in construction sites as may
be acceptable to the Commissioner of Building Control;
f) possesses a degree related to Civil Engineering or
Structural Engineering from any foreign university and has
at least one year of such relevant practical experience in
full-time supervision of structural works in construction sites
in Singapore as may be acceptable to the Commissioner
of Building Control; or
g) possesses such other qualification and period of
postgraduate practical experience in full-time supervision
of structural works in construction sites as the Commissioner
of Building Control may determine, being a qualification
and practical experience that is substantially equivalent to
any qualification and practical experience referred to in
sub-paragraphs (a) to (f).
30
help him in the task. The requirements of such appointment
depend on the scale of the building works.
2.11 Under the Act, building works are classified as either small-
scale building works or large building works. The requirements of
supervision of the structural elements for these two classes of
works are as follows:
Act S2(1)
2.13 The term "immediate supervision", in relation to any
building works or part thereof, means personally and directly
exercising oversight, control and inspection of the carrying out of
the building works or part thereof. Where immediate supervision
is required, the Supervision QP or the appointed QSS has to be
present at the site to supervise the carrying out of critical
structural works.
Act S10(2)
2.14 The Act requires the Supervision QP(Struct) appointed to
supervise the carrying out of any small-scale building works to
appoint at least one QSS to supervise the critical structural
elements of the small-scale building works. Where appropriate,
the Supervision QP(Struct) may personally carry out such
supervision in the absence of a QSS. The details of this
requirement are summarized as follows (next page):
31
TABLE 2.1
SITE SUPERVISORS REQUIRED FOR IMMEDIATE SUPERVISION OF
STRUCTURAL WORKS IN SMALL-SCALE BUILDING WORKS
Act S7(1)(c)
BCR R24(1)
2.16 The number of QSS required for each project depends on
the value of the building works. More resources in terms of
qualified site supervisors are required as the value of the building
works increases. This is based on the rationale that the value
would in most cases be a good and simple indicator of the
scope or complexity of works. More resources for supervision
would be required as scope or complexity increases. The details
are provided in the Building Control Regulations, and are
summarized as follows (next page):
32
TABLE 2.2
QUALIFIED SITE SUPERVISORS REQUIRED FOR FULL-TIME
SUPERVISION OF STRUCTURAL WORKS OR GEOTECHNICAL
ASPECTS IN LARGE BUILDING WORKS
More than $30 million but not One (1) RE and one (1) RTO
exceeding $75 million
More than $75 million but not One (1) RE and two (2) RTO
exceeding $150 million
More than $150 million Two (2) RE and three (3) RTO
Full-time supervision
2.17 The term “full-time supervision”, in relation to any building
works, means that the QSS has to be stationed at the site
throughout the duration of the project when structural or
geotechnical works are in progress and cannot act as the QSS
for any other project. The QSS has to personally and directly
exercise oversight, control and inspection of the carrying out of
critical structural works like concreting, piling, pre-stressing,
tightening of high-friction grip bolts and other critical structural
works, and carry out any other supervision duties as directed by
the Supervision QP who appointed him. Where there is more than
one QSS in a project, the Supervision QP has to direct how and
by who each supervision duty is to be carried out.
Site Records
BCR R22
33
a) for major building works, a schedule of the structural works
to be carried out every 3 months, specifying, in particular,
the excavation, installation, testing, removal, construction
or fabrication of the key structural elements;
b) a record of attendance of the Supervision QP and QSS;
c) a site record book;
d) a copy of the approved structural plans including all
amendments;
e) a record of all the departures or deviations relating to the
structural elements of the building works as provided by
the Design QP(Struct);
f) a record of inspection and approval for concreting;
g) a record of repairs to defective structural works;
h) a site investigation report;
i) a record of piles installed;
j) a record of pile load tests;
k) a record of tests on cement, sand and aggregates;
l) a record of concrete cube tests;
m) a record of tests on steel reinforcements;
n) a record of tests on pre-stressing steel;
o) a record of pre-stressing works;
p) a record of tests on welding works and all welders’
certificates;
q) a record of ground anchor, soil nails or rock bolt tests and,
where applicable, stressing loads;
r) a record of inspection and approval at each of the
following stages of the building works: excavation,
installation, construction and removal stage of the building
works;
s) a record of inspection and approval for strut, soil nails, rock
bolts, or anchor during installation and removal;
t) a record of instrumentation and monitoring reports;
u) a record of actions taken where monitoring results of
earth-retaining wall deflection or adjacent ground
settlements exceed the allowable limits or where damages
occur in the neighbouring properties;
v) a record and test results of earth or ground improvement
or strengthening works;
w) a record of tests on fixings of external claddings and safety
barriers against falling from a height;
x) the mill certificates and test results for structural steel
sections, and
y) a record of all other tests of or in connection with the
building works.
34
Submission of Progress Reports and Certificates
BCR R23
35
Builder’s Supervision Duty
Act S11(1)(e)
***
36
CHAPTER 3
DUTIES OF PROJECT PARTIES
DEVELOPER
Act S8(1)
3.2 The developer has a set of duties under the Act. These
duties are summarized as follows:
(A) Appointments
3.3 For all building works, every developer shall appoint the
following (no other person may make these appointments)–
37
movements or building movements and to measure forces,
deformations or displacements.
3.4 Every developer shall also appoint the following (if no such
person has been appointed by the builder) –
Act S8(2)
3.5 If any QP, builder, specialist builder, AC or AC(Geo)
appointed by the developer becomes unwilling to act or unable,
whether by reason of the termination of his appointment or for
any other reason, to carry out his respective duties under this Act,
then the developer shall —
(B) Notification
Act S8(3)
3.6 The developer of any building works shall notify the CBC of
any contravention of this Act or the building regulations relating
to those building works of which the developer knows or ought
reasonably to know.
38
Act S8(6)
3.7 The Act prescribes that it shall be a defence in any
prosecution for a contravention of paragraph 3.6 above for the
person charged to prove to the satisfaction of the court that he
did not know and could not reasonably have discovered the
contravention referred to in the charge.
39
CBC when they are aware of any contravention. If one of
these parties has notified the CBC of the contravention
immediately or within a reasonable time of the occurrence
of the contravention, and has also informed the other
parties of the notification, it may not be necessary for the
other parties to notify the CBC of the same contravention.
QUALIFIED PERSON
Act S9(1)
3.9 Each of the various QPs has similar duties under the Act,
albeit in respect of their respective roles in the building works (i.e.
architectural, structural or geotechnical aspects). The specific
duties under the Act are as follows:
Act S9(5)
3.11 Where the QP becomes unwilling or unable, whether by
reason of the termination of his appointment or for any other
reason, to carry out his duties under the Act, he shall, within 14
days of his ceasing to carry out his duties, notify the CBC and the
builder of those building works of that fact.
40
Act S9(12)
3.12 For a contravention of sub-paragraph 3.10(b) above, the
Act prescribes that it shall be a defence in any prosecution for
the person charged to prove to the satisfaction of the court that
he did not know and could not reasonably have discovered the
contravention referred to in the charge.
41
e) submit to the CBC at the prescribed times such reports and
certificates as may be prescribed in the building
regulations;
f) notify the CBC if the building works have been suspended
for a period of more than 3 months;
Act S10(1)
g) for any large building works, appoint the following QSS in
respect of the structural elements of the large building
works:
Act S10(2)
h) for any small-scale building works, appoint at least one
QSS, in respect of the critical structural elements of the
small-scale building works
Act S9(6)
i) if any QSS he appointed under paragraph (g) or (h) above
becomes unwilling or unable, whether by reason of the
termination of his appointment or for any other reason, to
carry out his (the qualified site supervisor’s) duties, appoint
another QSS in his place and within 7 days thereafter,
notify the CBC of that substitute appointment
Act S9(5)
j) where the QP becomes unwilling or unable, whether by
reason of the termination of his appointment or for any
other reason, to carry out his duties under the Act, the QP
shall, within 14 days of his ceasing to carry out his duties,
notify the CBC and the builder of those building works of
that fact.
Act S9(12)
3.14 For a contravention of sub-paragraph 3.13(c) above, the
Act prescribes that it shall be a defence in any prosecution for
the person charged to prove to the satisfaction of the court that
he did not know and could not reasonably have discovered the
contravention referred to in the charge.
42
QUALIFIED SITE SUPERVISOR
Act S10(5)
3.15 Every QSS works under the control and direction of the
Supervision QP who appointed him. The Act prescribes the
following duties on the QSS:
3.16 Every QSS shall take all reasonable steps and exercise due
diligence in giving –
Act S10(6)
3.17 If a QSS appointed in respect of any building works
becomes unwilling or unable, whether by reason of the
termination of his appointment or for any other reason, to carry
out his duties, the qualified site supervisor shall, within 7 days of his
ceasing to carry out such duties, notify the CBC of that fact.
BUILDER
Act S2(1)
Meaning of Builder
3.18 Under the Act, a "builder" means any person who
undertakes, whether exclusively or in conjunction with any other
business, to carry out any building works for his own account or
for or on behalf of another person (referred to in this definition as
“Party A”), but does not include any person who contracts with a
builder for the execution by that person of the whole or any part
of any building works undertaken by the builder for or on behalf
of Party A under a contract entered into by the builder with Party
A.
43
3.19 Essentially, a builder is anyone who undertakes to carry out
building works, either for his own purpose or for Party A (for
example. the developer) by way of a contract.
Duties of Builder
Act S11(1)
44
working under his direction to assist him (the builder) to
ensure that paragraph (a) above is complied with;
e) within 7 days of the completion of the building works,
certify that the building works have been carried out in
accordance with the provisions of this Act and the building
regulations and deliver that certificate to the CBC;
f) notify the CBC of the appointment and termination of
appointment of any specialist builder appointed by him
(the builder) in respect of any specialist building works
comprised in those same building works;
g) comply with such other duties as may be prescribed in the
building regulations; and
Act S11(8)
3.23 For a contravention of sub-paragraph 3.22(b) above, the
Act prescribes that it shall be a defence in any prosecution for
the builder charged to prove to the satisfaction of the court that
he did not know nor could reasonably have discovered the
contravention or non-compliance referred to in the charge.
45
person referred to in (a) above, to prepare the plans
relating to the geotechnical aspects of the
underground building works and
ii. a Supervision QP(Geo) who may or may not be the
same person referred to in (b) above, to supervise the
geotechnical aspects of the underground building
works.
SPECIALIST BUILDERS
Act S11(2)
3.26 The Act also prescribes duties for specialist builders acting
in the role of a sub-contractor for specialist building works. A
specialist builder undertaking any specialist building works shall —
Act S11(4)
d) where he becomes unwilling to act or unable, whether by
reason of the termination of his appointment or for any
other reason, to carry out his duties, within 14 days of his
ceasing to carry out his duties, notify the CBC of that fact.
46
Act S11(8)
3.27 For a contravention of paragraph (b) above, the Act
prescribes that it shall be a defence in any prosecution for the
specialist builder charged to prove to the satisfaction of the
court that he did not know nor could reasonably have
discovered the contravention or non-compliance referred to in
the charge.
ACCREDITED CHECKER
Act S18(1)
3.29 The duties of the AC are given in detail in the Building
Control (Accredited Checkers and Accredited Checking
Organisations) Regulations (see Chapter 4). Under the Act, the
specific duties for an AC and AC(Geo) are as follows:
***
47
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48
CHAPTER 4
ON ACCREDITED CHECKERS
4.1 ACs and AC(Geo)s are like privatized regulators under the
building control system. They are registered under the Building
Control Act and they have a duty to check respectively the
structural and geotechnical design prepared by QPs. This
chapter summarizes the provisions on ACs and AC(Geo)s under
the Act and building regulations.
49
practical experience (whether in Singapore or elsewhere)
prescribed for an AC, or the specialist qualifications and
the specialist practical experience (whether in Singapore
or elsewhere) prescribed for an AC(Geo), as the case may
be; and
c) he satisfies such other requirements as may be prescribed
for such registration or renewal.
Act S15(1)
4.6 The CBC may refuse to register, or to renew the registration
of, a person as an AC or AC(Geo) if, in the opinion of the CBC —
50
BCR (AC&ACO) R3(2)
4.9 Paragraph (e) shall not apply if the AC undertakes work as
an AC on behalf of an accredited checking organisation. In
such cases, the accredited checking organisation is required to
have the insurance coverage for professional liability.
51
ACCREDITED CHECKING ORGANISATIONS
Act S13(3) S15(3)
4.12 Where the value of building works is more than $15 million,
the Act prescribes that the role of checking shall only be
undertaken by an AC who is a director, partner, member or an
employee of an accredited checking organisation.
a) it is –
52
civil or structural engineering discipline; and
iii. not less than 2 other persons who are professional
engineers registered under the Professional Engineers
Act in the civil or structural engineering discipline or
who possess such qualifications as will entitle them to
be registered as professional engineers under that Act
in the civil or structural engineering discipline;
DETAILED DUTIES
4.16 The Building Control (Accredited Checkers and
Accredited Checking Organisations) Regulations prescribes
detailed duties for ACs, an AC(Geo)s and accredited checking
organisations. This section collates these duties for easy
reference.
4.18 An AC shall –
53
BCR (AC&ACO) R7(3)
d) notify the CBC of any contravention or non-compliance
with the provisions of the Act or any regulations in
connection with the structural design of any plans of
building works;
54
those plans;
c) in relation to any plans of underground building works
carry out the tasks set out in Schedule E;
55
BCR (AC&ACO) R9
b) with each of its directors where it is a corporation or with
every partner if it is a partnership, without delay submit to
the CBC a declaration that it has no professional or
financial interest in the building works.
***
56
CHAPTER 5
UNDERGROUND BUILDING
WORKS
57
Requirements for Underground Building Works
5.3 All requirements that apply to normal structural works
apply as well to underground building works. The additional
requirement for underground building works is that the
geotechnical aspects of these works are to be determined by a
geotechnical engineer, i.e. PE(Geo).
Act S8 S11
5.4 Where the building works comprise wholly or partly of any
underground building works, the following QP must be appointed
to undertake the following work:
Act S8
5.7 Where the building works comprise wholly or partly of any
underground building works, the developer has to appoint (in
addition to the AC) an AC(Geo) in respect of the geotechnical
aspects of those building works.
58
Duties of Qualified Person for Geotechnical Aspects
BCR R24A(1)
TABLE 5.1
BCR Seventh Schedule
59
appropriate;
g) design soil or rock reinforcement, where applicable,
including the consideration of the structural and
geotechnical capacity;
h) determine the instrumentation and monitoring of
geotechnical engineering parameters such as tunnel
face pressures, pore pressures, water table level,
ground deformation and stresses including the
consideration of location, type and number of
instruments, and frequency of monitoring and
reporting; and
i) assess monitoring results and site conditions to ensure
that the geotechnical aspects during construction are
within design assumptions and parameters at every
critical stage of construction, and review or modify the
design so as to ensure its adequacy as appropriate.
60
e) analyse the stability of the excavation work, taking into
consideration groundwater, drainage and seepage
conditions, basal heave, hydraulic uplift and piping,
and determine the ground stabilization or
improvement works as appropriate;
f) determine allowable limits of ground deformation and
changes in groundwater and piezometric levels, and
measures to control groundwater where required;
g) design tie-backs, soil or rock reinforcement, where
applicable, including the consideration of the
structural and geotechnical capacity;
h) ensure that drawings of the earth retaining structure,
including earth slopes, are consistent with the
calculations relating to the geotechnical aspects;
i) determine the instrumentation and monitoring of
geotechnical engineering parameters such as pore
pressures, water table levels, ground deformation and
stresses including the consideration of location, type
and number of instruments, and frequency of
monitoring and reporting; and
j) assess monitoring results and site conditions to ensure
that the geotechnical aspects during construction are
within design assumptions and parameters at every
critical stage of construction, and review or modify the
design so as to ensure its adequacy as appropriate.
61
and pile lateral geotechnical capacity, for the
design of the foundation taking into consideration
the onerous water conditions, seepage pressures,
and loads from surcharge, earth, water and
construction;
(iii) determine and adopt appropriate method or
model for the analysis and design including the
consideration of drained, undrained and
consolidation analyses, and appropriate drainage
conditions;
(iv) determine suitability of the foundation type and the
method of construction;
(v) where applicable, determine and analyse the
negative shaft friction;
(vi) ensure that the drawings of the foundation are
consistent with the calculations relating to the
geotechnical aspects;
(vii) analyse the stability of excavation for the caisson or
raft during construction taking into consideration
groundwater, drainage and seepage conditions,
basal heave, hydraulic uplift and piping, and
determine the ground stabilization or improvement
works as appropriate;
(viii) analyse the forces and deformation of the raft or
pile-raft foundation and stability of the foundation
including the consideration of short-term and long-
term conditions;
(ix) determine the number, location and types of load
tests, analyse the results of load tests; or
62
friction or downdrag, pile shaft friction, founding
depth, pile base resistance, pile group effects,
settlement, bearing capacity, and where
applicable, lateral geotechnical capacity; and
(iii) determine the load tests and analyse results of load
tests to ensure that the pile shaft friction, founding
depth, base resistance, pile movement, and other
appropriate geotechnical parameters are within
the design, and as appropriate, review or modify
the design so as to ensure its adequacy.
TABLE 5.2
BCR Eight Schedule
63
critical stage.
64
(b) where jacked-in piles or driven piles or bored cast in-
place piles or barrettes are adopted —
BCR R10A(2)
5.13 All plans of underground building works shall –
65
summary of the key design and construction information
including, where applicable, load conditions, codes of
practice, assumptions, earth-retaining system, tunnel
support system, foundation system, and other information
relevant to the design and construction in question;
f) be accompanied by impact assessment report on
neighbouring structures and site investigation report;
g) be accompanied by a geotechnical report which shall
contain:
5.14 The plans of tunnel support system for the design and
construction of tunnel with diameter, width or height of more
than 2 metres, shall contain where applicable –
66
for ensuring stability of tunnel during construction;
iv. location of planned stoppages and necessary ground
improvement and monitoring details, and
v. profile and the nature of the site and its surrounds
including ground topography, neighbouring
structures, subsurface geological and geotechnical
data, and groundwater conditions;
5.15 The excavation and earth retaining system plans for any
excavation or any building works for constructing, altering or
repairing any earth retaining structure (including slope) in or for a
caisson, cofferdam, trench, ditch, shaft or well for supporting
earth which has a depth of more than 6 metres shall contain
where applicable –
67
ii. maximum depth, and extent of excavation at each
stage, and
iii. profile and the nature of the site and its surrounds
including ground topography, neighbouring
structures, subsurface geological and geotechnical
data, and groundwater conditions;
68
a) the layout, sections and details of all foundation works
showing –
69
Examples of Underground Building Works
5.18 The following are examples to illustrate what are regarded
as underground building works.
70
FIGURE 5.3 Example A3
71
(B) EXCAVATION WORKS: RETAINING WALLS
72
FIGURE 5.7 Example B3 (BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION)
73
FIGURE 5.9 Example B5: (CONSTRUCTION OF BASEMENT
STRUCTURES)
74
FIGURE 5.11 Example C2 (SEWER PIPE)
75
(D) EARTH FILLING WORKS
76
FIGURE 5.15 Example E2 (CUT AND COVER TUNNEL)
77
(F) FOUNDATION WORKS
78
(G) MISCELLANEOUS
Underground water pipes, gas pipes and electrical cables are not
building works and excavations made for laying these pipes and
cables do not require submission under the Building Control Act.
***
79
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80
CHAPTER 6
LICENSING OF BUILDERS
New Definitions
6.2 There are new definitions introduced to the Act and
Regulations solely for the provisions on licensing of builders. The
following are the new definitions and their meanings:
applicant
This term, when used in relation to an application for a
licence, means the person who will be the holder of
the licence if the application is granted
approved person
An “approved person” is the person who is appointed
to be in charge of and directs the management of the
business relating to the general building works or
specialist building works of the builder
builder
The term can mean either a general builder or a
specialist builder
Commissioner
The term “Commissioner”, when used, refers to the
81
Definitions used in builder’s licensing
Commissioner of Building Control
construction-related field
This term is used in describing qualifications that the
builder’s key personnel have to possess. The following
are considered as construction-related fields:
architecture, civil, structural, mechanical or electrical
engineering, construction or project management,
quantity surveying, building science. facilities or estate
management
corporation
The meaning of “corporation” does not include a
limited liability partnership
holder
The holder of a licence means the person to whom the
licence is granted
licence
The term refers to any of the following licences granted
under Part VA of the Act:
82
Definitions used in builder’s licensing
required to be checked by an accredited
checker);
b) structural steelwork comprising fabrication and
erection work for structures with a cantilever length
of not more than 3 metres, a clear span of less than
6 metres and a plan area not exceeding 150
square metres, and
c) pre-cast concrete work comprising casting of pre-
cast reinforced concrete slabs or planks on site.
partnership
A partnership includes a limited liability partnership
recognised institution
This term, when used to describe the acceptable
qualifications (degree) to be possessed by the
builder’s key personnel for the purposes of licensing,
refers to the following institutions –
register
This term means the register of licensed builders
required to be kept under section 29D of the Act
technical controller
A “technical controller” is the person who is appointed
to personally supervise the execution and
performance of any general building works or
specialist building works undertaken by the builder
83
works for or on behalf of another person for a fixed sum,
percentage, or valuable consideration, or reward other
than wages, but not if the person carries out, or undertakes
to carry out, general building works only as a sub-
contractor. It is not mandatory for a sub-contractor doing
general building works for a licenced builder to have a
licence.
b) a licence is applicable to any person who carries on the
business of a specialist builder if the person carries out, or
undertakes to carry out, (whether exclusively or in
conjunction with any other business) any specialist building
works for or on behalf of another person for a fixed sum,
percentage, or valuable consideration, or reward other
than wages. Note that it is mandatory for a sub-contractor
doing specialist building works for a licenced builder to
have a specialist licence.
c) where a licence is applicable, it is applicable regardless of
whether the person who carries out the general building
works or specialist building works carries it out personally, or
directly or indirectly causes it to be carried out.
d) a licence is applicable to any person carrying on the
business of a general builder or specialist builder if he
carries out general building works or specialist building
works, as the case may be, on or in respect of a building
for himself.
e) a person undertakes to carry out general building works or
specialist building works if that person enters into a
contract to carry it out or submits a tender or makes an
offer to carry it out.
6.4 The Act makes the following prohibitions and any person
who contravenes these prohibitions shall be guilty of an offence:
84
may be, “licensed specialist builder”, or any name, title or
description calculated to lead others to believe he is so
licensed, or by words or conduct hold himself out as being
so licensed unless he is in possession of a general builder’s
licence and a specialist builder’s licence, respectively.
Non-Entitlement to Remuneration
Act S29B(4)
Winding Up
Act S29B(5)
85
Classes of Builder’s Licence
Act S29C(1)
86
engagement in order to enable a Class 2 general builder
to qualify himself for carrying out those building works).
87
Class of Description of Specialist Building Works
Licence Permitted To Be Carried Out By Holder
loading tests, pressure meter tests,
penetration tests, vane shear tests, probing
tests, permeability tests, geological mapping
and geophysical surveys, and installation
and monitoring of instruments measuring
forces, deformation, displacements, pore
and earth pressures, and ground-water
levels.
Natural Persons
Act S29F(1), S29F(5)
88
b) he satisfies the Commissioner that he is a person of good
character, and that he intends to carry on the business on
his own account
c) he —
Partnerships
Act S29F(2), S29F(5)
89
a) at least one partner satisfies the Commissioner that he
meets the requirements stated above for a natural person
b) the applicant satisfies the Commissioner that the
management of the business of the partnership in so far it
relates to general building works in Singapore shall at all
times be under the charge and direction of a partner of
the partnership who –
6.17 Paragraphs (b) and (c) above refer to requirements for the
‘approved person’ and ‘technical controller’ respectively. For
more details, see the respective sections later in this chapter on
‘Approved Persons’ and “Technical Controller’.
Corporations
Act S29F(3)
90
a) it has paid the prescribed fees for such licence
b) it is neither a company limited by guarantee nor a
corporation sole
c) the paid-up capital of the corporation is –
91
who satisfies the Commissioner that he has the prescribed
qualifications and prescribed practical experience.
6.20 Paragraphs (e) and (f) above refer to requirements for the
‘approved person’ and ‘technical controller’ respectively. For
more details, see the respective sections later in this chapter on
‘Approved Persons’ and “Technical Controller’.
Natural Persons
Act S29G(1)
92
d) he satisfies the Commissioner that the execution and
performance of any specialist building works in Singapore
that he undertakes shall be under –
6.23 Paragraphs (c) and (d) above refer to requirements for the
‘approved person’ and ‘technical controller’ respectively. For
more details, see the respective sections later in this chapter on
‘Approved Persons’ and “Technical Controller’.
Partnerships
Act S29G(2)
93
c) the applicant satisfies the Commissioner that the execution
and performance of that class of specialist building works
in Singapore undertaken by the partnership shall be under
the personal supervision of –
6.25 Paragraphs (b) and (c) above refer to requirements for the
‘approved person’ and ‘technical controller’ respectively. For
more details, see the respective sections later in this chapter on
‘Approved Persons’ and “Technical Controller’.
Corporations
Act S29G(3)
94
ii. although not having the prescribed qualifications and
prescribed practical experience, satisfies the
Commissioner that he has nevertheless had such
practical experience for that class of specialist
building works as to render him, in the opinion of the
Commissioner, competent to manage the business of
a specialist builder in Singapore for that class of
specialist building works and
6.27 Paragraphs (e) and (f) above refer to requirements for the
‘approved person’ and ‘technical controller’ respectively. For
more details, see the respective sections later in this chapter on
‘Approved Persons’ and “Technical Controller’.
95
6.30 Details on CoreTrade can be obtained from a BCA
publication called “A Guidebook on CoreTrade: Registration and
Deployment Requirements and Procedures”.
APPROVED PERSON
6.31 Every licensed builder is required to have an ‘approved
person’, who will take charge and direct the management of
the business of the builder in so far as it relates to the building
works in Singapore. The approved person is required to have the
following training and practical experience.
96
License Training And Practical Experience
97
License Training And Practical Experience
Builders” and
b) he has obtained at least 8 years (in aggregate)
of practical experience in the execution of
construction projects in Singapore.
98
Ceasing to be Approved Person
BCR (LOB) R16
6.35 If, for any reason, any approved person for a holder of a
builder’s licence becomes unwilling or unable to carry out his
duties, the holder of the licence concerned shall notify the
Commissioner in writing of the person ceasing to carry out those
duties within 28 days after such cessation. Failing to do so is
prescribed as an offence under the Building Control (Licensing of
Builders) Regulations.
TECHNICAL CONTROLLER
6.36 Every licensed builder is required to have no fewer than
one ‘technical controller’, who is a person appointed to
supervise the execution and performance of any building works
undertaken by the builder. The builder has to appoint an
adequate number of technical controllers to ensure that all the
building works he undertakes are supervised by a technical
controller.
99
BCR (LOB) Part II Second Schedule
100
a) has not acted as an approved person or the technical
controller of a builder whose licence has been revoked in
the 12 months preceding the date of the application and
b) is not acting, and for so long as he is the technical
controller for the applicant that he does not intend to act,
as a technical controller for any other holder of a licence.
6.40 If, for any reason, any technical controller for a holder of a
builder’s licence becomes unwilling or unable to carry out his
duties, the holder of the licence concerned shall notify the
Commissioner in writing of the person ceasing to carry out those
duties within 28 days after such cessation. Failing to do so is
prescribed as an offence under the Building Control (Licensing of
Builders) Regulations.
***
101
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102
GLOSSARY
Act S2(1)
There are new definitions in the Building Control (Amendment)
Act 2007. Many of them are connected with the new provisions
introduced in the Act, like licensing of builders and requirements
for underground building works. Some are to make the meanings
of the terms used in the Act clearer. This chapter elaborates on
the meanings of these definitions.
builder’s licence
One of the new provisions in the Act is that builders
have to be licensed to carry out building works. The
builder’s license is granted under Part VA of the Act.
There are two types of licence: the general builder’s
licence and the specialist builder’s licence. Details on
licensing of builders can be found in Chapter 6.
building
The Act elaborates on the term ‘building’ because the
provisions apply to more than the common meaning of
a building. Under the Act, the term refers to any
permanent or temporary building or structure and it
includes the following:
a) a hut, shed or roofed enclosure
b) an earth retaining or stabilizing structure, whether
permanent or temporary (this includes the
temporary earth-retaining structures used to
support the sides of any excavation)
c) a dock, wharf or jetty
103
d) a floating structure, not being a boat or vessel,
constructed or to be constructed on a flotation
system that –
i. is or is to be supported by water
ii. is not intended for or useable in navigation
(boats or vessels used for navigation come
under the Maritime and Port Authority) and
iii. is or is to be permanently moored
e) a culvert, crossing, bridge, underpass or tunnel
f) a sewage treatment plant, sewer, drain, swimming
pool or any non-proprietary type of concrete tank
for the storage of any solid, liquid or gaseous product
g) a shelter provided under the Civil Defence Shelter
Act (Cap. 42A)
h) such other erection or structure (whether permanent
or temporary) as the Minister may, by order
published in the Gazette, declare to be a building.
building works
The provisions in the Act apply to building works and the
term refers to all of the following:
a) the erection, extension or demolition of a building
b) the alteration, addition or repair of a building
c) the provision, extension or alteration of any air-
conditioning service or ventilating system in or in
connection with a building
and includes site formation works connected with or
carried out for the purpose of (a), (b) or (c) above.
developer
A developer, in relation to any building works, means
the person for whom or on whose behalf the building
works are carried out. It includes a housing developer as
defined in the Housing Developers (Control and
Licensing) Act as well as a home owner who –
a) builds on his own, or engages others to build, any
building for his own use or for any other purposes
and
b) carries out, or engages others to carry out, any
building works.
104
earth retaining structure
This term refers to any structure, structural system or
other means used to maintain the shape of an
excavation in the ground during construction, earth
filling or cutting. It includes all earth retaining structures,
whether the structure is to be removed after
construction or left in place as part of a permanent
structure.
geotechnical aspects
For underground building works, there are special
requirements relating to the geotechnical aspects of
the works. The Act defines the term to mean:
a) an analysis of the geological structure and earth
materials of the site of the underground building
works and its influence on the underground
building works
b) an analysis of the groundwater regime and its
influence on the wall stability and integrity of the
underground building works over time and
c) such other applications of earth sciences to and
engineering aspects of the underground building
works as may be prescribed.
See Chapter 5 for details on these works.
geotechnical engineer
In the Act, this term refers to a professional engineer
who is registered under the Professional Engineers Act
(Cap. 253) as a specialist professional engineer in the
specialized branch of geotechnical engineering. He is
commonly referred to as the PE (Geo) by the industry.
105
key structural elements
This term refers to the foundations, columns, beams,
shear cores, structural walls, struts, ground anchors and
such other parts of a building which are essential for its
support and overall structural stability.
106
person responsible
This term is used in the Act in relation to an exterior
feature of a building. It generally means the owner of
the building which the exterior feature is installed on,
forms part of or projects outwards from. Exceptions to
this general meaning are summarized in Table below.
107
qualified site supervisor
This term refers to a person appointed (whether alone or
as a member of a team of qualified site supervisors) to
act as a qualified site supervisor under section 10 of the
Act.
specialist builder
The term refers to any person who is licensed as a
specialist builder under Part VA of the Act. There are six
types of specialist building works. Each type can only be
carried out by a specialist builder licensed in that
particular specialist work.
108
(2) Ground Support and Stabilization Works
Specialist building works that include installation and
testing of ground anchors, soil nails, rock bolts,
ground treatment like chemical grouting and jet-
grouting, reinforced-earth, shotcreting and tunnel
supports.
structural elements
This term refers to those parts or elements of a building
that resist forces and moments, and includes
foundations, beams, columns, shear cores, structural
walls, struts, ground anchors, slabs, trusses, staircases,
load bearing walls and all other elements designed to
resist forces and moments. The term specifically
excludes doors, windows and non-load bearing walls.
109
temporary building
A temporary building is any building or structure that is:
a) constructed of short-lived materials, or
b) permitted by the competent authority or
Commissioner of Building Control to be used for a
period not exceeding 36 months, or such other
period as may be prescribed (if prescribed) in the
building regulations.
The Act specifically excludes from this definition any
bridge, decking for a bridge, or any earth retaining
structure.
Building works for a temporary building, and its
occupation, are exempted from Part II of the Act.
Instead, the construction and occupation of a
temporary building need to comply only with the
Building Control (Temporary Buildings) Regulations,
which involves applying for a permit to erect a
temporary building.
110
value of building works
This term has different meanings for two types of
building works as follows:
a) for underground building works, the value is the
total cost to be expended in carrying out those
underground building works, estimated at the time
of, and contained in, the application under section
5 of the Act for approval of the plans of those
building works, including any goods and services
tax payable in relation to the supply of the work.
b) for any other building works, the value is the total
cost to be expended in carrying out the building
works (including the foundations, basements,
structural frame, finishes and the installation of
building services) estimated at the time of, and
contained in, the application under section 5 of
the Act for approval of the plans of the building
works, including any goods and services tax
payable in relation to the supply of the work.
Essentially, the term refers to the estimated total cost to
be expended in carrying out the building works in
question. In the case where only underground building
works are considered, then the estimated cost is limited
to that cost required for carrying out the underground
building works alone.
This term is relevant as a measure for compliance to
several provisions in the Act, such as appointment of
accredited checkers and accredited checking
organisations, and fixing the minimum number of
qualified site supervisors required in the supervision
team.
EXAMPLE
As an example, the value of building works is used to
compute the minimum number of qualified site
supervisors a qualified person or QP has to appoint for
the structural works under his charge.
Let’s take a case of a building project where the total
cost is, say $100 million, inclusive of the total cost of the
underground building works of $30 million. If a qualified
person is appointed for all aspects (i.e. the structural as
111
well as the geotechnical aspects) of the underground
building works, the geotechnical QP will appoint
qualified site supervisors based on the value of $30
million for the underground building works. The qualified
person appointed for the rest of the structural works will
appoint qualified site supervisors based on $70 million.
If two qualified persons are appointed for the
underground building works, i.e. one for the structural
aspects and another for the geotechnical aspects, the
$30 million value of the underground building works will
have to be appropriately apportioned between them
to compute their respective number of qualified site
supervisors to appoint.
The example is based on the arrangement that the
various QPs wishes to make their own appointments of
qualified site supervisors. However, the Commissioner of
Building Control will deem that the supervision team
requirements are complied with if the prescribed
number of qualified site supervisors based on the total
cost of the building works has been appointed and the
supervision of the various relevant aspects of the
building works are done by the appointed team. This
means that as long as the supervision team based on
the total value of works has been appointed, all aspects
of the works in the project may be supervised by this
team, even though there may be different QPs for
various aspects of the building works in the project.
***
112
SCHEDULES
SCHEDULE A
INSIGNIFICANT BUILDING WORKS
The First Schedule of the Building Control Regulations
113
SCHEDULE A
(l) any concrete or brick vault used for housing
underground tanks
(m) any plinth, platform or other base with a visible
height not exceeding 1,000 mm from the ground
level and erected for the purpose of supporting
any mechanical plant, tank, equipment,
machinery or other components (other than a
building)
(n) the enclosing of a balcony, yard or terrace with
windows and glass panels in residential buildings
(o) the creation of any opening in a non-load
bearing wall or the sealing up of any wall
opening, or
(p) the demolition, restoration or reinstatement of
any non-load bearing wall
(q) any retaining wall or earth retaining structure that
is constructed with structural steel or reinforced
concrete and with a visible height of not more
than 1,500 millimetres, or any other retaining wall
or earth retaining structure with a visible height of
not more than 1,000 millimetres
(r) any retaining wall or earth-retaining structure for
supporting the face of an excavation made for
the purpose of constructing any pile cap,
footing, sump, lift pit or trench, provided that the
size of the pile cap, footing, sump, lift pit or
trench does not exceed 10 square metres in area
and 2 metres in depth.
2. Replacement or changing of windows and doors
3. Replacement of existing floor and wall finishes
4. Replacement or changing of any false ceiling with
lightweight material
5. One to one replacement of timber roof and roof
covering
6. Erection or alteration of —
(a) any partition or partition wall in any bungalow,
semi-detached, terrace or linked house, or
114
SCHEDULE A
(b) any partition or partition wall constructed of
lightweight material in any other building
7. Construction of any raised floor or the topping up of
balconies, and the like, with lightweight materials
8. Erection of any single storey detached booth, kiosk,
guardhouse, bin centre, and the like, not exceeding an
area of 10 square metres
9. Installation of any roller shutter or grilled door
10. Erection of any single storey lean-to extension with roof
covering of glazed or clay tiles, or of any lighter
material, in any bungalow, semi-detached, terrace or
linked house, subject to compliance with building set-
back and area of coverage requirements under the
Planning Act (Cap. 232)
11. Erection of any single storey shed or hut not exceeding
an area of 10 square metres for housing fuel tanks,
mechanical or electrical equipment
12. All air-conditioning works
13. Nothing in this Schedule shall exempt any person from
complying with the requirements of any other written
law
14. In this Schedule —
"lightweight material" means —
(a) any sheet or board material such as timber board,
plywood, fibreboard, plasterboard, aluminium
sheet, corrugated metal sheet or polycarbonate
sheet
(b) any concrete product made with lightweight
aggregates such as pumice, perlite or vermiculite,
or
(c) any hollow concrete block, hollow glass block,
autoclaved aerated concrete block and the like
"non-load bearing wall" means a wall which supports
no load other than its own weight
"partition" means a temporary or easily removable
vertical panel of lightweight construction for the
subdivision of spaces within a building.
115
SCHEDULE B
MINOR BUILDING WORKS
The Fourth Schedule of the Building Control Regulations
116
SCHEDULE C
SCOPE OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
The Third Schedule of the Building Control Regulations
PART I
(a) Airport runways, taxiways and aprons
(b) Bridges, causeways, tunnels and underpasses
(c) Bulk handling complexes
(d) Chimneys
(e) Claddings and curtain walls
(f) Crane gantries
(g) Concrete tanks
(h) Culverts
(i) Dry docks, jetties, quays, slipways, harbours, wharves
and marine structures
(j) Retaining wall and stabilizing earth structures
(k) Site formation works, foundations and plinths
(l) Transmission towers
PART II
(a) Alterations, additions and extensions to detached, semi-
detached and terraced houses
(b) Alterations and additions within existing buildings which do
117
SCHEDULE C
not affect the building envelope
(c) Bus depots and train depots
(d) Cable car stations and towers
(e) Electric substations
(f) Power stations
(g) Grandstands and sports stadium
(h) Helicopter ports
(i) Industrial buildings
(j) Marinas
(k) Petrol service stations
(l) Pumping stations
(m) Satellite tracking stations
(n) Shipyards
(o) Silos
(p) Swimming pools
(q) Warehouses and godowns
(r) Pedestrian overhead bridges
(s) Farm structures
118
SCHEDULE D
TASKS THAT MUST BE CARRIED OUT BY
ACCREDITED CHECKERS
The Second Schedule of the Building Control (Accredited and
Accredited Checking Organisations) Regulations
119
SCHEDULE D
pressure and water pressure
k) analyse all columns and vertical key structural
elements, including considerations for axial loads,
lateral loads and bending moments
l) analyse all long span steel trusses and long span
beams, including considerations for lateral stability
and torsional capacity
m) analyse all transfer beams, including considerations
for torsional capacity, lateral stability and the effects
of the structural frames to which they are
connected
n) analyse all joint connections, including connections
between structural elements and between the
structural element and its supports
o) check the structural detailing in drawings and
ensure that these are consistent with the design
calculations and
p) determine the adequacy of other aspects of the
design which are peculiar to the building to be
erected or affected by the building works and
which are essential to the structural integrity of the
building.
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SCHEDULE E
TASKS THAT MUST BE CARRIED OUT BY SPECIALIST
ACCREDITED CHECKERS
The Third Schedule of the Building Control (Accredited and
Accredited Checking Organisations) Regulations
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SCHEDULE E
monitoring of geotechnical engineering
parameters (such as tunnel face pressures, pore
pressures, water table level, ground deformation
and stresses), including the consideration of
location, type and number of instruments, and
frequency of monitoring and reporting; and
(ix) review the instrumentation and monitoring results,
and performance, and ground conditions at the
site to ensure that there is no inadequacy in the
geotechnical aspects during construction if carried
out in accordance with the plans of the
underground building works;
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SCHEDULE E
changes in groundwater and piezometric levels,
and measures to control groundwater where
required;
(xvi) review the design of tie-backs, soil or rock
reinforcement, where applicable, including the
consideration of the structural and geotechnical
capacity;
(xvii) review the instrumentation and monitoring of
geotechnical engineering parameters (such as
pore pressures, water table levels, ground
deformation and stresses), including the
consideration of location, type and number of
instruments, and frequency of monitoring and
reporting;
(xviii) review the instrumentation and monitoring results
and performance of the earth retaining structure
(including any earth slope), and ground conditions
at the site to ensure that there is no inadequacy in
the geotechnical aspects during construction if
carried out in accordance with the plans of the
underground building works; and
(xix) review the adequacy of the founding or
penetration depth of any embedded earth-
retaining wall;
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SCHEDULE E
surcharge, earth, water and construction;
(C) review the method or model adopted for the analysis
and design, including the consideration of drained,
undrained and consolidation analyses, and appropriate
drainage conditions;
(D) review the adequacy of the foundation type and the
method of construction to be applied;
(E) where applicable, review the negative shaft friction;
(F) review the stability of excavation for the caisson or raft
during construction, taking into consideration
groundwater, drainage and seepage conditions, basal
heave, hydraulic uplift and piping, and any ground
stabilization or improvement works as appropriate;
(G) review the forces and deformation of the raft or pile-raft
foundation and stability of the foundation, including the
consideration of short-term and long-term conditions;
(H) review the results of load tests to ensure that pile shaft
friction, base resistance, pile movement and other
appropriate geotechnical parameters are consistent
with the design;
(I) review allowable limits for foundation movement;
(J) review the adequacy of the founding or penetration
depth to ensure that the geotechnical aspects are
within the design; and
(K) review the ground conditions at site and test results for
the design and construction of the caisson, raft or piled-
raft foundation to ensure that there is no inadequacy in
the geotechnical aspects if carried out in accordance
with the plans of the underground building works;
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SCHEDULE E
group effects, settlement, bearing capacity, and where
applicable, lateral geotechnical capacity;
(C) review the load tests results to ensure that the pile shaft
friction, founding depth, base resistance, pile
movement, and other appropriate geotechnical
parameters are within the design;
(D) review the adequacy of founding or penetration depth
of piles; and
(E) review the ground conditions at site and test results for
the design and construction of the piled foundation with
a view to determining whether there is any inadequacy
in the geotechnical aspects if carried out in
accordance with the plans of the underground building
works.
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