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Usage in Code_Aster
Example
Documentation
u : u U d
Loads
Fixed loads : F0, f0
Limit loads (continuation) : F, f
Resistance criteria
Von Mises criteria for a rigid-plastic material
f0 f
g J y 3 . D . D y
2
f : .n F0 F
2
. 1 2 2 3 1 3 y
2 2 2
2
y Yield limit
D Deviatoric stress
Definition
The limit load of the structure is the highest value satisfying the following equation :
lim sup \ g ( F0 F , f0 f ) 0 points de la structure
0
Indicator function
Sup . G ( )
IR 6
Support function
0 ,si x Gx
G x
,si x Gx
Property
lim Inf1 S e v
The limit load obtained by the kinematic approach satisfies : V
v a
Example (1D)
Indicator function F
Sup . G ( ) y
IR 6
Cantilever beam (Cross-section S,
Power Young modulus E, length L)
v ( L) subjected to tension (no fixed loads)
Se v (v ) d y d y SL y S v( L)
L Yield limit : y
Numerical application
The power function is
non-differentiable
The Norton-Hoff-Friaâ regularization
is used
One substitutes the indicator function
k1 m
with NH m
m
where 1 m 2 is a regularization
parameter
k1 m
S em v v d L0 ( v )
m
such that m
Example (1D)
Where the regularized function Sem(v) is differentiable
lim lim S em u m
m1
Note : since the material properties and the loading direction are fixed, the upper-bound obtained in the
D _ PLAN lim
kinematical approach in plane strain is higher than the exact limit load for plane stress
C _ PLAN
Mesh
Only second order meshes support finite elements taking into account
incompressibility
Incompressibility
A linear relation must be added for the swelling
INCOMP = AFFE_CHAR_MECA(MODELE = MO,
DDL_IMPO = _F(GROUP_NO = 'SOMMETS', A group of nodes that may be
GONF = 0) created with
) DEFI_GROUP
CREA_GROUP_NO
CRIT_NOEUD=‘SOMMET’
Material properties
An elastic perfectly plastic material following Von Mises criteria must be assigned
MATPLAQ=DEFI_MATERIAU( ECRO_LINE=_F(SY=100,
D_SIGM_EPSI = 0)
)
Loadings
The loads supported in the limit analysis are : forces, surfacic and volumic loads
When m1, the material behaviour tends to be rigid and perfectly plastic
One usually begins with a constant time step between 1 and 2 then gradually
increase the instant towards 3 to refine the estimation (convergence is slower)
Calculation
RESU1=STAT_NON_LINE(MODELE = MO,
CHAM_MATER = CHMAT, Load to be used for the
EXCIT = (_F(CHARGE = CONDLIM), limit analysis
_F(CHARGE = INCOMP),
_F(CHARGE = CH1, TYPE_CHARGE = 'FIXE_PILO'),), Continuation method
PILOTAGE = _F(TYPE = 'ANA_LIM'), dedicated to limit analysis
COMP_INCR = _F( RELATION = 'NORTON_HOFF'),
INCREMENT = _F(LIST_INST = L_INST,SUBD_METHODE='UNIFORME',),) Norton-Hoff
constitutive law
11 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence
Practical use in Code_Aster (4)
Post-processing
The limit load is retrieved in a table using POST_ELEM operator
ECHL1=POST_ELEM(CHAR_LIMITE=_F(CHAR_CSTE= /'OUI‘ Specifies whether there were
/‘NON',), any fixed loads or not
RESULTAT=RESU1,);
Test-case SSNV146
Geometry : axisymmetric tank (2mm thickness, 49mm internal radius)
Load : internal pressure (1 MPa)
Yield limit : 100 MPa
Pressure in a tank
5
4
Limit load
3 CHAR_LIMI_SUP
F_sup (MPa) (MPa)
2 CHAR_LIMI_ESTIM
F_inf (MPa) (MPa)
1
0
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71
n param eter (Norton-
Hoff)
CHAR_LIMI_ESTIM m
Ecart (%)
INST CHAR_LIMI_SUP m
A mesh refinement may be needed to reach higher m values and further improve the
convergence between CHAR_LIMI_SUP and CHAR_LIMI_ESTIM
Must-read
How-to conduct a limit load analysis [U2.05.04]
User manual
STAT_NON_LINE [U4.51.03] and POST_ELEM [U4.81.22]
Theory manual
Limit load analysis with Norton-Hoff-Friaâ method [R7.07.01]
Test-cases
SSNV124 [V6.04.124]
SSNV146 [V6.04.146]