11

English

MODULE 5
 Preparing a Bibliography
English – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 5: Preparing a Bibliography

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Rowena A. Patindol, Eleonor J. Ytac, Geraldine M. Cruz
Editors: PSDS Altagracia F. Gonzales, Haidee L. Madriñan
Reviewers: Nancy J. Alaska
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Name of Regional Director
Name of CLMD Chief
Name of Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS
Name of Regional ADM Coordinator
Name of CID Chief: Aurelia B. Marquez
Name of Division EPS In Charge of LRMS
Name of Division ADM Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Schools Division of Palawan

Office Address: ____________________________________________

____________________________________________
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
 MODULE
GRADE-11 (Week 6)
Learning Outcomes:

Acknowledge sources by preparing a bibliography.

Topic: PREPARING A BIBLIOGRAPHY

Remember this:

Part of your responsibility as a student is to comply with a writing assignment. Any written
report, especially an informative essay and writing a research paper must cite the sources of your data.
One way to cite sources is to list them in a bibliography

A bibliography is a list of books, magazines, articles, speeches, private records, diaries,

interviews, websites and other sources you use when researching a topic and writing a paper. The
bibliography appears at the end.

The term cite and refer (or citation and referencing) are often used to same thing since to cite a
piece of work is to provide a reference to its source.

Why is a bibliography and referencing important?

 Preparing bibliographies help researchers keep track of the sources they consulted or cited for
their written material and give readers a framework of how the writers’ arguments were
formed.
 Referencing allows you to acknowledge the contribution of other writers and researcher in your
work.
 Referencing is also a way to give credit to the writers from whom you have borrowed words and
ideas.
 Give credit whenever you use:
1. Another person’s idea opinion or theory.
2. Any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings- any pieces of information- that are not common
knowledge.
3. Quotations of another person’s spoken or written words.
4. Paraphrases of another person’s spoken or written words.

STYLES IN WRITING BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. APA (American Psychological Association) style is the most commonly used to cite sources
within the social sciences.
 Study some rules in referencing based on the American Psychological Association (APA)
Guidelines.
Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information
necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each
source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the
reference list must be cited in your text.
Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay, label
this page “References” centered at the top of the page (do NOT boldface, underline, or use
quotation marks for the title). All texts, should be double-spaced, underline, or used quotation
marks for the title). All texts, should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.

Take a look
and

BASIC RULES

 All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half
inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indention.
 Author’s names are inverted (last name first); give the last names and initials for all authors
of a particular work for up to and including seven authors. If the work has more than seven
authors, list the first six authors and then use ellipses after the sixth author’s name. After the
ellipses, list the last author’s name of the work.
 Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.
 For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list the entries in
chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
 Present the journal title in full.
 Maintain the punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title.
For example: ReCALL not RECALL or Knowledge Management Research & Practice
not Knowledge Management Research and Practice.
 Capitalize all major words in journal titles.
 When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the
first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper
nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word.
 Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals.
 Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journal
articles or essays in edited collections.

Below are standard formats and examples for basic bibliographic information recommended by
the American Psychological Association (APA).

Format Format Examples

Examples
Books Author’s last name, first Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing Wildlife of North
initial. (Publication date). America. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic
Book title. Additional Society.
 information. City of
publication: Publishing Boorstin, D. (1992). The Creators: A History of
company. the Heroes of the Imagination. New York:
Random House.
Encyclopedia Author’s last name, first Bergmann, P.G. (1993). Relativity. In The New
& Dictionary initial. (Date). Title of Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508).
Article. Title of Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Encyclopedia (Volume,
pages). City of Merriam-Webste’s Collegiate Dictionary (10th
publication: Publishing ed). (1993). Springfield, MA: Meriam-Webster.
company.
Pettingill, O.S., Jr. (1980). Falcon and Falconry.
World Book Encyclopedia. (pp. 150-155).
Chicago: World Book
Magazine & Author’s last name, first Harlow, H.F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing
Newspaper initials. (Publication psychology journal articles. Journal of
Articles date). Article title. Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55,
Periodical title, volume 893-896.
number (issue number if
available), inclusive
pages. Henry, W.A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the
grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
Note: Do not enclose the
title in quotation marks. Kalette, D. (1986, July 21). California town
Put a period after the title. counts town to big quake. USA Today, 9, p. A1.
If a periodical includes a
volume number, italicize
it and then give the page
range (in regular type)
without “pp.”. If the
periodical does not use
volume numbers, as in
newspapers, use p. or pp.
for page numbers.

Note: Unlike other

periodicals, p. or pp.
precedes page numbers
for a newspaper reference
in APA style.
Website or Online Periodical: Devitt, T. (2001, August 2). Lightning injures four
Webpage Author’s name (Date of at music festival. The Why? Files. Retrieved
Publication). Title of January 23, 2002, from
article. Title of http://whyfiles.org/137lightning/index.html.
Periodical, volume
number, Retrieved month
day, year, from full URL Dove, R. (1998). Lady freedom among us. The
Electronic Text Center. Retrieved June 19, 1998,
Online document: from Alderman Library, University of Virginia
Author’s name. (Date of website:
Publication). Title of http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/afam.html.
Work. Retrieved month
 day, year, from full URL
GVU’s 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved
Note: When citing August 8, 2000, from
Internet sources, refer to http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/survey
the specific website 1997-10/
document is undated, use
“n.d.” (for no date)
immediately after the Health Canada. (2002, February.). The Safety of
document title. Break a Genetically Modified Food Crops. Retrieved
lengthy URL that goes to March 22, 2005, from http://www.hc-
another line after a slash sc.gc.ca/english/protection/biologics_genetics/gen
or before a period. _mod_foods/genmodebk.html
Continually check your
references to online
documents. There is no
period following a URL.
Note:
If you cannot find some
of this information, cite
what is available.

Note: If a document is
contained within a large
and complex website
(such as that for a
university or a
government agency),
identify the host
organization and the
relevant program or
department before giving
the URL for the
document itself. Precede
the URL with a colon.

See htpp://www.apastyle.org.

2. Another style in writing bibliography is the Modern Language Association (MLA) style.
According to Purdue Online Writing Lab, it is most commonly used to write papers and cite
sources within the liberal arts and humanities. Purdue OWL has an update to reflect the MLA
Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7 th ed.) and the MLA Style Manual and Guide to
Scholarly Publishing (3rd ed.), which offers examples for the general format of MLA research
papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
Here are some examples:

1. “Blueprint Lays Out Cler Path for Climate Actiion.” Environmental Defense Fund, 8
May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.
2. Cinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New
York Times, May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009.
 3. Dean, Cornelia. “Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet.” New York Times, 22
May 2007. Web.25 May 2009
4. Ebert, Roger. “An Inconvenient Truth. “Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, Dir. Davis
Guggenheim. rogerebert.com. Sun-Times News Group, 2 June 2006. Web. 24 May
2009.
5. GlobalWarming.org. Cooler Heads Coalition, 2007. Web. 24 My 2009.
6. Gowdy, John. “Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary
Economics of Sustainability.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and
World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 27-36. Print.
7. An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West.
Paramount, 2006. DVD.
8. Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth or Reality?: The Errings Ways of
Climatology. New York: Springer, 2005. Print.
9. Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. “On Global
Warming and Financial Imbalances.” New Perspectives Quarterly 23.4
(2006):63.Print.
10. Nordhaus, William D. “After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms to Control Global
Warming.” American Economics Review 96.2(2006): 31-34.Print.

Keep in
mind...
How is APA different from MLA?
MLA and APA Side- by- Side
Side-by-Side comparison showing the differences between the two citations styles.
http://owl.englisg.purdue.edu/owl/

Set-Up Bibliography Cover Font Page Line Spacing

Name Page Margin
MLA Works Cited No Times New Roman – 1” Double
12pt
APA References Yes Times New Roman – 1” Double
12pt

Direct Quote in Text

MLA “The idea of race has been socially constructed in similar ways “ (Rothenberg 9).
APA “The idea of race has been socially constructed in similar ways “ (Rothenberg,
2007, p. 9).
MLA does not require the year, a comma after the author’s name, or a p. before the page number.

Direct Quote with author Name in Text (MLA preferred)

MLA According to Rothenberg, “The idea of race has been socially constructed in
similar ways “ (Rothenberg 9).
APA According to Rothenberg (2007), “The idea of race has been socially constructed
in similar ways “ (p. 9).
MLA does not require the year, a comma after the author’s name, or a p. before the page number.

Paraphrase or Summary Citation in Text

MLA The social construction of race is very similar to the way gender stereotypes
were constructed (Rothenberg 9).
APA The social construction of race is very similar to the way gender stereotypes
were constructed (Rothenberg, 2007, p. 9).
MLA does not require the year, a comma after the author’s name, or a p. before the page number.

Book Entry on Works Cited vs. References

MLA Rothenberg, Paula S. Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. 3rs Ed. New
York: Worth Publishers, 2008. Print.
APA Rothenberg, P. (2008). Race, class, and gender in the United States (3rs Ed.)
New
York, NY: Worth Publishers.
Differences: date placement, author name, Capitalization, parenthesis around edition, source format

Journal Article on Works Cited vs. References

MLA Dolby, Nadine. “Research in Youth Culture and Policy: Current Conditions and
Future Directions.” Social Work and Society: The International Online-Only
6,2
(2008):n.pag.Web 20 May 2009.
APA Dolby, N. (2009, May 20). Research in youth culture and policy: Current
conditions and future directions. Social Work and Society: The International
Online-Only 6(2). Retrieved from
http://www.socwork.net/sws/article/view/60/362
Differences: date placement, author name, Capitalization, URL not required on MLA entry

Website on Works Cited vs. References

MLA Coates, Ta-nehisi. “What We Mean When We Say ‘Race Is a Social Construct’“
The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 15 May 2013. Web. 07 March 2015.
APA Coates, T. (2013 May 15). What we mean when we say ‘race is a social
construct’ Retrieved March 7, 2015, from
http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/05/what-we-mean-we-say-
race-is-a-social-construct/275872/
Differences: date placement, author name, Capitalization, URL not required on MLA entry

Activity #
Now, I have here some examples of bibliography. What you have to do is to
identify what kind of format or style is being used.

a. Ehrenreich, B. (2001). Nickle and Dime: On (not) Getting by in America.

New York: Henry Holt and Company
 Answer:____________

b. Lannot, Anne. Bird by Bird: Some instructions on Writing and Life. New
York: Anchor Books, 1995. Print
Answer:____________

How’s the first

activity?
Did you find it
easy?

Activity #

Fill the column/s (by pasting some information written in a piece of cartolina)
according to its needs.
(Modular: Choose your answer of an information from the boxes below.)
Can you fill it right the emptiness?

a.
Author’s First Middle (Publication Book Place of Publisher
Last Name Initial Initial Date) Title Publication

To Kill a Mockingbird New York Warmer Books

H. 1982 Lee,

b.
Book title (Publication Date) Place of Publisher
Publication

The American Renaissance Chelsea House Publication

 (2004)
Philadelphia

Activity #
Write your own bibliography using available materials at home. If none, seek the help
of your friends or conduct research online.

How important to cite sources?

Why do you think it is important to cite
the source of information?
What have you learned the most in our
lesson?

Let’s Evaluate:

A. Write a bibliography using the said format/ style:

1. APA Format
Book title: Global Warming: Myth or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology.
Author: Marcel A. Leroux
Publishing Company: Spring
Location of Publication: New York
Year Published:2005

2. Author: Lynn Smith

Year: 2010
Title: A Study of Undergraduate Students
Page number: article pp. 170-191; quote p.172
Journal: Collegiate Learning Review

3. MLA Format
 Book title: Executive on a Mission Saving the Planet
Author: Cornelia Dean
Website: New York Times
Type: Web
Date Published: May 22, 2007
Date Retrieve: May 25, 2009

B. Write APA if the bibliography is written using American Psychological Association format, MLA if
written in Modern Language Association.

________1. Lauth,H.J. (2016). Marine Litter Vital Graphics. Germany:Springer Fachmidien

Wiesbaden.
________2. King, John. Short History of the Entire World. New York: Dell Publishing,
1998.Print.
________3. Weingast, David E. “Electoral College”. New Book of Knowledge Encyclopedia,
2004. Grolier Online. <htpp://go.grolier.com>. March 22, 2004.
________4. Krauss, L.M. (1993) WikiHow Book (1999). Boston, MA: Random House.
________5. Hariharan, M. (2000). A Toxic Legacy. ACN: Asian Chemical News 11 (472), 12-
14.

Prepared by:

ROWENA A. PATINDOL
ELEONOR J. YTAC
GERALDINE M. RUIZ