ENGR. ROBIN A.

PABUSTAN
DPA 605: Advanced Statistics (Statistics Applied to Administrative Science)

1. State the null and the alternative hypothesis for a two-tailed test.
Ho: m= μ μ := 50
Hi: m≠ μ
Χ := 46.60
2. Define the significance level, the population standard deviation, and the proposed population
mean.

α := 0.05
σ := 5
n := 2

3. Calculate the z-score.

( Χ - μ)
z :=
σ
n

z = -0.962

4. Calculate the p-value and test the hypothesis.

In this example, all of the Boolean expressions evaluate to 1 when the null hypothesis is true
(you do not reject H0).

Ρ := 2 ( 1 - pnorm( z , 0 , 1 ) )

Ρ = 1.664
Ρ<α
There is a 0.01664 probability that the test statistic is greater than the one observed, assuming
that the null hypothesis is true. The comparison between the p-value and the significance level
indicates there is no evidence that the alternative hypothesis is true..

5. Calculate the limits of the critical region and test the hypothesis.

crit := qnorm , 0 , 1

α
2 

crit = 1.96 and -1.96

z < crit

accept the null hypothesis. There is evidence that the mean is equal to μ.
6. Plot the standard normal distribution (red), the boundaries of the critical region (blue) , and the
z-score (green).

normal( q ) := dnorm( q , 0 , 1 ) x := -1.96 x := -0.962

1 2
y := 0 y := 0
1 2

0.4
- 1.96 - 0.962
normal( q) 0.3
y1
0.2
y2
0.1

-4 -2 0 2 4
q , x1 , x2

This means, that the claim of the rice miller that the average weight of a cavan of rice is 50 kgs.
is true.
1. State the null and the alternative hypothesis for a two-tailed test.
Ho: μ1= μ2
Hi: μ1≠ μ2

2. Define the significance level, the population standard deviation, and the proposed population
mean.

Χ := 98 Χ := 95 μ := 0
1 2 1
σ := 9.2 σ := 7.3 μ := 0
1 2 2
n := 50 n := 40
1 2

α := 0.05
3. Calculate the z-score.

z :=
(Χ1 - Χ2) - (μ1 - μ2) = 1.139
(σ1) + (σ2)
2 2

n n
1 2

z = 1.139

4. Calculate the p-value and test the hypothesis.

In this example, all of the Boolean expressions evaluate to 1 when the null hypothesis is true
(you do not reject H0).

Degrees of freedom when combining the two means

υ := n - n - 2
1 2
υ=8
Standard error of the difference in the data sets

 n - 1  σ 2 + n - 1  σ 2
s :=
( 1 ) ( 1) ( 2 ) ( 2)   1 + 1
υ n n
1 2
s = 5.918
Calculate the test statistic.

t :=
(Χ1 - Χ2)
s

t = 0.507

Ρ := 2 ( 1 - pt( t , υ) )

Ρ = 0.626

Ρ<α

There is a 0.00626 probability that the test statistic is greater than the one observed, assuming
that the null hypothesis is true. The comparison between the p-value and the significance level
 indicates there is no evidence that the alternative hypothesis is true.

5. Calculate the limits of the critical region and test the hypothesis.

crit := qt , υ

α
2 

crit = 2.306 and -2.306

z < crit

accept the null hypothesis. There is evidence that the mean is equal to μ.

6. Plot the standard normal distribution (red), the boundaries of the critical region (blue) , and the
z-score (green).

normal( q ) := dnorm( q , 0 , 1 ) x := 2.306 x := 1.139

1 2
y := 0 y := 0
1 2

0.4
1.139 2.306
normal( q) 0.3
y1
0.2
y2
0.1

-4 -2 0 2 4
q , x1 , x2

This means, There is no significant difference between the performance of teachers between
science department and english department.