Roland Martin S.

Gomez BSCE-4 August 22, 2019

Engr. Carmel Sigrid D. Docallos

1.Prepare an organizational chart depicting the construction process. Identify parties involved, their
functions, responsibilities and connection with each other.
An organizational chart depicting the construction process is shown below.
ID Task name Duration Start Finish
1 Start 0 days Mon 6/24/13 Mon 6/24/13
2 Mobilize 10 days Mon 6/30/13 Wed 7/10/13
3 Site Storm Drainage 44 days Mon 7/1/13 Tue 8/13/13
4 Site Water Lines 20 days Mon 7/1/13 Fri 7/19/13
5 Site Sanitary Lines 15 days Mon 7/1/13 Mon 7/15/13
6 Clear/Cut/Strip Site 15 days Mon 7/1/13 Mon 7/15/13
7 Survey & Layout 15 days Mon 7/1/13 Mon 7/15/13
8 Rebar Drawings & Fabrication 20 days Mon 6/30/13 Sat 7/20/13

9 Structural Steel Drawings 35 days Mon 6/30/13 Mon 8/5/13

10 Excavation 10 days Fri 7/26/13 Mon 8/5/13
11 Foundation Forms 15 days Thu 8/8/13 Thu 8/22/13
12 Foundation Rebar, 10 days Thu 8/8/13 Sat 8/17/13
Foundation concrete
13 Structural steel fabrication 40 days Thu 8/8/13 Wed 9/18/13
14 Backfill 10 days Wed 9/18/13 Fri 9/27/13
15 Deliver steel 1 day Fri 9/27/13 Fri 9/27/13
16 Steel Erection 24 days Fri 9/27/13 Mon 10/21/13
17 Metal decking 5 days Wed 10/23/13 Mon 10/28/13
18 Frame/Insulate/Sheath Lower 10 days Fri 11/1/13 Mon 11/11/13
19 Frame/Insulate/Sheath/Upper 45 days Mon 11/11/13 Mon 12/23/13
20 Winter Shutdown 0 days Last Day Last Day

The Parties involved in the construction process are,

 Owner
 Design Professional
 Contractors
 Material Supplier
 Inspectors
Functions, Responsibilities and Connections with each other are discussed below.
The construction process is like a chain reaction where all the parties should be connected with
everyone involved in the process.
Owner: The initiator of the project is called as owner. He is the responsible to arrange the finances
necessary for the constructions. After arranging the complete finances for the process, the owner should
then link with the design professionals who will do all the designs, specifications, layouts and so on.
Designer Professionals: He is responsible for the project. Architect or a designer should show the entire
output of the building to the contractor and the owner. Each specification should be made clearly. And
the role of designer is not completed with the designing process. During the construction he should
inspect the building is that their specifications are done properly.
Contractor: After finishing the design process a owner should go to the contract part where the full
estimation of the process is made and kept for bidding or negotiating for the owner. Here lump sum
process is widely used for the private project. After making the contract agreement the complete
estimation of the work should be submitted to the designer for approval.
Material Supplier: If any materials are specified by the contractor on the site the perfect layout, shop
drawings, and material specification should be given to the contractor from the supplier or vendors.
Those materials should be submitted to the designers for the approval.
Inspectors: During the construction process a owner can go with the private agent or inspectors who
can visit the building and do some laboratory and field test for the materials used on the job site. 
2. Explain the function of independent testing laboratories in the construction industry.
An independent and competent source for the analysis and quality assurance of materials and
methods, assures the client of unbiased and comprehensive evaluations. The materials engineering
creativity has developed economical solutions to many critical issues facing design, materials supply, and
construction industries.
3. Why must a builder/contractor understand materials?
If you were a builder and didn't know what materials you needed to build a house (e.g), then
you'd be in trouble! That's why builders need to know their supplies and materials, as the builder is
responsible for the quality of the work, as well as health and safety standards. He must inspect the work
and safety standards to make sure that it is done up to acceptable standards. 
4. Explain how the material used for a basement floor and the material used for a roof must be
different.
Basement flooring options, such as ceramic tile, engineered wood, rubber and
laminate flooring made with a moisture-resistant plywood core. But that doesn't mean basements are
trouble-free. A concrete basement slab is porous and prone to moisture and water vapor migrating up
through the slab. On the other hand, material used for roofing must keep moisture out, support snow
and other weights, resist wind pressure and wind uplift. It also provides a satisfactory appearance and
insulate against noise and heat transmission.
5. As a research project, make a list of the kinds of material used in (a.) a water distribution system,
(b.) a city street pavement, (c.) a sewage collection system and (d.) a roofing system
a.) Material used in water distribution system.
 Steel Pipes
 Galvanized Steel or Iron Pipes
 Cast Iron Pipes
 Concrete Cement and Asbestos Cement Pipes
 Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes
b.) Material Used for a City Street Pavement
 Asphalt
 Concrete
 Pavers
c.) Material Used in a Sewage Collection System
 Bricks
 Concrete
 Precast Concrete
 Cast-in-situ Reinforced Concrete
 Stoneware or Vitrified Clay
 Asbestos Cement
 Cast Iron
 Steel
 Ductile Iron Pipes
 Non-Metallic Non-Concrete Synthetic Material Pipes
 UPVC Pipe (unplasticized polyvinylchloride)
 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipes
 Structured Wall Piping
 Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pipes (GRP)
 Fiber Glass Reinforced Plastic Pipes (FRP)
 Pitch Fiber Pipes
d.) Material Used in a Roofing System
 Thatch
 Shingle
 Stone Slab
 Ceramic tile
 Membrane Roofing
 Metal Roofing
 Concrete or fiber cement
 Structural concrete
6. Discuss the advantages of material specification versus performance specification. Research an
actual project specification and identify the type of specification format used and the reasons they
were used.
Advantages of material specifications over performance specifications: The material
specification determines if the contractors substitute is equal to or better than the named product.
The material specification endures the possibility of better accuracy of strength and corrosion
resistance.
While performance specification specifies performance in terms of appearance, strength, corrosion
resistance, and other features. Designer has the benefits of the builders’ experience in selecting the
most economical materials.
14. A material may fail by breaking or deforming excessively. Which is the case for creep? For fatigue?
For impact failure.
Creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to move slowly or deform
permanently under the influence of persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term
exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material.
Material fatigue is a phenomenon where structures fail when subjected to a cyclic load. This
type of structural damage occurs even when the experienced stress range is far below the
static material strength. Fatigue is the most common source behind failures of mechanical structures.
Structural failure begins to occur when the material is stressed to its upper strength limit causing to
rupture or extreme deformations. ... The ultimate failure strength of the construction elements should
be carefully considered in the design of structures to prevent failure.
15. What purpose do specifying organization such as ASTM and ACT serve in the construction industry
and why are they important?
Specifying an organization such as ASTM and ACT is an advantage especially if you are a
contractor or a builder. This means that you are aware that there are particular standards in project
specifications and affirming that the product that you are using/ Selling meets the ASTM requirements.
In the concrete construction industry, it’s mainly product manufacturers and ready-mix suppliers
who are charged with meeting ASTM standards. Construction practices (and therefore contractors) are
governed more by American Concrete Institute (ACI), Farmington Hills, Mich., codes and requirements.
This separation results from a long-standing agreement between the two organizations. Even so,
contractors who understand how ASTM standards are developed and applied can benefit. It can help
them run their jobs more smoothly, avoid disputes in many cases, and resolve disputes more quickly
when they occur.

16. What is the purpose of manufacturer association and how do they accomplish their purpose

National Association of Manufacturer seeks to enhance the competitiveness of manufacturers

by lobbying for legislation and regulations conducive to U.S. economic growth and to increase
understanding among policy makers, the media, and the general public about the importance of
manufacturing to U.S. economic strength. 

17. What is the difference between inspection and testing?

Product inspection typically involves visiting your supplier's facility, or sending an inspector on
your behalf, to check products on site. The inspection may include scaling the dimensions, weighing,
tapping, with a hammer, sifting through the fingers, or scratching with a knife, as well as of the
inspection and minor test are not generally measurable. Whereas testing usually requires sending
samples from your supplier's facility to a laboratory for more controlled testing. A common type of
testing consists of subjecting a sample of material to a measured forced to increased steadily until the
material breaks or deformed beyond the specified amount.