FIRST

CERTIFICATE
ULTIMATE REVISION BUNDLE

SEPTEMBER 2020

1
2
PART 1
TEST 1

Messages from the Stone Age

The incredible pre-historic Chauvet cave art in France is painted in 0 __bright___ colours
and dates back to a period around thirty thousand years ago when early humans first
started to create rock art. Although various 1 _____ of this art have been found in caves
in Western Europe, very few people have seen the art at Chauvet because it is located 2
_____ inside an inaccessible underground cave system. Those who have seen it say that
it is very impressive, showing animals 3 _____ horses, rhinos and cows, and that the
artwork is good enough to 4 _____ modern compositions.

The first scientists to 5 _____ the Chauvet paintings missed some other important 6 _____
however. The walls of the cave are also marked with a series of lines and symbols, that
were initially 7 _____ as insignificant. But recent research has suggested that these
marks may represent humankind’s first steps towards the development of writing,
which is 8 _____ people to rethink their ideas about when written communication first
started.

1 A illustrations B models C cases D examples

2 A deep B thick C long D dense
3 A by means of B apart from C as well as D such as
4 A rival B compare C compete D oppose
5 A arrive B reach C meet D know
6 A instances B matters C details D issues
7 A believed B regarded C thought D agreed
8 A resulting B having C making D causing

3
TEST 2

Where to go whale watching

When asked to list the things they would most like to experience in life, a surprising 0
__number___ of people mention seeing whales in their natural habitat. It’s an ambition
that can be 1 _____ surprisingly easily. It is 2 _____ that the seas around Iceland are home
to over five thousand orca whales. But their behaviour, and therefore your chances of
seeing them, varies 3 _____ to the season.

In summer, the whales have a 4 _____ to hang out near the coast and can be seen
swimming up fjords and inlets. During the winter months, however, the animals are
generally to be found 5 _____ out at sea. 6 _____ season you choose for your trip, whale-
watching trips are very easy to organise, and there’s a chance you’ll get to see other
whale species too.

Besides Iceland, another option is to 7 _____ for northern Norway between October and
January. Orcas arrive here at this time of year in 8 _____ of large shoals of herring,
which form an important part of their diet.

1 A answered B rewarded C honoured D fulfilled

2 A estimated B counted C guessed D totalled
3 A according B depending C relying D agreeing
4 A custom B tendency C habit D trend
5 A longer B wider C broader D further
6 A Whenever B Whoever C Whichever D However
7 A head B set C point D pick
8 A hunt B follow C pursuit D seek

4
TEST 3

The Gesture Interface

At the 0 _moment__, if we want mobile 1 _____ to the Web, we have to travel around with
things like tablets and smartphones in our bags or pockets. But the inventor of
something called the Gesture Interface has 2 _____ up with a way of doing this using
only something we’ve 3 _____ around with us for millions of years – our hands.

The idea is 4 _____ on simple technology that is already in existence. 5 _____ carrying
around the usual hardware, you have a small wearable device on your hands. This
contains a projector, a camera and wireless technology to 6 _____ you to the Web. It also
has sensors which read and interpret simple hand gestures. For example, when you
want to 7 _____ a photograph, simply make a frame around the image with your hand
and click your fingers. The device 8 _____ out what you want and operates the camera.

1 A line B entry C access D link

2 A come B thought C found D done
3 A delivered B fetched C brought D carried
4 A based B started C founded D begun
5 A Along with B Instead of C Except for D Apart from
6 A sign B download C log D connect
7 A make B take C do D get
8 A works B reckons C meets D knows

5
TEST 4

Royal Residences

Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle 0 __and___ the Palace of Holyroodhouse are these 1
_____ of the Sovereign and, as such, serve as both home and office for the Queen, whose
personal flag flies 2 _____ her Majesty is in residence.

These buildings are used extensively for State ceremonies and official entertaining and
are opened to the 3 _____ as much as these commitments allow. They are furnished with
fine pictures and works of art from the Royal Collection, assembled over four centuries
by successive sovereigns. Many of the State Apartments and rooms at the official
residences have been in continuous use since their conception and many of the
paintings are 4 _____ in the rooms for which they were originally 5 _____.

The official residences are in regular use and the style and manner in which they are
shown to visitors reflects their working status. Rooms are kept as close to their normal
6 _____ as possible. Inevitably, opening times are subject to change at short notice
depending on circumstances.

The Royal Collection, which is owned by the Queen as Sovereign in trust for her
successors and the Nation, is administered by the Royal Collection Trust to which a
proportion of the admission fee and other 7 _____ from visitors is directed. The
remainder of this money funds the majority of the cost of restoring Windsor Castle
which was badly 8 _____ by fire in November 1992.

1 A venues B residences C situations D occupation

2 A whatever B however C whoever D whenever
3 A humans B public C peoples D strangers
4 A created B explored C produced D displayed
5 A instructed B intended C performed D guarded
6 A feature B location C destination D appearance
7 A salary B budget C income D wage
8 A destroyed B ruined C damaged D collapsed

6
TEST 5

New Cycling Schemes

The County Council has 0 __decided___ to give a higher 1 _____ to cycling and agreed a
new strategy to guide the way ahead in East Sussex.

Cycling is a 2 _____, healthy and environmentally-friendly form of transport. It is

intended to make it safer, more convenient and attractive, and to increase the 3 _____ of
journeys made by bicycle.

Cycling is being encouraged both for utility purposes (such as journeys to work, school
and the shops) and for 4 _____ trips for exercise and enjoyment, including longer trips
by tourists.

Recent cycle schemes carried out in conjunction with District Councils and other bodies
include the Brighton and Hove seafront route and the Cross Levels Way cycle route, in
Eastbourne.

5 _____ people will be consulted as the strategy is implemented. The County Council will
work with local cycling and other groups, and a countywide Cycling Forum will be
formed to 6 _____ that all bodies concerned with cycling are in regular 7 _____.

The objectives of the Cycling Strategy are given in a leaflet, and a 8 _____ of the full
strategy document can be seen in County Council Public Libraries.

1 A advantage B income C benefit D priority

2 A shortcut B high-speed C dangerous D low-cost
3 A size B proportion C provision D proposal
4 A recreational B useless C sufficient D promotional
5 A Abnormal B Proper C Country D Local
6 A improve B ensure C assert D maintain
7 A contact B basis C touch D account
8 A copy B book C letter D network

7
TEST 6

The Eighth Wonder of the World

The Thames Barrier is a 0 __major___ part of the flood defence scheme for protecting
London 1 _____ rising water levels. The defenses 2 _____ include raised river
embankments and additional flood gates at strategic points, including the Barking
Barrier. The unique structure that is the Barrier spans the 520-metre wide Woolwich
reach and 3 _____ of 10 separate movable gates, each pivoting and supported between
concrete structures which house the operating machinery.

When raised, the four main gates 4 _____ stand as high as a five storey building and as
wide as the opening of Tower Bridge. Each 5 _____ 3700 tonnes. During the first twelve
years of 6 _____, the Barrier has been closed twenty nine times to protect London.

7 _____ the Barrier from the comfortable cafeteria. Picnic on the riverside embankment.
Enjoy beautiful views from the riverside walk. Visit the shop which stocks a large
selection of souvenirs, books and Barrier information.

There is a children’s play area suitable for 4- to 12-year olds, located adjacent to the
riverside walk. A visit to the spectacular Thames Barrier is a 8 _____ experience.

1 A against B for C between D with

2 A and B also C still D too
3 A consists B includes C involves D contains
4 A which B every C each D none
5 A measures B costs C calculates D weighs
6 A operation B surgery C vacation D profession
7 A Sight B View C Hear D Explore
8 A forgettable B memorable C forgetful D memorised

8
TEST 7

Space junk

The Space Age began 0 __well___ over half a century ago, and ever since then the area
just 1 _____ the Earth’s atmosphere has been filling up with all kinds of man-made
objects that have become 2 _____ as ‘space junk’. The items up there 3 _____ from old
satellites and parts of rockets to hundreds of thousands of pieces smaller than one
centimetre, all of them travelling at extremely 4 _____ speed. Over the last five years,
the number of such objects in space is 5 _____ to have risen by 50 per cent, and this has
6 _____ increased the risk of damage to working satellites or space vehicles with crews
on board.

International agreement has therefore now been 7 _____ on limiting the amount of new
space junk. Scientists have also 8 _____ some interesting suggestions for tidying up
space. These include using laser beams, giant nets and even an enormous umbrella-
like device to collect tiny bits of junk.

1 A along B away C out D beyond

2 A referred B known C called D named
3 A include B enclose C cover D range
4 A high B rapid C light D fast
5 A assessed B supposed C estimated D regarded
6 A largely B greatly C importantly D absolutely
7 A arrived B reached C finished D closed
8 A caught up with B put up with C come up with D kept up with

9
TEST 8

Planes can make it rain

Living next to an airport has always meant having to 0 __put up with___ the noise of
planes landing and taking off. Now it seems that 1 _____ residents also have bad
weather, according to a 2 _____ published study.

The scientists looked at satellite 3 _____ of clouds above airports, and also studied
computer models of the way clouds behave. What they found was that as a plane flies
through a very cold cloud, the air behind it expands and then cools 4 _____ rapidly. This
sudden drop in temperature, 5 _____ with the hole formed in the cloud where the plane
has passed through, can increase the 6 _____ of rain or snow on the ground.

In the case of major airports, with hundreds of flights every day, this can have a
significant 7 _____ on weather patterns up to 100 kilometres away. The researchers point
out, however, that aircraft passing through clouds are 8 _____ to affect the global
climate.

1 A neighbouring B close C local D surrounded

2 A lately B recently C lastly D freshly
3 A images B figures C aspects D portraits
4 A totally B extremely C entirely D perfectly
5 A joined B attached C composed D combined
6 A forecasts B certainties C chances D opportunities
7 A result B influence C consequence D impression
8 A doubtful B unsure C unlikely D improbable

10
TEST 9
Checking your mobile phone

How often do you check your phone? For many of us, our phone is an essential 0
__part___of everyday life, but apparently we are spending an increasing amount of time
checking it for information without being 1 _____ of doing so.

Research in Helsinki shows that phone checking 2 _____ lasts less than 30 seconds on
each occasion, and usually 3 _____ of opening a single application such as social media.
The study also found many users check their mobiles throughout the 4 _____ day, and
that what they check is often 5 _____ with particular contexts. For instance, when
travelling to work or college, people tend to check their email; if they are bored, they
get a quick 6 _____ on the latest news.

Checking this frequently can easily become a habit, which some say can 7 _____ us from
more important things. Others, though, believe that being able to 8 _____ so much new
information so quickly makes life far more interesting.

1 A sensitive B cautious C sensible D conscious

2 A virtually B typically C widely D suitably

3 A consists B composes C involves D includes

4 A complete B total C normal D entire

5 A attached B assumed C associated D accompanied

6 A update B revision C review D upgrade

7 A disturb B distract C disrupt D distribute

8 A capture B import C obtain D seize

11
PART 1

What is genealogy
Genealogy is a 0 __branch___ of history. It concerns family history, 1 _____ than the
national or world history studied at school. It doesn’t merely involve drawing a family
tree, however – tracing your family history can also 2 _____ in learning about your roots
and your identity. The internet enables millions of people worldwide to 3 _____
information about their family history, without great 4 _____.

People who research their family history often 5 _____ that it’s a fascinating hobby
which 6 _____ a lot about where they come from and whether they have famous
ancestors. According to a survey involving 900 people who had researched their family
history, the chances of discovering a celebrity in your past are one in ten. The survey
also concluded that the 7 _____ back you follow your family line, the more likely you are
to find a relation who was much wealthier than you are. However, the vast majority of
people who 8 _____ in the survey discovered they were better off than their ancestors.

1 A instead B rather C except D sooner

2 A cause B mean C result D lead

3 A accomplish B access C approach D admit

4 A fee B price C charge D expense

5 A describe B define C remark D regard

6 A reveals B opens C begins D arises

7 A older B greater C higher D further

8 A attended B participated C included D associated

Part 1

12
TEST 1
1 D – examples. Other words do not fit the context.
2 A – deep. Other three variants do not collocate with ‘inside’.
3 D – such as. This expression is the only one that shows examples or introduces a list.
4 A – rival. ‘Compare’ and ‘compete’ require ‘with’ in this context (e.g. ‘compete with something’).
‘Oppose’ would mean to be against something (negative meaning).
5 B – reach. This is the only word with the meaning ‘to discover, to see for the first time’.
6 C – details. ‘Details’ is the only word that collocates with the verb ‘to miss’. ‘Details’ are usually
minor and easy to miss, while ‘matters’ are more significant. ‘Issues’ means ‘problems or
difficulties’.
7 B – regarded. The only option that can be followed by ‘as’. ‘Believed’ and ‘thought’ are normally
followed by ‘to be’: ‘She is believed to be the best specialist in the field’.
8 D – causing. The rest of the options can’t be followed by infinitive. ‘Making’ can look like the
correct answer, but the next part would have to be: ‘making people rethink’.

TEST 2
D – fulfilled. ‘To fulfil an ambition’ is the only correct collocation here.
A – estimated. The only verb that can be used in passive form correctly.
A – according. The only word that can be used with preposition ‘to’. ‘Depending’ and ‘relying’ are
used with ‘on’, ‘agreeing’ takes ‘with’.
B – tendency. Answers A and D do not fit contextually as they have different meaning. Habit can’t
be used because it should be followed by a gerund: ‘be in the habit of doing something’.
D – further. ‘Further out’ is the only correct collocation of the four.
C – Whichever. The only determiner that can be used with a noun here.
A – head. ‘To head for’ means ‘to go in a certain direction’.
C – pursuit. ‘In pursuit of something’ means ‘seeking, chasing something’. Other nouns do not fit
‘in … of something’ construction.

TEST 3
1. C – access. The only acceptable collocation here is ‘mobile access’.
2. A – come. ‘To come up’ is a phrasal verb that means to invent, to think of something useful.
3. D – carried. ‘To carry around’ means to have something on you, ready to be used.
4. A – based. If something (e.g. an idea) is based on something, it relies on it heavily in order to
work.
5. B – Instead of. A replacement to the ‘usual hardware’ is suggested.
6. D – connect. ‘Sign’ and ‘log’ require ‘in’ following it. ‘Download’ doesn’t make sense in this
context.
7. B – take. Take a photograph, take a picture are the common collocations.
8. A – works. ‘To work out’ is another phrasal verb with the meaning ‘to understand, to realise’.

TEST 4
B – residences. A residence is a place where one ‘resides’, or lives. A venue is a place where
something happens, i. e. a a stadium is a good venue for a music festival. The other two words do
not fit the context.

13
D – whenever. At or in any place. If the Queen lives there, then the flag marks her residence.
B – public. ‘Open to the public’ is a set phrase that means that it accepts visitors, just like an
exhibition or a museum would.
D – displayed. This verb is the most commonly used when talking about showing various
exhibits, such as paintings, sculptures or other forms of visual art.
B – intended. ‘Intended’ here means planned, designed for.
D – appearance. Visually, the rooms are almost unchanged.
C – income. Income is a general term that is used here for money, coming from various sources.
In this cases – the visiting public.
C – damaged. The only word that collocates with the adverb ‘badly’.

TEST 5
D – priority. This is the only word that collocates with ‘higher’ here and fits in context.
D – low-cost. The paragraph mentions the benefits of cycling. ‘Shortcut’ is not an adjective here
and ‘high-speed’ shouldn’t be mentioned, as the sentence that comes next mentions safety.
B – proportion. The overall share of people using bicycles in comparison with cars.
A – recreational. The word relates to doing something pleasant in your free time. Other words do
not fix this context.
D – Local. People living in the area that is going to implement the new cycling strategy.
B – ensure. To make sure, to make certain.
A – contact. ‘To be in contact’ is to maintain communication between two sides. ‘To be in touch’
shouldn’t be used here as it refers to more personal side of communication, while here they are
talking about official correspondence.
A – copy. A copy of the same document. It’s neither a book nor a letter, but a set of rules they
intend to implement.

TEST 6
A – against. ‘To protect against something’ is the only correct collocation in this context. ‘To
protect with something’ would mean using something for protection, not protecting from
something, in that case the rising water levels.
B – also. The only conjunction that fits grammatically.
A – consists. The only verb in the list that can be followed by ‘of’.
C – each. ‘Which’ shouldn’t be used here as it would be introducing an additional clause, which is
not present in the sentence.
D – weighs. The mass of the gates is mentioned.
A – operation. Being engaged in work or being active, functioning.
B – View. Look at or see. ‘Sight’ can’t be used as a verb. ‘Hear’ doesn’t fit as you’re unlikely to
hear it – it makes no noise unless being lifted, which doesn’t happen very often. ‘Explore’ doesn’t
make sense – you can’t explore it sitting in a cafeteria.
B – memorable. Something important or exciting, something you’re likely to remember.

TEST 7
D – beyond. ‘just beyond’ here means ‘right outside, in the immediate vicinity on the outside’.

14
B – known. ‘Referred’ takes preposition ‘to’; ‘Called’ and ‘named’ do not fit the context – it would
have been ‘are called’ and ‘have been named’ respectively.
D – range. ‘Range from … to’ phrase is used to refer to the spectrum or variety of something,
space junk in this case.
A – high. ‘High speed’ is the accepted collocation. Just how prices are high and low, rather than
‘expensive’ and ‘cheap’, speed can’t be ‘fast’ or ‘slow’.
C – estimated. ‘To estimate’ is to guess or calculate something, such as price, amount and so on.
B – greatly. By a considerable amount. ‘Largely’ in this context would have meant ‘generally’, so
it shouldn’t be used.
B – reached. ‘To reach an agreement’ is another strong collocation. Other words do not form any.
C – come up with. To invent, to suggest an idea or a plan. ‘Caught up with’ and ‘kept up with’ have
a similar meaning of reaching something you’re late for, e.g. something you’re falling behind. ‘To
put up with’ means to accept something unpleasant or undesirable.

TEST 8
C- local. ‘Local residents’ makes the only strong collocation of the four.
B – recently. A study that has been published short time ago.
A- images. A satellite image is a picture taken from the orbit of our planet.
B- extremely. The only word having the meaning of ‘very rapidly’.
D- combined. The only word of the four that can be used with ‘of’. If something is combined with
something else, they are joined together.
C- chances. To increase chances of something is to make something more likely to happen.
B – influence. This is the only noun that collocates with ‘on’ preposition.
C – unlikely. Unlikely to do something. ‘Doubtful’ is not used with ‘to’ infinitive; ‘Unsure’ doesn’t fit
grammatically; ‘Improbable’ has the meaning ‘impossible’ here.

TEST 9
D – conscious. To be conscious of something is to be aware of it, to realise and understand what
you do.
B – typically. Normally, usually or habitually.
A – consists. The only verb here that forms a strong collocation with the ‘of’ preposition.
D – entire. Whole, all day.
C – associated. Associated with here means ‘connected with, related to’; ‘accompanied with’
shouldn’t be used because the meaning would change to ‘joined by’.
A – update. This is the only noun that takes the preposition ‘on’.
B – distract. To distract is so take somebody’s attention from something.
C – obtain. You can obtain information, buy you can’t capture, import or seize it.

TEST 10
B- rather. ‘Rather than’ is used to contrast it with the second clause and means ‘instead of, as
opposed to’. ‘Instead’ shouldn’t be picked as it is used with ‘of’ preposition.

15
C – result. ‘To result in something’. The only verb here that is followed by ‘in’ preposition. ‘Lead’
fits in term of lexic, however it should be used with ‘to’: ‘Increased unemployment might lead to
higher crime rates’.
B – access. To get access, to use, to be allowed to use something.
D – expense. The focus here is people who spend money, not the providers of such information,
therefore ‘charge’ shouldn’t be used.
C – remark. ‘To remark’ is to point out, to mention, to say what you notice.
A – reveal. To reveal is to make known, to uncover, to learn something that remained a mystery.
D – further. The bigger part of one’s family past you take, the more likely you are to find
something.
B – participated. To participate in something ‘Included’ should be used in the passive here, so we
can’t choose it.

16
PART 2
TEST 1

Swimming with seals

The UK is home to half the world’s population of grey seals and there 0 _____ many local
boat trips offering sightseeing tours out to the islands and sandbanks 9 _____ the
animals are most regularly found.

But if you really want to get close 10 _____ the seals and understand something about
their way of life, then you need to go on an underwater seal-watching trip. On these
trips, you have the chance to go over the side of the boat and, equipped 11 _____ a
wetsuit, mask and snorkel, spend time in the water alongside the animals.

Seals are extremely inquisitive creatures and, once you’re in the water, they will swim
past you trying to work 12 _____ who you are and 13 _____ you’re doing there. 14 _____
they can appear shy at first, seals soon 15 _____ used to you being in the water, and will
come and play around you. Young pups especially like to 16 _____ contact with divers,
and often use their teeth, gently biting masks, fins and cameras out of curiosity. It can
be a thrilling experience.

17
TEST 2

The Mini-Monet

Kieron Williamson is a very successful landscape painter. His paintings, 0 _________

mostly depict the peaceful countryside around his home village in eastern England, sell
very well. Perhaps this shouldn’t 9 _____ as that much of a surprise. It’s a beautiful part
of the world, and landscape paintings are always popular.

The strange thing about Kieron, however, 10 _____ that he is only seven years old. At a
recent exhibition of his work, all the paintings were sold in half an hour, some for
£100,000 each. Kieron now has fans all over the world, and has gained the nickname the
‘Mini-Monet’.

What’s even 11 _____ surprising is that Kieron doesn’t come from an artistic family, and
only started painting two years 12 _____. He first got inspiration 13 _____ some boats he
saw on holiday at the seaside. Kieron asked his parents if they 14 _____ buy him a sketch
pad and pencils 15 _____ that he could draw them. Only when they saw 16 _____ well he
drew did they realise that he was talented.

18
TEST 3

Choosing the best shades

Most of us buy a new pair 0 _____ fashionable sunglasses each year. To be honest, we
probably 9 _____ more thought into looking cool than we do into ensuring that the
glasses match our needs.

It seems an obvious thing to say, 10 _____ the main role of sunglasses isn’t actually to
enhance your image. It is rather to protect your eyes from the potentially harmful rays
of the sun. What’s 11 _____, price isn’t necessarily the best guide 12 _____ the
effectiveness of sunglasses. Indeed, expensive designer glasses may not provide the
best defence against sun damage. 13 _____ you may still want to choose a pair of
sunglasses that look good on you, it’s also crucial to check out just how effective they
will be in protecting your eyes.

There are three types of light 14 _____ can harm the human eye. They are known 15 _____
ultra-violet light, visible light and infra-red light. If you 16 _____ the choice of sunglasses
seriously, then you will want to protect yourself against all three.

19
TEST 4

Inspiration

I have had what, I think, is the 0 _____ extraordinary day of my life. While the events are
9 _____ clear in my mind, I wish to write them down. Let me introduce 10 _____.

My name is Lawrence Terrel. I am thirty-five years old, and in perfect health. I have
never been ill in my life, not even for a day. I am an artist. I am 11 _____ very successful,
but I earn enough money to 12 _____ care of my needs. My only near relative, a sister, 13
_____ three years ago. So I have no family.

I ate breakfast this morning at eight. After I had read the morning paper, I smoked my
pipe and let my mind wander. I hoped I would think of 14 _____ to draw. The room was
very hot, even 15 _____ the door and window were open. I had decided to go to the public
swimming pool when an idea for a drawing came to me.

I began to 16 _____. I was so interested in my work that I forgot to eat lunch. I did not
stop until the clock struck five. I looked at what I had done. For a hurried picture, I felt it
was the best thing I had ever drawn.

20
TEST 5

Holidays with friends

I always 0 _____ to go to Porchester 9 _____ my summer holidays. It is a quiet little town,

full of old and interesting buildings. Very 10 _____visitors ever go there, so there are no
crowds. I enjoyed its sleepy atmosphere. I work in a big city, so a holiday in Porchester
was a complete change 11 _____ my usual life. Besides, I found out about the history of
the place. I wanted to learn how life used to be in Porchester – the stories of 12 _____
people and buildings.

I made notes on all these things 13 _____ my holidays and I soon knew more about the
history of Porchester than most of the people 14 _____ lived there.

I am not a rich man and I cannot afford to stay in hotels. When Jack Thompson heard
that I wanted to spend my holidays in Porchester again all these years later, he invited
me to stay with 15 _____. Jack and I were in the Army 16 _____ during the war and we
were good friends.

21
TEST 6

Datamac

Datamac was the greatest machine 0 _____ the world. Its business 9 _____ facts: it
accepted 10 _____, stored them, tested them and delivered them.

It was located in Tokyo, where it received messages and questions from all 11 _____ the
world. It sent answers to every town and city in every 12 _____. An army of workers fed it
with facts all the time. Other workers moved about inside Datamac and 13 _____ after it.

Datamac had a very special duty. It was in 14 _____ of all the facts about every person in
the world. Each day it brought these four million facts together, and answered the
question: “15 _____ will happen tomorrow?” Every city in the world received report for its
own part of the country. And the complete World Report 16 _____ to the Chief of the
Correction Force in Tokyo. John Williams had been Chief for only three weeks. By now
he was not afraid of the World Report every morning. It was just a pile of papers, fifteen
centimetres thick.

22
TEST 7
Chewing gum
We still tend 0 _____ think chewing gum is a fairly recent invention, even 9 _____ there is
evidence it was used 5,000 years ago in Finland. The Ancient Greeks also chewed gum,
as 10 _____the Aztecs in Mexico during the sixteenth century. As far as we know,
however, it wasn’t 11 _____ 1869 that chewing gum became popular in its present form, 12
_____ a New York inventor called Thomas Adams first had the idea of adding flavour to it.

Nowadays, of course, it is chewed around the world, 13 _____ the fact that it continues to
be regarded by some 14 _____ an unpleasant habit. Unfortunately, far too many people
drop used gum onto the pavement, 15 _____ it remains for some time because it is
extremely difficult to remove once it has stuck to the surface. On the other hand, those
16 _____ favour of chewing gum claim it helps them relax, improves their concentration,
and helps keep their teeth clean.

23
TEST 8

Cycling makes financial sense

These days, most people are aware 0 _____ the environmental impact of motor vehicles,
and they realise that cars are responsible 9 _____ many of the problems facing their
cities. Not 10 _____ people, however, ever stop 11 _____ think about how much money they
would save by switching from driving to cycling.

Cars cost a lot to buy, and 12 _____ other major investments such as houses, they
quickly lose their value. On 13 _____ of that, there are running costs such as repair bills,
tax and insurance, all of 14 _____ seem to go up every year.

Bicycles, by contrast, are far 15 _____ expensive to purchase and maintain, do not
require petrol and are easy to park. And if a lot more people took up cycling, the
government could spend less of the nation’s resources on roads, which at present their
taxes help pay for 16 _____ they drive on them or not.

24
TEST 9

The Australian city of Perth

Perth, 0 _____ capital of the state of Western Australia, has been described as one of the
most remote cities 9 _____ Earth. Founded in 1829 and named after Perth in Scotland, it
grew rapidly in the late nineteenth century 10 _____ a result of the discovery of gold in
the state. Nowadays it has a population of around two million people, and many of 11
_____ were born outside Australia. This has led 12 _____ Perth becoming a culturally
diverse city, in 13 _____ of the fact that the nearest large town is over 2,000 kilometres
away, with well-established communities from southern Europe and South-East Asia 14
_____ particular. The city’s five universities have also attracted students from 15 _____
over the world. Young people find much to enjoy in and around Perth on 16 _____ of its
outdoor lifestyle, which offers a wide range of activities including swimming at its many
beaches, cycling both in town and countryside, and visiting nearby nature reserves.

25
TEST 10

Motorbike stunt rider

I work 0 _____ a motorbike stunt rider – that is, I do tricks on my motorbike at shows.
The Le Mans race track in France was 9 _____ I first saw some guys doing motorbike
stunts. I’d never seen anyone riding a motorbike using just the back wheel before and I
was 10 _____ impressed I went straight home and taught 11 _____ to do the same. It
wasn’t very long before I began to earn my living at shows performing my own
motorbike stunts.

I have a degree 12 _____ mechanical engineering; this helps me to look at the physics 13
_____ lies behind each stunt. In addition to being responsible for design changes to the
motorbike, I have to work 14 _____ every stunt I do. People often think that my work is
very dangerous, but, apart 15 _____ some minor mechanical problem happening
occasionally during a stunt, nothing ever goes wrong. I never feel in 16 _____ kind of
danger because I’m very experienced.

26
TEST 1

9 where. A relative pronoun is needed here.

10 to. Close is normally followed ‘by’ if we talk about physical distance. ‘Close with’ would mean
connection such as friendship, which is not mentioned in this context.

11 with. ‘Equipped with’ is used when talking about articles of clothing or necessary things, in this
case – a mask, a snorkel and so on.

12 out. ‘To work out’ is a synonym of ‘to find out’ – to understand, to learn the meaning or the
reason of something.

13 what. A conjunction connecting two clauses.

14 Although/Though/While. A linking word used to contrast two parts of the following sentence.
Remember that in your answer sheet all of the letters have to be capital, the capitalisation here
is to indicate that it’s the first word of the sentence.

15 get. ‘To get used to’ means ‘to become comfortable with something new.

16 make/have. Both words collocate with ‘contact’.

TEST 2

come. ‘Come as a surprise’ is a set expression.

is. ‘The strange thing … is that‘.

more. ‘Even more’ is used for contrast.

ago. A time in the past is mentioned.

from. ‘To get inspiration from something or someone’.

would/could. Both modals are acceptable here – both meanings fit the context.

so. ‘So that’ is the phrase that means possibility to do something.

how. They talk about the skill of Kieron’s drawing.

TEST 3

9. put. ‘To put thought into something’ is to give something consideration, to think about
something.

10. but. The conjunction contrast two part of the sentence.

27
11. more. ‘What is more’ is used to introduce additional information to something that has already
been mentioned.

12. to. A guide to something.

13. although/though/while. Any of the three conjunctions can be used with the meaning
remaining unchanged.

14. which. The determiner here is used to add extra information to the previous clause.

15. as. ‘Known as’ has the meaning of ‘called, referred to’.

16. take. ‘To take something seriously’ is so approach something with due consideration, to see
something as important.

TEST 4

still. The conjunction ‘while’ hints at an adverb of time.

myself. The beginning of the next paragraph is the key – the author is telling us about himself.

not. The contrast suggested by ‘but’ further in the sentence suggests that we need a conjunction
– ‘not very successful, but…‘.

take. ‘Take care’ a common phrase meaning ‘to address one’s needs’.

died. The next sentence ‘So I have no family’ explains what happened to his sister.

something. He was looking for inspiration, for a thing to draw. ‘Anything’ shouldn’t be used here
as it is mostly found in negative and interrogative sentences (i. e. questions).

though/when. Although the meaning changes depending on the choice, both words are
acceptable

draw/work/sketch. For the sake of avoiding repetition I wouldn’t recommend using ‘work’. Of
course, it isn’t going to affect your mark.

TEST 5

for/during. Both prepositions are acceptable here – both point at a period of time.

few. ‘So there are no crowds’ indicates that we should use a word with the meaning of low
numbers. ‘Little’ is only used with uncountable used and therefore shouldn’t be put here next to
‘people’, which is countable.

from. ‘A change from something’

its/the. Both the determiner ‘its’ and the definite article ‘the’ have the same meaning in this
context – to indicate that the people and the buildings we talk about belong to that place.

28
during/on. Again, both words are acceptable as they have the same meaning of attributing some
action to a period in time.

who/that. Remember that we usually use ‘who’ to refer to people, even though ‘that’ is
acceptable.

him. The pronoun here is used to refer to Jack.

together. ‘Be somewhere together’

TEST 6

was. The previous sentences suggests we are talking about the past. A verb ‘to be’ in past simple
is all we need here.

them. The same construction with ‘them’ is used throughout the sentence: “… accepted them,
stored them, tested them… “

over. “From all over the world” is a set phrase here.

country/region. Both words can be used here.

looked. ‘To look after’ here is to take care, to make sure it is in good working order.

charge/control/possession. Was responsible for/controlled/had the facts.

What. The introductory word for the question.

went. ‘Sent’ can’t be used here as it would require ‘to’ before to make is passive.

TEST 7

though/when. ‘Though’ is used to contrast two ideas in the sentence. We can also use ‘when’ to
connect two ideas, although with lesser contrasting.

did. “As did” is an expression that is used to avoid saying “the Aztecs chewed gum”. The meaning
is the same to construction “So did”.

until/till. “It wasn’t until” indicated a period of time that marked the beginning of chewing gum
popularity as we know it. ‘Till’ can also be used, the less formal option.

when. A reference to the previous date is made, clarifying what happened in that year.

despite. Another contrast is introduced by “despite the fact” construction.

as. “To regard as” has the same meaning as “to believe, to consider”

where. ‘Where’ here refers to the pavement.

29
in. “To be in favour of something” means to be for it, to support it

TEST 8

for. ‘To be responsible for something’ means to be the reason that something has happened,
especially something bad.

many. The idea in these two sentences is that despite the obvious advantages of cycling, few
people actually use bicycles.

to/and. Both options can be used with slightly different meaning: ‘Stop to think’ is to stop in order
to spend some time thinking about it; ‘Stop and think’ are two actions followed by one another.

unlike. A contrast is made between large investments – houses and cars.

top. ‘On top of that’ is a set expression meaning ‘in addition to something’.

which. A relative clause that requires the usage of which (and not that).

less. Making a comparison with the topic of the previous paragraph – cars – we can deduce, that
the word ‘less’ (and not ‘more) is required here.

whether. ‘Whether or not’ means ‘unimportant which of the two options is true’

TEST 9

on. ‘on Earth’ – on the surface of our planet.

as. ‘As a result’ is used in the meaning ‘because, due to’.

them/these/those. Any of the determiners can be used with virtually no change to the meaning
of the sentence.

to. ‘lead to something/to doing something’ – to cause something, to make something happen.

spite. ‘In spite’ is spelled in two words and followed by ‘of’ preposition. Not to be confused with
‘despite’ which is one word and takes no prepositions: ‘In spite of his success he was never truly
happy’; ‘Despite the poor weather we still enjoyed the weekend’

in. ‘In particular’ here has the meaning ‘especially, specifically’.

all. ‘From all over the world’ – from everywhere, from all parts of the planet.

account. ‘On account of something’ – due to, because of something

TEST 10

30
where. The author goes back in time – using ‘when’ conjunction.

so. ‘So’ is used for emphasis and as a reason to do something.

myself. The sentence that follows the gap makes it clear that the author is talking about himself.

in. A degree in something – meaning that the person had that subject as their major at college or
university.

which/that. Both determiners can be used here. See more on difference between relative
clauses.

out/on/at. Different prepositions change the meaning slightly. ‘To work out’ is to understand how
something works. ‘To work on’ is to spend your time doing something, similarly to ‘work at’.

from. Apart from here has a similar meaning to ‘other than’.

any. The author doesn’t feel any danger at all because of all the excitement. ‘Some’ shouldn’t be
used here because it would change the message – the author feels very confident, and ‘any kind
of danger’ illustrates that.

31
PART 3
TEST 1

Brain games

According to experts, doing puzzles keeps our brains fit 0.HEALTH

and 0 _____ As well as gaining 17 _____ from finding the correct 17.SATISFY
answer to a difficult problem, we give our brains a good workout in 18.SUCCESS
the process. To help us do this, all sorts of handheld ‘brain games’ 19.COVER
are now available in the shops, and the most 18_____ games have 20.SOLVE
sold in their millions. 21.IMPROVE
What’s more, people 19 _____ that the more they play the games, 22.SCIENCE
the easier it is to find a 20 _____ to the problems posed. They see 23.PERFORM
this as proof that there has been an 21 _____ in the power of their 24.CERTAIN
brains. Unfortunately, however, this may be a false impression.
Some 22 _____ argue that the brain gets better at any task the more
often it is repeated. In other words, the improvement in
the 23 _____ of the brain is something that happens naturally. So
although these brain games are obviously fun to play, it
remains 24 _____ whether they are actually helping to
boost brainpower or not.

32
TEST 2

Don’t catch cold

According to recent 0 _____, at least some of the advice about 0.SEARCH
health that was passed down to our grandparents by previous 17.TRUE
generations may actually contain some 17 _____. 18.RELATION
A good example is the 18 _____ between feeling cold and catching a 19.SUIT
cold. My grandmother was convinced that being outside when the 20.ABSENT
temperature is low, or simply dressing in 19 _____ clothes for the 21.APPROPRIATE
cold weather, was a sure way of catching a cold. 22.SCIENCE
Now, as we know, colds are caused by viruses. Therefore, in 23.FORTUNATE
the 20 _____ of a virus, you cannot catch a cold – no matter how 24.EASY
low the temperature or how 21 _____ your clothing.
But 22 _____ now think that we may have viruses in our bodies
already, which are just waiting for the chance to turn into a cold. In
cold weather, for example, blood vessels in the nose get smaller
to stop heat escaping. 23 _____, also allows the cold virus to attack
the nose or throat more 24 _____. So, perhaps Granny was right!

33
TEST 3
Rafting on the Zambezi river

Victoria Falls on the Zambezi river in Africa is one of the 0.SPECTACLE

most 0 _____ sights in the world. It is also an 17 _____ place for 17.CREDIBLE
water sports. The translation of the local Zambian name for the 18.DESCRIBE
falls is ‘the smoke that thunders’ and it’s a pretty good 18 _____. 19.IMPRESS
On arrival, it’s the noise that makes the greatest 19 _____ on you 20.SURROUND
as the water drops 108 metres in a waterfall that is nearly two 21.FAR
kilometres wide. The 20 _____ landscape is also awesome, and 22.DIFFICULT
well worth a visit. 23.BEGIN
You can’t go white-water rafting over the falls themselves, but 24.DANGER
the rapids 21 _____ down the Zambezi river provide a very exciting
location. Although the rapids are given grades five and six on the
sports 22 _____ scale, there are places where relative 23 _____
can have a go, as long as they are accompanied by experienced
operators. These people guide you through the rapids and ensure
that you don’t stray into the more 24 _____ sections by mistake

34
TEST 4

People in the world of 0 _____ have to be very 17 _____ in the way 0.ENTERTAIN
that they dress. It’s an 18 _____ fact that image is more than just a 17.OBSERVE
case of 19 _____ for a celebrity. How they present themselves is all 18.REFUTE
part of their artistic personality. It would be 20 _____ though to 19.DECORATE
think that somebody can be a successful celebrity just because of 20.FOOL
the clothes they wear. They don’t 21 _____ have to wear 22 _____ 21.NECESSARY
clothing but they do need to be talented and communicative and 22.FLASH
they also need to be 23 _____ of their fans who make them 23.APPRECIATE
successful. They also need to be 24 _____ so that they can cope 24.ADAPT
with all the public attention.

35
TEST 5

Mr Greaves had always been an 0 _____ man who should never have 0.EXCITE
had a 17 _____ position. 17.MANAGE
His bad temper was only just 18 _____ and there was often a 19 _____ 18.BEAR
to tell him to sit down and relax. His office was chaotic with papers 19.TEMPT
everywhere and had 20 _____ no order to it. 20.ABSOLUTE
Once he went to a 21 _____ in Paris and on his 22 _____ at the hotel he 21.CONFER
completely forgot who he worked for when the 23 _____ asked him. 22.ARRIVE
When he tried to help he was a hindrance although his 24 _____ were 23.RECEIVE
always good. 24.INTEND

36
TEST 6

Being a DIY 0 _____ I was happy to take on the challenge of 17 _____ 0.ENTHUSE
an old but 18 _____ cottage. 17.MODERN
I had been given the 19 _____ by a man who used to be an 20 _____ 18.DELIGHT
of mine before he stopped working for me. 19.INVITE
The cottage needed to be changed 21 _____, and my friend had to 20.EMPLOY
remove all his 22 _____ before I could starts. 21.EXTEND
The requirements for such a task are many and before 22.POSSESS
any 23 _____ could be made some organisation was needed. The 23.ARRANGE
final 24 _____ was worth the effort though. 24.TRANSFORM

37
TEST 7

Remembering people’s names

Most of us have suffered the 0 _____ of forgetting someone’s name. 0.EMBARRASS

Often we fail to pay attention when 17 _____ are made, but later on 17.INTRODUCE
in the conversation we don’t want to appear 18 _____ by asking 18.POLITE
them what their name is. 19.COME
Fortunately, there are some simple ways you can 19 _____ this 20.OBSERVE
problem. One is to improve your powers of 20 _____. Practise 21.CHARACTER
studying faces in public places, making a mental note of 22.VARY
physical 21 _____ such as high foreheads or narrow eyebrows. 23.VISION
You’ll be surprised what a wide 22 _____ of shapes and sizes 24.SURE
people’s features have. Then, when you first meet someone,
remember them as ‘Laura with the small nose’, for example.
With surnames, make 23 _____ associations. For instance, imagine
people called Cook, Ford or King making a meal, driving a car or
wearing a crown, respectively. Finally, ending with the person’s
name, as in ‘See you later, Max’ is a good way of 24 _____ that you
don’t forget it.

38
TEST 8

Some years ago, there were 0 _____ that email would soon be 0.PREDICT
replaced as the most common means of online communication by 17.WORK
social 17 _____ sites. Since then, however, the number of emails 18.STEADY
sent has increased 18 _____, to the point that the volume received 19.STRESS
on a daily basis has become 19 _____ for many people. 20.BEAR
For some users, the situation has become so 20 _____ that they 21.RISK
regularly delete all the emails they receive without even bothering 22.COMMERCE
to read them, which is rather 21 _____, to say the least. A less 23.ABLE
extreme measure is to install software that sorts incoming mail 24.DECIDE
into different categories. By doing this, promotions from 22 _____
organisations, for instance, go into a separate folder from
messages arriving from friends or employers, 23 _____ us to see
which emails are more important than others. Not all of us, though,
may be so keen to let software make such 24 _____ for us.

39
TEST 9

Advertising in schools

In certain countries, there has been rapid 0 _____ in the 0.GROW

spending power of teenagers. Realising this, firms are aiming 17.PRODUCE
even more of their 17 _____ at young people, and 18 _____ they 18.INCREASE
are doing this by advertising directly in schools. These 19.CONSUME
companies see children as the 19 _____ of the future, and hope 20.LOYAL
that when they become adults they will maintain their 20 _____ 21.MANUFACTURE
to brands they first started buying in their youth. 22.PROFIT
23.AGREE
As a result, many 21 _____ are keen to supply equipment to
24.HEALTH
schools, sponsor sports activities or provide students with kit
that carries their logo. Other firms install machines selling
snacks and drinks, and these are often highly 22 _____ for both
the companies and the schools.

There is, however, considerable 23 _____ about whether this is

a good idea. Some claim these firms provide a useful service,
but others argue that these machines encourage 24 _____
eating habits at a time when many doctors are concerned
about the diet of the young.

40
TEST 10

An incredible vegetable

Garlic, a member of the Liliaceae family which also includes 0.COMMON

onions, is 0 _____ used in cooking all around the world. China is 17.PRODUCT
currently the largest 17 _____ of garlic, which is particularly 18.ILL
associated with the dishes of northern Africa and southern 19.EFFECT
Europe. It is native to central Asia and has long had a history as 20.SCIENCE
a health giving food, used both to prevent and cure 18 _____ In 21.ADD
Ancient Egypt, workers building the pyramids were given garlic 22.PRESS
to keep them strong, while Olympic athletes in Greece ate it to 23.ADVANTAGE
increase their resistance to infection. 24.SPICE

The forefather of antibiotic medicine, Louis Pasteur, claimed

garlic was as 19 _____ as penicillin in treating infections. Modern-
day 20 _____ have proved that garlic can indeed kill bacteria and
even some viruses, so it can be very useful for people who have
coughs and colds. In 21 _____ , some doctors believe that garlic
can reduce blood 22 _____

The only 23 _____ to this truly amazing food is that the strong and
rather 24 _____ smell of garlic is not the most pleasant!

41
TEST 1

17 satisfaction. Verb to noun transformation.

18 successful. Mind the spelling! Double ‘c’, double ‘s’, one ‘l’.

19 discover. Prefix changes the meaning of the verb to ‘to learn, to find out’.

20 solution. Verb to noun transformation.

21 improvement. Verb is changed to noun. Pay attention to the spelling.

22 scientists. Make sure to pluralise the noun, as suggested by ‘some’ at the beginning of the
sentence and the following ‘argue’.Another difficult word to spell.

23 performance. Verb to noun transformation.

24 uncertain. a prefix is used to make the adjective negative.

TEST 2

truth. Adjective to noun transformation.

relationship. Do not pluralise the noun, otherwise it won’t be counted as right.

unsuitable. Note the negative prefix suggested by the context of the sentence.

absence. Adjective to noun transformation. Make sure to spell the word with ‘c’.

inappropriate. Similar case to Question 19, a negative prefix is needed.

scientists. Plural is required by ‘think’.

Unfortunately. Attacks from viruses is something undesirable, so a negative prefix should be

used.

easily. Adjective to adverb transformation.

TEST 3

17. incredible. Adjective to negative adjective transformation using a prefix.

18. description. Verb to noun transformation.

19. impression. Make sure to spell the noun correctly.

20. surrounding. Verb to adjective transformation.

21. farther/further. Both comparative adjectives are acceptable. Be attentive to spelling.

42
22. difficulty. Do not pluralise the noun

23. beginners. This noun should be pluralised, as suggested by pronoun ‘they’ further in the
sentence.

24. dangerous. Noun to adjective transformation.

TEST 4

observant. Observant is attentive, good at seeing or noticing things and details. ‘Observing’ is
wrong as it means ‘watching, looking’ and doesn’t have the required meaning.

irrefutable. Irrefutable means ‘impossible to argue with, true’. Note the indefinite article ‘an’
before the gaps that indicates that the word should start with a vowel sound. Mind the spelling.

decoration. Decoration here is used in the meaning of something visual, having no function or
practical usage.

foolish. An adjective meaning unwise, not smart.

necessarily. Make sure to get the spelling right or you won’t get the point. One ‘c’, double ‘s’.

flashy. Noun to adjective transformation, flashy means bright, catching attention.

appreciative. Note the preposition ‘of’. To be appreciative of something or someone is to be

grateful for it and acknowledging its importance.

adaptable. Adaptable is being ready and able to change according to the situation

TEST 5

managerial/management. The adjective ‘managerial’ is rather tricky to spell, pay attention to it.
Both options can be used here.

bearable. ‘Was only just bearable’ means ‘almost unbearable, almost intolerable’.

temptation. A temptation is something you want to do very much, usually something you know
you shouldn’t do.

absolutely. An adverb is required here.

conference. The only difficulty here is to understand the link between the relatively unknown
word ‘to confer’ (to exchange idea) and the well-known ‘conference’.

arrival. A noun should be used here. Make sure to spell it with two ‘r’.

receptionist. A person’s occupation should be used here.

43
intentions. An intention is something you plan to do or make

TEST 6

modernising. ‘In charge of doing something’. If you choose to spell it with a ‘z’ instead of ‘s’, make
sure you remain consistent in your spelling throughout your exam.

delightful. An adjective with the positive meaning, suggest with ‘old, but’ construction.

invitation. Make sure to spell the word right.

employee. Not an ’employer’, as the man worked for the author, not the other way round.

extensively. An adverb is required here, pay attention to your spelling.

possessions. Another tricky to spell word, two double ‘s’.

arrangements. More words with difficult spelling, this time a noun. ‘To make arrangements’ is to
prepare something that is needed in order to do something.

transformation

TEST 7

introductions. The plural form of the noun is required, as suggested by the plural form ‘are’ after
the gap.

impolite. The negative form of the adjective is required, the context helps us to understand that.

overcome. The meaning of the word is ‘to solve, to deal with a problem’.

observation. Do not use the gerund ‘observing’, generally avoid using gerunds in CAE Part 3 if an
actual noun can be used in its place.

characteristics. Another plural form should be used here – the author is giving several examples
such as foreheads and eyebrows.

variety. A characteristic of being different. If there’s a variety of something, it means that it

comes in many different forms, shapes or colours.

visual. The following noun suggests that we should be using an adjective.

ensuring. Good way of doing something. Use the en- prefix, as ‘insuring’ has a different meaning.

TEST 8

network/networking. Either is acceptable.

44
steadily. Adverb that means ‘at an even rate’.

stressful. An adjective that denotes stress is needed. Note the ending ‘-ful’ with only one ‘l’.

unbearable. An adjective with a negative meaning is required. Make sure to spell the word right.

risky. An adjective with the meaning of risk.

commercial. Do not forget to spell it with double ‘m’, otherwise you won’t get the point for this
question.

enabling. A prefix ‘en-‘ is added as well as the ending ‘-ing’ to form a verb.

decisions. A plural form is needed as we are not talking about one email, but many of them

TEST 9

products. Plural form of the noun is required here as suggested by the context.

increasingly. To do something in a certain manner – an adverb is required here, formed by

adding ‘-ly’ ending to the word.

consumers. ‘Children’ is plural here and so should be ‘consumers’ – people who consume a
product.

loyalty. ‘Loyalty to something’ (in this case, certain commercial product) means choosing that
particular brand in favour of all others because you’ve used it and liked it in the past.

manufacturers. Another plural form of the word suggested by the determiner ‘many’.

profitable. A common adverb+adjective combination, the adjective formed by adding the ‘-able’
suffix.

disagreement. The context of the last paragraph suggests using the word in the negative, so we
form a noun by adding a negative prefix ‘dis-‘ and an ending ‘-ment’.

unhealthy. Another negative word, this time an adjective, formed by adding a negative prefix ‘un-‘

TEST 10

producer. A noun-forming suffix ‘-er’ is used.

illness(es). Note that the word is spelled with double ‘l’ and double ‘s’.Both plural and singular
forms are acceptable as they do not change the meaning.

effective. A comparison is made using ‘as… as…’ structure.

scientists. The plural form is needed as the verb ‘have’ is used in plural. Another word with tricky
spelling – make sure to get it right otherwise it won’t be scored.

45
addition. ‘In addition’ means ‘what is more, also’.

pressure. ‘Blood pressure’ is a commonly used medical term, so this one shouldn’t cause any
difficulties.

disadvantage. A negative prefix ‘dis-‘ is used to change the meaning of the word to fit the
context.

spicy. An adverb is formed by adding ‘-y’ ending and dropping the letter ‘e’.

46
PART 4
TEST 1

25. Brad speaks English better than his parents do.

AS
Brad’s parents don’t _______________ he does.

26. Cycling is not allowed in the park.

SUPPOSED
You _______________ in the park.

27. ‘I’m sorry I didn’t let you know I was going to be late, Ann,’ said Jamie.
APOLOGISED
Jamie _______________ Ann know that he was going to be late.

28. A heavy fall of snow prevented them from getting home that night.
ABLE
They _______________ home that night because of a heavy fall of snow.

29. Ursula was disappointed not to win the competition.

CAME
Not winning the competition _______________ to Ursula.

30. I paid far more money for my new computer than I expected to.
SO
I didn’t expect _______________ money for my new computer.

47
TEST 2
SINCE
It _______________ Tania last played volleyball.

26. The only thing Carl forgot to buy was a new battery for his watch.
EVERYTHING
Carl remembered to _______________ a new battery for his watch.

27. John was angry because Claire arrived late.

TIME
If Claire _______________ John would not have been angry.

28. I don’t usually wear a hat and so it feels strange.

USED
I am _______________ a hat and so it feels strange.

29. Rob said to Jennifer: ‘You broke the strap on my new camera.’
ACCUSED
Rob _______________ the strap on his new camera.

30. Mark can’t wait to use his new computer-games console.

FORWARD
Mark is _______________ his new computer games console.

48
TEST 3

25. The band probably won’t do another tour this year.

UNLIKELY
The band _______________ another tour this year.

26. It’s very hard for Alex to get up in the morning.

TROUBLE
Alex _______________ up in the morning.

27. Lily is so good at swimming that she is going to train for the Olympics.
SUCH
Lily _______________ that she is going to train for the Olympics.

28. One of us ought to go and meet the visitor at the airport.

SHOULD
The visitor _______________ one of us at the airport.

29. I went to the dentist’s because I couldn’t stand the toothache any longer.
UP
I couldn’t _______________ the toothache any longer, so I went to the dentist’s.

30. I wasn’t invited to the party and feel sad about that.
WISH
I _______________ invited to the party.

49
TEST 4

25. My parents last spoke to me a month ago.

HEARD
I _______________ my parents for a month.

26. All the students had a lot of respect for their teacher.
LOOKED
All the students _______________ their teacher.

27. Linda didn’t feel like eating.

MOOD
Linda wasn’t _______________ eat.

28. My brother was treated unfairly by his teachers.

DESERVE
My brother _______________ treated that way by his teachers.

29. He couldn’t buy the car he wanted because he didn’t have enough money.
TOO
The car he wanted was _______________ buy.

30. We all agreed with my father’s proposal apart from Joy.

EXCEPTION
With _______________, we all agreed with my father’s proposal.

50
TEST 5

25. Michael’s wife finds getting up early every morning difficult.

USED
Michael’s wife _______________ up early every morning.

26. What a pity you didn’t come to the party.

WISH
I _______________ to the party.

27. The burglar failed to enter the house through the first floor window.
SUCCEED
The burglar _______________ the house through the first floor window.

28. My hair needs to be cut before the wedding reception.

MUST
I _______________ before the wedding reception.

29. “Why didn’t I ask her out last night?” John said to himself.
WONDERED
John _______________ asked her out the night before.

30. They think that their school teacher is a very rich man.
BELIEVED
Their school teacher _______________ a very rich man.

51
TEST 6

25. The hairdresser did Mary’s hair last Tuesday.

HAD
Mary _______________ last Tuesday.

26. Andrew’s job is to supervise all the employees of the company.

RESPONSIBLE
Andrew _______________ all the employees of the company.

27. Harry reads faster than his little sister.

READER
Harry _______________ his little sister.

28. “I didn’t steal the lady’s purse”, said the boy.

DENIED
The boy _______________ the lady’s purse.

29. It was our first trip to Italy so we were very excited about it.
TIME
It was the _______________ to Italy so we were very excited about it.

30. “Whose car is this?” he asked.

BELONG
“Who _______________ ?” he asked.

52
TEST 7

25. Thomas spoke so quickly I had difficulty understanding him.

IT
Thomas spoke so quickly I _______________ him.

26. They’ve postponed the match and it’ll be played next weekend.
PUT
The match _______________ until next weekend.

27. I’m never going to speak to Louis again.

INTENTION
I’ve got _______________ to Louis again.

28. It seems certain that lightning started the forest fire.

HAVE
The forest fire _______________ by lightning.

29. It wasn’t worth going to the market because it was closing.

POINT
The market was closing, so _______________ going there.

30. We phoned the restaurant, but they said booking a table wasn’t necessary.
HAVE
We phoned the restaurant, but they said we _______________ a table.

53
TEST 8

25. ‘I’ll take you to the station if you’re ready,’ my brother said.
LONG

My brother said he’d take me to the station _______________ ready.

26. My bike needs repairing again.

GET

I’ll have to _______________ again.

27. The firm said profits had fallen on account of the recession.

FALL

The firm blamed _______________ the recession.

28. Sigourney regretted spending so much in the shops.

WISHED

Sigourney _______________ less in the shops.

29. People believe that poem was written about these beautiful hills.

HAVE

That poem _______________ written about these beautiful hills.

30. Without your help, I wouldn’t have finished the job.

BEEN

I wouldn’t have finished the job if _______________ your help.

54
TEST 9
25. The storm left very few trees standing.

WERE

Hardly _______________ after the storm.

26. ‘What’s the height of that building?’ I asked the guide.

HOW

I asked the guide _______________ was.

27. The new printer is very similar to the old model.

MUCH

There is not _______________ the new printer and the old model.

28. Simon wouldn’t apologise for being so rude.

WAS

Simon refused to _______________ for being so rude.

29. What attracts people so much to this city is its nightlife.

FIND

What people _______________ this city is its nightlife.

30. It’s unlikely our firm will manage to win the contract.

SUCCEED

Our firm is unlikely _______________ the contract.

55
TEST 10

25. Joan was in favour of visiting the museum.

IDEA

Joan thought it would be _______________ to the museum.

26. Arthur has the talent to become a concert pianist.

THAT

Arthur is so _______________ could become a concert pianist.

27. ‘Do you know when the match starts, Sally?’ asked Mary.

IF

Mary asked Sally _______________ time the match started.

28. I knocked for ages at Ruth’s door but I got no reply.

LONG

I _______________ knocking at Ruth’s door but I got no reply.

29. Everyone says that the band is planning to go on a world tour next year.

SAID

The band _______________ planning to go on a world tour next year.

30. I’d prefer not to cancel the meeting.

CALL

I’d rather _______________ the meeting

56
TEST 1

25 speak English as well as. A comparison ‘as well as’ is hinted at by ‘as’ in the task.

26 are not supposed to cycle. Passive form of the verb is required.

27 apologised for not letting. Reporting verb with gerund is used.

28 were not able to go/get. Remember that you can’t change the given word, so ‘were
unable to go/get’ can’t be used, even though it is grammatically and contextually
correct.

29 came as a disappointment. ‘Come as a disappointment’ is a fixed expression. Be

attentive to spell ‘disappointment’ correctly.

30 to pay so much. A comparative expression with ‘so’.

TEST 2

has been/is three years since. Both variants are acceptable.

buy everything except. Note how changing forgot to remembered changes the sentence.

had arrived on time. Past perfect is used to show how one thing happened after the
other.

not used to wearing. Use gerund after ‘used to’

accused Jennifer of breaking. Accuse of something.

(really) looking forward to using. Both variants can be used here.

TEST 3

25. is unlikely to do. ‘unlikely’ makes the rest of the sentence negative

26. has (great) trouble getting. ‘Great’ can be omitted.

27. is such a good swimmer. Don’t forget to include the indefinite article ‘a’.

28. should be met by. Active to passive voice transformation.

29. put up with. ‘To put up with’ is to endure something, to accept something unpleasant.

30. wish I had been. Past perfect passive is used here to show two events happening.

TEST 4

haven’t heard from. Present perfect is needed here to indicate that the speaker still
hasn’t got in touch with their friends.

57
looked up to. ‘To look up to someone’ means to respect someone, to hold someone in
high regard.

in the mood to. ‘To be in the mood for something/to do something’ is to feel like doing
something, to want to do something

didn’t deserve to be. Positive into negative change.

too expensive for him to. It is important to include ‘for him’, as it is he who couldn’t
afford the car. You have to be specific and keep the meaning of the original sentence
unchanged, otherwise you lose one of two points.

the exception of Joy. ‘With the exception of someone’.

TEST 5

isn’t used to getting. ‘Not used to doing something’ means not in the habit of doing it.

wish you had come. Note that we have to use Past Perfect tense here with ‘I wish’
construction.

didn’t succeed in entering. ‘Succeed in doing something’ is used here in the negative as
in the original sentence the burglars failed to get into the house.

must have/get my hair cut. Do not use the word ‘haircut’ as it would mean changing the
original phrasing and possibly getting only one point out of two.

wondered why he hadn’t. Reported speech is used here, which means changing Past
Simple to Past Perfect according to the ‘one step back’ rule of tenses in reported
speech.

is believed to be. A passive construction is used here, as suggested by the keyword

‘believed’

TEST 6

had her hair done. The first ‘had’ refers to the passive voice, the second one – to past
simple (‘last Tuesday’).

is responsible for supervising. ‘To be responsible for doing something’ – to have the
duty to do something.

is a faster reader than. A comparison is needed here, do not to forget the indefinite
article.

denied stealing/having stolen. Do not forget that the limit on words is as low as two, so
‘denied stealing’ is acceptable.

first time we had travelled/been. Since we’re using ‘it’, we are referring to so-called
‘past in the past’, and to show what happened first we have to use Past Perfect.

does this car belong to. “to belong to someone”

58
TEST 7

found it difficult to understand. ‘To find something easy/difficult to do’

has been put off. ‘To put off’ means to postpone, to move to a later date. Note that you
have to use Present Perfect as in the original sentence to get full points.

no intention of (ever) speaking. ‘To have (no) intention’ means to be (not) willing or
planning to do something.

must have been started. A passive voice structure is required here – suggested by the
keyword ‘have’.

there was no point in. If there is no point in something, it is not worth doing.

didn’t have to book. ‘Didn’t have to do something’ – both sentences contain the negative
form of the verb.

TEST 8

as/so long as I was. Remember that in reported speech we take one step back with all
the tenses (as I was…).

get my old bike repaired. Passive voice is used here – as suggested by the keyword
‘get’.

the fall in profits on. ‘To blame on something or someone’. The main difficulty is using
the right preposition.

wished (that) she had/she’d spent. Past Perfect is needed here to show what happened
first and what followed it. In this case first she spent money, then she regretted.

is believed to have been. Another passive voice construction. Make sure to spell
‘believed’ right.

it had not been for. Another Past Perfect tense example to show relation of actions in
time

TEST 9

any trees were left/still standing. Inversion is used here, making the sentence a bit
more difficult to get right. ‘Hardly any’ is the paraphrase of ‘very few’.

how high that building. Even though we’re using reported speech, ‘that’ isn’t changed as
there is nothing to change it to.

much difference between. A comparison between two things is made, using the
construction ‘there is (not) much difference between’.

say (that) he was sorry. ‘That’ is optional here and can be left out.

find (so) attractive about. ‘Attractive’ should be used with ‘about’ and not ‘in’, a common
mistake.

59
to succeed in winning. ‘To succeed in doing something’

TEST 10

a good idea to go. ‘To be in favour of something’ is paraphrased as ‘to think that
something would be a good idea’, then changed accordingly to grammatically fit the
context.

talented that he/she. ‘So talented that’ means ‘talented enough to’.

if he/she knew what/the. We don’t really know if Sally is a boy or a girl, so both pronoun
are acceptable. In the second part, the determiner ‘what’ and the definite article ‘the’ are
interchangeable as the meaning remains unchanged.

spent/took/was a long time. Any of the three verbs are fine as they collocate well with
the verb in Continuous tense.

are/is said to be. Both plural and singular of the auxiliary verb ‘to be’ can be used as we
can either think of it as a single group or as a number of individuals.

not call off OR you/we didn’t/did not call off. I’d rather not means ‘I would prefer not to’.
The second option is more group-oriented, meaning that a group of people are in
charge of making the decision of cancelling the meeting

60
61