SECTION 02: GUIDED CLOZE & ERROR IDENTIFICATION

1
THE BRIDGE
Our group (1) ________ silent at the base of a narrow steel ladder that rose
vertically through the maze of girders at the south-east end of Australia’s Sydney
Harbour Bridge. We needn’t have worried about the first part of the climb. Up to
this (2) ________ our guided tour had been little more than a stroll but now our
task was to face the ladder. It must have been at least fifty feet high. There were
handrails and our safety belts would be tethered to a cable to (3) ________ a fall
but the water couldn’t have been less than 250 feet below us and the (4) ________
of climbing was daunting.
What lay at the top was stepping out on to the exposed upper arch of the
bridge, with blue sky all round and the water almost 262 feet below. We ought to
have found this out before embarking on what now seemed a singularly (5)
________ mission! My own (6) ________ was extreme, but, on this sparkling
morning, I saw no option but to climb to the summit of one of the world’s
best-loved icons - a miracle of engineering recognized by people everywhere.
As I climbed the tension (7) ________ out of me; I was driven by an
exhilarating feeling of conquest. At the top, I dropped my (8) ________ to the vast
pool of the harbor below. It might just as well have been a mill pond from this
height. We stood on a small viewing deck in the warm sunshine, (9) ________
with excitement and arms raised as our guide took a (10) ________ photograph.
1. A. fell B. came C. rendered D. dropped
2. A. position B. period C. point D. place
3. A. hold B. halt C. reduce D. break
4. A. perspective B. proposal C. probability D. prospect
5. A. negligent B. reckless C. careless D. unthinking
6. A. acrophobia B. claustrophobia C. agoraphobia D. arachnophobia
7. A. exuded B. drained C. leaked D. came
8. A. glare B. glimpse C. gazed D. glance
9. A. flushed B. burned C. drenched D. flamed
10. A. celebrant B. celebratory C. celebrated D. celebrity

2
New research reveals that walking just 9.5 kilometers (six miles) a week may
keep your brain sharper as you get older. Research published in the October 13
online issue of Neurology suggests that walking may protect aging brains from
growing smaller and, in (1)__________, preserve memory in old age.
‘Brain size shrinks in late adulthood, which can cause memory problems,’
study author Kirk Erickson of the University of Pittsburg said in a news release.
‘Our findings should encourage further well-designed scientific (2)__________ of
physical exercise in older adults as a very (3) __________ approach for preventing
dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.’ For the study, the team asked 299
dementia-free seniors to record the (4)__________ they walked each week.
Four years later, the participants were tested to see if they had developed
(5)__________ of dementia. Then after nine years had passed, scientists (6)
__________ the participants’ brains to measure size. At the four-year test,
researchers discovered subjects who walked the most had (7)__________ their
risk of developing memory problems by 50 per cent. At the nine-year checkpoint,
those who walked at least 9.5 kilometers a week, had brains with a larger
(8)__________ than those who didn’t walk as much.
This is not the first study to (9)__________ the benefits of walking in seniors.
For example, last spring, Harvard University found that women who walked
regularly at a (10)__________ pace had an almost 40 per cent lower risk of stroke.
1. A. result B. turn C. sequence D. case
2. A. trials B. attempts C. searches D. courses
3. A. indicative B. promising C. fortunate D. ideal
4. A. distance B. length C. duration D. extent
5. A. signals B. factors C. signs D. features
6. A. skimmed B. scanned C. screened D. sounded
7. A. depressed B. declined C. reduced D. dropped
8. A. volume B. amount C. dimension D. quantity
9. A. advertise B. promote C. respect D. admire
10. A. brisk B. hard C. crisp D. brief

3
Even before the turn of the century, movies began to develop in two major
directions: the realistic and the formalistic. Realism and formalism are merely
general, rather than absolute, terms. When using to suggest a tendency toward
either polarity, such labels can be helpful, but at the end they are still just labels.
Few films are exclusive formalist in style, and fewer yet are completely realist.
There is also an important difference between realism and reality, although this
distinct is often forgotten. Realism is a particular style, where physical reality is
the source of all the raw materials of film, both realistic and formalistic. Virtually
all movie directors go to the photographable world for their subject matter, but
what they do with this material - what they shape and manipulate it - determines
their stylistic emphasis.
Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of
concrete reality with a minimum of distortion. In photographing objects and
events, the filmmaker tries to suggest the copiousness of life himself. Both realist
and formalist film directors must select (and hence emphasize) certain details from
the chaotic sprawl of reality. But the element of selectivity in realistic films is less
obvious. Realists, in short, try to preserve the illusion that their film world is
unmanipulated, an objective mirror of the actual world. Formalists, on the other
hand, make no such pretense. They deliberately stylize and distort their crude
materials so that only the very naive should mistake a manipulated image of an
object or event to the real thing.

4
SUGAR: THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE?
Brazil has a good track (1) _____ in research in many areas of science and
technology. It is in the field of bio-energy, however, that the country (2) _____ to
make its biggest contribution. Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugar and
since 1975 has been fermenting sugar-cane juice (3) _____ a substance called
ethanol, which can be used as motor fuel. For many years, the programme (4)
_____ in virtual isolation from the rest of the world, using fairly low-tech methods.
Recently, however, the government has been investing (5) _____ in research
aimed at improving all stages in the process from sugar-cane biology to engine
efficiency.
Whilst the motivation for the investment is largely (6) _____ by energy needs
rather than environmental concerns, the fuel’s green (7) _____ are now also being
emphasized. Net emissions of carbon dioxide from a car (8) _____ on sugar
ethanol are just 20 per cent of those from a petrol-fuelled vehicle. (9) _____, the
bio-energy programme aims to achive a significant increase in supply without a
corresponding rise in the amount of farmland (10) _____ to sugar cane.
1. A. record B. story C. reputation D. success
2. A. stands B. sets C. rests D. ranks
3. A. into B. in C. out of D. on
4. A. took place B. help forth C. carried on D. kept up
5. A. highly B. strongly C. vastly D. heavily
6. A. driven B. stemming C. drawn D. arising
7. A. endorsements B. credentials C. testaments D. referrals
8. A. performing B. working C. running D. burning
9. A. Nonetheless B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. Instead
10. A. occupied B. applied C. consigned D. devoted

5
HAND-MADE HISTORY: THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY
If a picture is worth a thousand words, the seventy-three scenes of the Bayeux
Tapestry speak volumes. The tapestry narrates, in pictorial (1) _____, William,
Duke of Normandy's invasion and conquest of England in AD 1066, when he (3)
_____ the Saxon forces of King Harold at Hastings. Historians believe that the
work was (2) _____ in England, probably around AD 1092, and that it was
commissioned by Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, William's half brother, who ensured is
fame by figuring (3) _____ in the tapestry's later (4) _____. Legends connecting it
with William's wife Matilda have been (5) _____.
The Bayeux tapestry is not, (6) _____ speaking, a tapestry, in which design
are oven into the fabric, but rather a crewel form of embroidery, the pictures being
made by stitching wollen threads into a background of plain linen. The threads, in
(7) _____ of red, yellow, blue and green, must turned have been jewel bright, but
have (8) _____ light brown with age. Moreover, one end of the now 20 inch (50
cm) broad and 231 feet (70 cm) long cloth is missing.
You can view the Bayeux Tapestry in the William the Conqueror Centre,
Bayeux, Normandy, France. An enduring (9) _____ of the times, it is as valuable a
(10) _____ of evidence for the Norman Conquest as photographs or film are today.
1. A. fashion B. type C. design D. form
2. A. originated B. invented C. created D. manufactured
3. A. prominently B. strongly C. powerfully D. sufficiently
4. A. views B. scenes C. frames D. pictures
5. A. disowned B. dispersed C. disgraced D. discounted
6. A. normally B. strictly C. truly D. sincerely
7. A. colours B. shadows C. shades D. earlier
8. A. once B. then C. before D. deserving
9. A. witness B. confirmation C. testimony D. proof
10. A. segment B. part C. piece D. portion

6
Over the last century the world has become increasingly smaller. Not
geographically, of course, but in the sense that media, technology and the opening
of borders has enabled the world’s citizens to view, share and gain access to a
much wider range of cultures, societies and world viewpoints. It stands to reasons
that in order to absorb, configure and finally form opinions about this
information-laden planet, children must be supplied with certain tools. Including
in this list of ‘tools’ are: education, social skills, cultural awareness and the
acquisition of languages, the most important of these being the later. Until
recently, a child who had the ability to speak more than one language would have
been considered a very rare entity. This one-language phenomenon could be
contributed to a combination of factors. Firstly, the monolingual environment in
which a child was raised played a strong role, so did the limited, biased education
of the past.
Nowadays, the situation has undergone an almost opposite reversal. In the
majority of North American and European countries, most children are given the
opportunity to learn a second or even a third language. In some cases, learning a
foreign language is a compulsory subject in the state school syllabus while in
others, children are born into bilingual parents, who may teach the children two
languages. Bringing up one’s child bilingually is not a decision to be taken
slightly. Both parents must consider long and hard the implications involved in
raising a child in a two-language home.

7
A LACK OF COMMUNICATION
Recent research has revealed that a third of people in Britain have not met
their (1) _______ neighbors, and those who know each other (2)_______ speak.
Neighbors gossiping over garden fences and in the street was a common
(3)________in the 1950s, says Dr Carl Chinn, an expert on local communities.
Now, however, longer hours spent working at the office, together with the Internet
and satellite television, are eroding neighborhood (4)_________. "Poor
neighborhoods once had strong kinship, but now prosperity buys privacy," said
Chinn.
Professor John Locke, a social scientist at Cambridge University, has
analyzed a large (5)________ of surveys. He found that in America and Britain the
amount of time spent in social activity is decreasing. A third of people said they
never spoke to their neighbors at (6)________. Andrew Mayer, 25, a strategy
consultant, rents a large apartment in West London, with two flat mates, who work
in e – commerce. "We have a family of teachers upstairs and lawyers below, but
our contact comes via letters (7)________ to the communal facilities or complaints
that we've not put out our bin bags properly," said Mayer.
The (8)________ of communities can have serious effects. Concerned at the
rise in burglaries and (9)_______ of vandalism, the police have relaunched crime
prevention schemes such as Neighborhood Watch, (10) on people who live in the
same are to keep an eye on each others' houses and report everything they see
which is unusual.
1. A. side-on B. next-door C. close-up D. nearside
2. A. barely B. roughly C. nearly D. virtually
3. A. outlook B. view C. vision D. sight
4. A. ties B. joins C. strings D. laces
5. A. deal B. amount C. number D. measure
6. A. least B. once C. all D. most
7. A. concerning B. regarding C. applying D. relating
8. A. breakout B. breakup C. breakdown D. breakaway
9. A. acts B. shows C. counts D. works
10. A. asking B. calling C. inviting D. trying

8
 OWNING A PET
The joys and tribulations of being a pet owner! During our lifetime most of us
have some experience of either owning a pet or being in (1) _______ contact with
someone who does. Is there such a thing as “the ideal pet”? If so what characterizes
the ideal pet? Various (2) _______ influence one’s choice of pet, from your
reasons for getting a pet to your lifestyle. For example, although quite a few pets
are relatively cheap to buy, the cost of (3) _______ can be considerable.
Everything must be (4) _______ into account, from food and bedding, to
vaccinations and veterinary bills. You must be prepared to (5) _______ time on
your pet, which involves shopping for it, cleaning and feeding it. Pets can be
demanding and a big responsibility. Are you prepared to exercise and an animal
or do you prefer a more independent pet? How much (6) _______ room do you
have? Is it right to lock an energetic animal into a (7) _______ space? Do you live
near a busy road which may threaten the life of your pet? Pets (8) _______ turtles
and goldfish can be cheap and convenient, but if you prefer affectionate pets, a
friendly cat or dog would be more (9) _______. People get pets for a number of
reasons, for company, security or to teach responsibility to children. Pets can be
affectionate and loyal and an excellent source of company as long as you know
what pet (10) _______ you and your lifestyle.
- tribulation (n) /trɪbju’leɪʃən/ nỗi đau khổ, nỗi khổ cực; sự khổ não
1. A. near B. close C. narrow D. tight
2. A. measures B. elements C. facets D. points
3. A. upkeep B. maintenance C. upbringing D. raising
4. A. considered B. held C. taken D. kept
5. A. take B. waste C. occupy D. spend
6. A. free B. spare C. empty D. vacant
7. A. confined B. detained C. reduced D. closed
8. A. so that B. as for C. as if D. such as
9. A. suited B. appropriate C. likely D. good
10. A. fits B. matches C. suits D. goes with

9
The Statue of Liberty is the famous statue that stands in Liberty Island in New
York Harbour. At a height of 151 feet, it is extremely tall. The statue was a gift to
the United States from the people of France, and over the years it had become a
symbol of freedom. Many people think an American designed it, but it was in fact
created by a French artist, Frédéric Bartholdi.
The designer had tried many designs and models, included children and
animals, before he chose a female figure, wearing a gown and cloak, holding a
torch high above his head. The statue’s body looks like a Greek goddess. In the
early drawings, the statue’s face was going to look like the president’s wife, and
Bartholdi decided to copy the face of Charlotte Beysser, Batholdi’s mother.
Bartholdi decided to make the skin of copper sheets. This was a good choice
because the workmen were able to lift and work with the sheets with no difficulty.
He considered other cheaper matals but thought they might be so hard to work with
because of its weight.
On October 28th 1886, the President of the United States opened the Statue of
Liberty in q ceremony in front of a huge, exciting crowd. The President gave a
long speech, and Bartholdi was asked to give one too but he refused because he
was a shy man. A fireworks display was delayed until November 1st because of
poor weather, but the parade went ahead as plan.

10
Communes have existed when history was first recorded. I grew up on one in
the late 1960s, when more than 2,000 were formed in the USA. However, I was
never surewhat exact a commune was defined as: only what it was like to live on
one. When I left the commune at twelve years old, I was astounded to encounter
almost entirely negative views of communes from people in "mainstream" society.
There were two main types of communes. In the "Anarchistic commune" there is
an agreement to reject establishment and organizational worlds. Usually anyone is
welcome, members are temporary, and they are no rules. For example, the Oregon
Farm, a small and short-lived rural commune, emphasized individual so much so
that there were no real guidelines for living - no norms for membership, behaviour
and meal times. Members were transient and there were many arguments about
who got what and why, and about work. For example, the women felt it was unfair
that they had all the housework and childcare responsibilities through the men
worked in the fields.
The second type of is the "service commune”, which people pool resources
and agree to live in a certain way with a motivating philosophy. Membership is
more closed, residents must commit to the commune's purpose. This type is
socially organized by leaders and rules. Usually this type of commune has a sense
of purpose that bind the people within the commune together toward a common
goal.
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11
THE SOUTHEST ASIAN GAMES
The Southest Asian Games (also known as the SEAGames) is a (1)
_____________ multi-sport event involving participations from the current 11
countries of Southest Asia. The Games (2) _____________ its origin to the South
East Asian Peninsula Games (or SEAP Games), which was proposed by delegates
from the countries in Southest Asian Peninsula attending the Asian Games in
Japan in 1958 with a view to (3) _____________ cooperation, understanding and
relations among nations in the region. The first Games was held in Bangkok in
1959 (4) _____________more than 500 athletes and (5) _____________ from 6
countries competing in 12 sports. It was not until 1977 that the name of the event
was changed to Southeast Asian Games. East Timor was the last country (6)
_____________ to take part in the Games at the 22nd SEAGames in Vietnam.
About 4500 athletes from 11 participating nations attended in 402 events in 36
sports featured in the most recent Games hosted by Singapore in June 2015.
Thailand was the overall champion with a total of 247 medals including 95 gold
medals, followed by Singapore at second. Vietnam won 73 gold medals, 53 silver
medals and 60 bronze medals and (7) _____________ a number of records in
several sports such as swimming and athletics, which made the country rank third
in the Games. (8) _____________ several controvesies, the Games was deemed
generally successful with its effective management of cost spent to host the event,
(9) _____________ of public transport and games promotion and with the (10)
_____________ standard of competition by reduction of non-Olympic sports.
Sport enthusiasts in the region are looking forward to the next SEAGames in
Malaysia in 2017.
1. A. biennual B. annual C. monthly D. daily
2. A. traces B. begins C. owes D. has
3. A. promote B. promoting C. promotion D. promoted
4. A. comprising B. consisting C. composing D. containing
5. A. officer B. offices C. officials D. officially
6. A. admitting B. to admit C. being admitted D. to be admitted
7. A. kept B. destroyed C. made D. broke
8. A. Despite B. Though C. Because D. Due to
9. A. arrange B. arrangement C. arranger D. arranging
10. A. raising B. arising C. decreasing D. rising
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12
GERARD MERCATOR: THE MAN WHO MAPPED THE PLANET
When Gerard Mercator was born in 1512, the geography of the globe still
remained a mystery. It was unclear whether America was part of Asia, if there was
a vast (1) ________ of sea at the top of the world or if Australia was connected to
Antarctica.
Mercator’s childhood was spent chiefly in Rupelmonde, a Flemish trading
town on the river, and it was here that his geographical imagination was (2)
________ by the ships which passed to and from the rest of the world. Alongside
imagination, he developed two very different skills. The first was the ability to
gather, (3) ________ and co-ordinate the geographical information provided by
explorers and sailors who frequented the margins of the known. He also had to be
able to imagine himself (4) ________ from the heavens, to achieve the visionary
(5) ________ of gods in the skies, (6) ________ down on the world. The main
reason why Mercator’s name is familiar to us is because of the Mercator
Projection: the solution he (7) ________ to represent the spheroidal surface of the
globe on a two-dimensional plane. It is less well known that Mercator was the first
man to conceive of mapping the (8) ________ surface of the planet or that he (9)
________ the idea of multiple maps being presented in bound books, to which he
gave the name ‘Atlas’.
It is difficult for us now to be surprised by maps, so many are there, and of
such detail and coverage, but we should bear in mind that Mercator lived at a time
when such knowledge was far from (10) ________. He was the man who alter our
worldview for ever.
1. A. territory B. distance C. range D. expanse
2. A. raised B. reared C. supplied D. nourished
3. A. congregate B. amass C. assimilate D. construct
4. A. suspended B. located C. situated D. attached
5. A. inspection B. observation C. perspective D. assessment
6. A. glimpsing B. scrutinizing C. watching D. gazing
7. A. familiar B. famous C. memorable D. recognizable
8. A. invented B. contrived C. devised D. schemed
9. A. sheer B. full C. entire D. utter
10. A. pioneered B. initiated C. lead D. prepared
11. A. typical B. common C. routine D. normal

13
ME AND MY HEALTH
I never seem to stop. I’m not so much a workaholic as the (1) ______’girl
who can’t say no’. Not only have I never learned to organize my time, I need the
deadline to pass before I get going. Then I wonder why I feel (2) ____! I’m very
good at whipping up false energy. Without (3)_____ rest, though, I start to look
grey and then, apart from a good night’s sleep, the only thing that brings me back
to life is meditation. I find that 20 minutes’ meditation is (4) ______ to a night’s
sleep and that keeps me going.
Somehow though, I never get around to meditating on a daily (5) ______ .
I’m no good in the morning. By the time I’ve managed to get up and repair the
(6)_____of the night, half the day’s gone. When it comes to food, I’m a hostess’s
nightmare. As I (7) _____ from migraine, I avoid cheese and stimulants like
coffee, red wine and spirits, which are generally (8) ______to trigger an attack. I
only eat rye bread, as the gluten in wheat makes me feel bloated and ropy. I’ve (9)
______ countless migraine ‘cures’, from the herbal remedy feverfew to
acupuncture. Acupuncture (10)______ balance the system, but nothing stops the
attacks.
1. A. innovative В. first С. foremost D. original
2. A. apathetic В. exhausted С. gruelling D. spent
3. A. sufficient В. severe С. acceptable D. minimal
4. A. compatible В. alike С. equivalent D. proportional
5. A. way В. basis С. routine D. manner
6. A. damages В. wrecks С. ravages D. ruins
7. A. complain В. suffer С. experience D. ache
8. A. foreseen В. maintained С. regarded D. thought
9. A. tried В. experimented С. searched D. proved
10. A. assists В. improves С. restores D. helps

14
CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY FESTIVAL
Have you ever tried a strawberry pizza? If you went to Oxnard, the
‘‘Strawberry Capital of California,” in May, you could!
Oxnard is in Southern California and the part of the state takes its
strawberries very serious. At the two-day California Strawberry Festival you can
see and try strawberries prepared in all kinds of ways. In addition to traditional
treatments such as strawberry shortcake, strawberry jam, strawberry tarts and
strawberries dipped into chocolate, there is strawberry pizza! This dessert pizza is
topped with strawberries, sour cream, cream cheese and whipped cream on
sweetened bread baked like a pizza. Strawberry kebabs dipped in powdered sugar
are another delicacy. And drinks such as a strawberry smoothie can wash it all
away.
Strawberries are a big business in Oxnard. The annual strawberry revenues
are $100 million from Oxnard’s bountiful 6,600 berry acres. Twenty-four
companies harvest and cool nearly 16 million trays of berries, which are shipped
throughout North America as long as to Germany and Japan. The festival, which
attracts more than 85,000 visitors, features three stages with musical
entertainment, 335 arts and crafting exhibits, strolling musicians, clowns, artists,
face-painting, contests, and a “Strawberryland” for children with puppets,
magicians, musicians, and a pet zoo.

15 In some questions in this exercise, you can choose MORE THAN ONE answer.
The well-being of America’s rural people and places depends upon many
things – the availability of good-paying jobs; (1)_______ to critical services such
as education, health care, and communication; strong communities; and a healthy
natural environment to (2) ______ but a few. And, (3) _______ urban America is
equally dependent upon these things, the challenges to well-being look very
different in rural areas.
 Small-scale, low-density settlement (4) _______ make it more costly for
communities and businesses to provide critical services. Declining jobs and
income in the natural resource-(5) ________ industries that many rural areas
depend on force workers in those industries to find new ways to make a living.
Low-skill, low-wage rural manufacturing industries must find new ways to
challenge (6) _______ by the increasing number of foreign competitors.
Distance and remoteness (7) _______ many rural areas from being connected
to the urban centers of economic activity. Finally, changes in the availability and
use of natural resources located in rural areas affect the people who earn a living
from those resources and those who (8) _______ recreational and other benefits
from them.
Some rural areas have met these challenges successfully, achieved some level
of prosperity, and are (9) _______ for the challenges of the future. Others have
neither met the current challenges nor positioned themselves for the future. Thus,
concern for rural America is real. And, while rural America is a producer of critical
goods and services, the concerns goes (10 ) _______ economics. Rural America is
also home to a fifth of the Nation’s people, keeper of natural amenities and
national treasures, and safeguard of a unique part of American culture, tradition,
and history.
1. A. access B. challenge C. advantage D. key
2. A. say B. write C. utter D. name
3. A. when B. while C. since D. because
4. A. tools B. styles C. means D. patterns
5. A. dependant B. based C. free D. reliant
6. A. posed B. created C. raised D. arisen
7. A. impede B. ease C. facilitate D. hinder
8. A. involve B. bring C. derive D. evolve
9. A. ineluctable B. ready C. prepared D. ineligible
10. A. under B. beyond C. with D. up
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16
London is the city which seems to draw people like a magnet from across the
country, not to (1) ________ from around the world. London is cool, fashionable
and multi-cultural. For the (2) ________ student, it is the most incredible arts,
academic, and entertainment centre.
London is one of the few real student capitals of the world. Despite the grime,
the high costs, the troublesome transport system, and the (3) ________ sensation
of living with eight million people, students (4) ________ to the city’s universities.
However, rents are steep, with students paying around £75 a week for a room
in a shared house. (5) ________ of residence are little over this price – but, of
course, include meals and bills
 Work is plentiful at the moment, so a part time job should be easy to (6)
________ across, and there are all sorts of graduate opportunities with the best (7)
________ of (8) ________ in the country, The London institutions try to play (9)
________ the cost of living so as not to put off future students, there is no doubt
about it, London costs money and you will be looking at sizable debt (10)
________ graduating.
1. A. say B. include C. utter D. mention
2. A. budding B. bidding C. blooming D. blithering
3. A. intense B. overawed C. overwhelming D. overloaded
4. A. wave B. pounce C. stem D. flock
5. A. halls B. accommodation C. dormitories D. wards
6. A. get B. come C. cut D. run
7. A. rates B. terms C. conditions D. means
8. A. payout B. pay-off C. paying D. pay
9. A. over B. down C. out D. off
10. A. under B. with C. on D. up
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17
Why did you decide to read this, and will you keep reading to the end? Do
you expect to understand every single part of it and will you remember anything
about it in a fortnight’s (1) ________? Common sense (2) _______ that the
answers to these questions depend on “readability” – whether the (3) _________
matter is interesting, the argument clear and the (4)________ attractive. But
psychologists are trying to (5) _________ why people read – and often don’t read
certain things, for example technical information. They also have examined so
much the writing as the readers.
Even the most technically confident people often (6) _________ instructions
for the video or home computer in favor of hands-on experience. And people
frequently take little notice of consumer information, whether on nutritional labels
or in the small print of contracts. Psychologists researching reading (7) _________
to assume that both beginners and competent readers read everything put in front
of them from start to finish. There are (8) _______ among them about the role of
eyes, memory and brain during the process. Some people believe that fluent
readers take in very letter or word they see; others (9) _______ that readers rely on
memory or context to carry them from one phrase to another. But they have always
assumed that the reading process is the same: reading starts, comprehension (10)
________, then reading stops.
1. A. term B. gap
C. period D. time
2. A. informs B. transmits
 C. suggests D. advises
3. A. text B. content
C. subject D. topic
4. A. layout B. nassembly
C. pattern D. formatio
5. A. value B. determine
C. rate D. ensure
6. A. pass B. miss
C. ignore D. omit
7. A. tend B. lead
C. undertake D. consent
8. A. contests B. arguments
C. objections D. separations
9. A. direct B. insist
C. press D. urge
10. A. issues B. sets
C. establish D. occurs

18
Why is it that many teenagers have the energy to play computer games until
late at night but can't find the energy to get out of bed (1)_______ for school?
According to a new report, today's generation of children are in danger of getting
so (2)________ sleep that they are putting their mental and physical health at
(3)________. Adults can easily survive on seven to eight hours' sleep a night,
(4)________ teenagers require nine or ten hours. According to medical experts,
one in five youngsters (5)_________ anything between two and five hours' sleep a
night less than their parents did at their age.
This (6)_________ serious questions about whether lack of sleep is affecting
children's ability to concentrate at school. The connection between sleep
deprivation and lapses in memory, impaired reaction time and poor concentration
is well (7)_________. Research has shown that losing as little as half an hour's
sleep a night can have profound effects (8)________ how children perform the
next day. A good night's sleep is also crucial for teenagers because it is while they
are asleep (9)________ they release a hormone that is essential for their 'growth
spurt' (the period during teenage years when the body grows at a rapid rate). It's
true that they can, to some (10)________, catch up on sleep at weekends, but that
won't help them when they are dropping off to sleep in class on a Friday afternoon.
By Tim Falla and Paul A. Davies. Solutions Advanced. OUP
1. A. behind time B. about time C. in time D. at time
2. A. few B. less C. much D. little
3. A. jeopardy B. threat C. risk D. danger
4. A. or B. because C. whereas D. so
5. A. puts B. gets C. brings D. makes
6. A. raises B. rises C. results D. comes
7. A. organized B. arranged C. established D. acquired
8. A. in B. on C. to D. at
9. A. at which B. which C. where D. that
10. A. rate B. extent C. level D. point

19
It is very difficult to succeed in the music business; nine out of ten bands that
release a first record fail to produce the second. Surviving in the music industry
requires luck and patience, but most of all it requires and intricate knowledge of
how a record company is functioned. The process begins when a presenter of a
company’s Artist and Repertoire (A&R) department visits bars and night clubs,
scouting for young, talented bands. After the representative identifies a promised
band, he or she will work to negotiate a contract with that band. The signature of
this recording contract is a slow process. A company will spend a long time to
investigate the band itself as well as current trends for popular music. During this
period, it is important that a band reciprocates with an investigation of its own,
learning as much as possible about the record company and making personnel
connections within the different departments that will handle their recordings.

20
All at once it was night. The track was grassy and even in daylight showed up
hard at all against the moor, so it was difficult to keep on it now. If only I had been
a smoker with match always to hand, or if my torch had been in my pocket instead
of in the suitcase, I must have walked with more assurance. As it was, I was
terrified of hurling over the edge in the cliff to the rocks below. When I did stray,
however, they was towards the hills. I felt my feet squelching and sticking in
anything soggy. There was no bog to my knowledge near the track, so I must have
wandered the long way off my course. I intricated myself with difficulty and very
cautious edged myself towards the sound of the sea. Then I bumped in a little
clump of trees that suddenly loomed up behind me.
Source: https://www.facebook.com/chuyentienganhcvt

21
0. A. Radically B. centrally C. sweepingly D. rationally
THE CHANGING ROLE OF LIBRARIANS
A combination of new technology and shifting student expectations is (0)
____A____ altering the job of a college or university librarian. Many librarians
now regard themselves as information brokers who (1) ________ and manage
access to the information resources needed for learning, teaching and research.
They agree that the pace of change has (2) ________ and much more content is
delivered electronically.
As a result of this, a librarian’s responsibilities include information
technology, knowledge management and institutional portals, in addition to being
excellent managers and interpreters of services which may be provided from a
growing (3) ________ of global resources. Despite tremendous changes within
library environments, these (4) ________ are regarded as stimulating. Librarians
respond by being fl exible and adaptable in establishing a strong customer (5)
________, requiring the expansion of their skills to providing (6) ________ to
internet users and delivering e-services. (7) ________, most librarians say that
many traditional library skills are still (8) ________ in the digital world.
1. A. enable B. facilitate C. incorporate D. render
2. A. accelerated B. gathered C. raced D. hastened
3. A. accumulation B. extent C. series D. range
4. A. goals B. challenges C. achievements D. strengths
5. A. point B. attention C. focus D. contact
6. A. encouragement B. approval
C. support D. supplies
7. A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Similarly D. Therefore
8. A. applicable B. expedient C. preferable D. parallel

22
0. A. In particular B. in any case C. in turn D. in the end
SCIENTISTS AND COMMUNICATION
Scientists are often accused of being poor communicators, yet there are many
reasons why scientists, (0) ___A____, should be and often are good
communicators. After all, science calls (1) _______ enthusiasm and scientists
often possess this (2) _______ quality in large qualities. Enthusiasm can be
infectious, but to command the interest of readers, scientists must develop their
other (2) _______ talents: clarity, observation and knowledge.
Those scientists who are logical thinkers can usually write clearly, and the
more clearly thoughts are (4) _______, the greater the potential value. In the same
way, those who observe must take amount of subtle differences for the
observations they may (5) _______ as significant. Finally, those who write must
have something of (6) _______ value to say.
A scientist who work never sees the (7) _______ of day has achieved nothing
of worth until somebody else hears about it. It is essential, therefore, for scientists
to lay to (8) _______ the myth that they cannot communicate, once and for all.
1. A. On B. up C. for D. in
2. A. arresting B. engaging C. catching D. fetching
3. A. Native B. innate C. standard D. typical
4. A. Put across B. come over C. given out D. set up
5. A. Document B. predict C. enter D. pronounce
6. A. Basic B. radical C. intrinsic D. central
7. A. Light B. start C. dawn D. birth
8. A. Sleep B. rest C. bed D. ground

23
0. A. Bright B. polished C. shining D. glossy
NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE
Law firm Matthews and Reynolds is a (0) ____C_____example of business
using art to revamp its public image. The film hired an advertising agency called
Eyeopener to carry out a rebranding (1) ____________ and gave the agency (2)
_________ rein to take the company by the scruff of the neck and effect a major
makeover. The firm wanted smart, contemporary imagery which would symbolise
an innovative, forward-thinking business.
(3) ____________ the firm now has a new logo, and all its advertising
material features clever modern images which are (4) ____________ on the eye.
Director Alan Ross comments: ‘The image Eyeopener (5) ____________ say a lot
about our approach, size and experience. And we were delighted with the
advertising campaign the subsequently (6) ____________, using a stylish,
sophisticated approach with a touch of humour here and there.’
Public response to the rebranding has been excellent, and what appeared to be
a (7) ____________ old law firm has been given a new lease of (8) ____________
as an adventurous and confident concern.

1. A. Routine B. exercise C. transaction D. function

2. A. Extra B. complete C. wide D. free
3. A. In the end B. After all C. As a result D. in total
4. A. Easy B. attractive C. delightful D. agreeable
5. A. Stood up for B. came up with C. got through to D. fell back on
6. A. Portrayed B. devised C. imagined D. drafted
7. A. Dusty B. tedious C. murky D. monotonous
8. A. Fortune B. energy C. time D. life

24
0. A. managed B. functioned C. performed D. worked
PHOTOGRAPHY AT ITS MOST DARING
Photographers who have (0) _________ so close to volcanoes that their
clothes started to burn, come within stroking (1) _________ of tigers in the wild,
or dived under the sea ice freezing cold water have (2) _________ forces for an
exhibition, (3) _________ as displaying images from the harshest places on Earth.
Polar bears and seals were (4) _________ on camera by a photographer who
grew up in the Arctic and trained as a (5) _________ biologist. He dives under the
sea ice to swim with his subjects, once offending a leopard seal by (6) _________
the penguin she tried to feed him with. Another exhibitor has recorded not only
tigers but also chimpanzees that had never before encountered human beings. The
volcano enthusiasts work in fireproof suits, always at risk of becoming so (7)
_________ by the beauty of the eruptions that they venture too close. There are
invisible pockets of gas as well as flames, all of which contribute to the (8)
_________ of being an extreme photographer.
1. A. interval B. space C. distance D. reach
2. A. united B. joined C. merged D. integrated
3. A. billed B. announced C. labelled D. scheduled
4. A. snatched B. captured C. taken D. suspended
5. A. aquatic B. sea C. marine D. ocean
6. A. repulsing B. denying C. dismissing D. refusing
7. A. transfixed B. bound C. focussed D. held
8. A. reckless B. deadly C. alarming D. fearful

25
0. A. disagreement B. dissent C. dispute D. discord
ENGLAND’S BREAKFAST REVOLUTION
The importance of a good breakfast is beyond (0) ________ according to
health experts, but in historical terms breakfast is a relatively new arrival in
England, with descriptions of breakfast seldom (1) ________ in medieval
literature. (2) ________, there are scattered references to travellers having a meal
at dawn before (3) ________ on arduous journeys, and to the sick sitting down to
breakfast for medicinal reasons, but most people went without unless they were
monarchs or nobles.
However, in the sixteenth century it gradually became the (4) ________, not
the exception. Some writers have (5) ________ this to the greater availability of
food. Proponents of this view have not always considered other profound social
changes. For example, new (6) ________ of employment may well offer a
plausible explanation for the greater importance now (7) ________ to breakfast, as
individuals were increasingly employed for a prescribed number of hours. Often
this involved starting work extremely early. Thus, having a meal first thing in the
morning was (8) ________ in necessity, and was no longer associated with social
status alone.
1. A. displaying B. manifesting C. disclosing D. featuring
2. A. Deservedly B. Admittedly C. Conceivably D. Assuredly
3. A. engaging B. launching C. embarking D. committing
4. A. norm B. prototype C. standard D. trait
5. A. attributed B. assigned C. accounted D. accorded
6. A. figures B. shapes C. lines D. patterns
7. A. linked B. fixed C. attached D. secured
8. A. embedded B. rooted C. entrenched D. founded

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