National Survey Report

A measure of the extent

of socio-religious intolerance and radicalism
within Muslim Society in Indonesia
 Samples

The survey design employed multistage random sampling with an

estimated margin of error of 2,6% and a confidence level of 95%.

The survey sample is comprised of 1,520 adult respondents (at least 17

years old or married) from all 34 provinces of Indonesia.

The data collected was collected in March-April 2016.

Survey Questions

What is the potential extent of support

within Muslim society in Indonesia for
acts of radical intolerance?

What key factors contribute towards

socio-religious intolerance and
radicalism in Indonesia?

What sections of Indonesian Muslim

society can be categorized as
intolerant and radical?

What steps should be taken to reduce

the propensity for religious radicalism
and intolerance?
 Terms & Definitions - 1

THE POTENTIAL FOR SOCIO-RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE

Attitudes and actions aimed at blocking, opposing or denying
the civic rights of citizens guaranteed by the constitution,
raised in the name of religion.

Denial of the rights of non-Muslims

Denials of the rights of Groups most

disliked despite same religious background
Eight Groups Most Disliked
  Disliked Group
Intolerance  Indicators
  Disliked Group
Tolerance  Index
  Non-Muslim
Intolerance  Indicators
  Non-Muslim
Tolerance  Index
 Terms & Definitions - 2

THE POTENTIAL OF SOCIO-RELIGIOUS RADICALISM

Participation, or willingness to participate, in events involving, or
potentially involving, violence in the name of religion

EVENTS POTENTIALLY INVOLVING VIOLENCE

‘Sweeping’ raids on places considered contrary to sharia law; Attacks on
houses of worship of other faiths; Demonstrations against groups
perceived as tarnishing the sanctity of Islam; Being active in groups that
explicitly work to impose sharia law.

Many Islamic organisations support more extensive implementation of

sharia law, BUT radical organisations are distinguish by their stated
commitment to ‘the implementation of sharia’.
  Socio-Religious
Radicalism  Indicators
  Socio-Religious
Potential
Radicalism
Radicalism  Index
% Score

The majority of
Indonesian Muslims
(72%) are against radical
actions

Only 7.7% are willing to

take radical action if there
is an opportunity and 0.4%
had been involved in
radical actions

PROJECTIONS based on 150 million Muslim adults in Indonesia:

7.7% POTENTIALLY equates to 11 million people and 0.4 %
POTENTIALLY equates to 600,000. [not actual number]
 Characteristics of Radical Groups
in Indonesia

Tend to have been exposed

Tend to hold to a narrowly
to religious information
Young & Male literal understanding of
containing messages of
religious teachings
suspicion and hatred

Tend to deny or be opposed

Tend to justify and support
to the recognizing the rights
the actions and movements
of citizens from disliked
of radicals
groups
SOURCES OF RELIGIOUS INFORMATION
Factors That Do Not Correlated

Education

Income

Dwelling Place (City - Village)

 Key Factors Influencing
*Socio-Religious INTOLERANCE

Feelings of
Isolation / Intolerance towards
Deprivation disliked groups

The more respondents
expressed support for
DEMOCRATIC
VALUES, the lower the
potential for socio-
religious intolerance
LITERAL
UNDERSTANDING
on Jinayah & Muamalah
Level of interest in
following religious
news
 Key Factors Influencing
*Socio-Religious RADICALISM

Intoleransi
Support for radical Intolerance
terhadap towards
kelompok
organizations disliked
yang tidakgroups
disukai

LITERAL
UNDERSTANDING
of Muamalah & Jihad
using violence
WOMEN or SENIOR
respondents tend to Lectures containing
have lower potential hostility and
for socio-religious suspicion
radicalism
Support Towards Democracy
Support Towards Pancasila
Support Towards Democratic Values
 Recommendation

PANCASILA AND DEMOCRACY

ARE MAJOR ASSETS
IN OVERCOMING SOCIO-RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE

Central Government
The Ministry of Education and Ministry of
Religious Affairs should develop civics
creative learning modules, using a blend
of conventional methods and social
media communications technology to
strengthen understanding of citizenship
rights and civil responsibilities, and
deepen respect for tolerance and peace
in campuses and public schools
Local Government
Need to take a clear stance on not
facilitating or providing support in
the form of government facilities of
the provisions of resources and
funding for organizations known to
commit intolerant and radical acts
Recommendations
House of Representative
& Regional Legislative
Council
Revise and replace laws and
regulations that are contrary to
Indonesian values as embodied in
Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution
regarding tolerance, respect, and
non-discrimination
National Police
Strictly enforce the law on intolerant
/ radical acts, including hate speech
based on faith/religious belief which
lends to incitement of
discrimination, violence, and even
killings
Civil Society Groups
Mainstream religious social
organizations such as Nahdlatul
Ulama and Muhammadiyah need to
work with their members base to
deepen understanding of Pancasila
values and their support within
Islamic teaching
Regular Citizen
Deepen understanding of the
values of the Pancasila and
Indonesian Islam which are
inclusive and humanist, based on
the belief in the One Almighty God
in order to achieve social justice for
all in a united Indonesia
 “Marilah kita bangun bangsa dan kita hindarkan
pertikaian yang sering terjadi dalam sejarah.

Inilah esensi tugas kesejarahan kita yang tidak boleh

kita lupakan sama sekali.”

- Gus Dur -

Jl. Taman Amir Hamzah No. 8, Jakarta – 10320, Indonesia

Tel +62 21 3928233 / 3145671
Fax +62 21-3928250
info@wahidfoundation.org
www.wahifoundation.org