1.

RATIONALE

Since the amount of students/borrowers and books is increasing, it is necessary to

prepare a space to store them. After a long time, the record books will be stockpiled. It

needs well organized and it is hard to find the record in a short time because they need to

find it one by one. This will cost extra time and is not efficient at all.

Based on the present method, the librarian needs to records the entire booklist and

borrower list manually using a logbook. This manual system is currently misspent time and

might cause mistakes while recording process. The library’s inventory such as books is

always changing within a certain time because of the addition or loss of those inventories.

With the present manually system, the monitoring process of this inventory becomes

complicated. For example, if one over hundreds of books is lost, they need to check one by

one of the novel names through a list of hundreds from the logbook to search for the lost

book data.

While the library management system, librarians are able to monitor and manage

the library’s inventory much easier and more efficient. There is a large amount of database

to support future needs and will give added advantages to all library operations.

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2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The transactions related to Book Purchase, Book Issue, and Book Returns are

maintained manually at present along with maintaining the accounts of the Students and

the Lecturers.

All these are to be automated and an application is required to relate all of them

relatively and logically so that the current system can be replaced and accepted without

major changes and problems.

The application should provide quick access to the records maintained and must

reveal the important reviews about the business so that the growth can be easily compared

and should provide with the various reports showing the related details so that the important

decisions could be taken easily.

3. Objectives

The main objective of the application is to automate the existing systemof manually

maintain the records of the Book Issue, Book Return from the student, Stock Maintenance,

Catalog and Book Search to be computerized. So the Book Issue, Return, Searching will

be faster.

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4. SIGNIFANCE OF THE STUDY

The study gave birth to a new system Digital Library Services System)designed to

bring efficiency in the library system operations. It will eliminatesome of the problems

associated with the old (manual) system of librarymanagement, which include cost of

equipment and staff maintenance andalso allow institutions to manage the affairs of

libraries easily.

5. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

5.1 Scope

This project looks into the processes involved in keeping tracks of thebooks in

the library system. The researchers concentrated on theoperations going on in the

Acquisition, cataloging and most especially,circulation sections in the library.

5.2 Limitation

This study will not look in detail into other sections of the library except theonly

three sections aforementioned. The intuitive works like reading of abook before

classification and technical work like ownership stampingconveyance of books etc, this

section is not part of this study.

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6. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In Nigeria, this type of research is not new. Literature review of aresearch topic is

an exercise in which the researcher tries to identify,locate, read and evaluate the previous

studies, observations, opinions,comments related to what he or she intends to research on.

Such areview is intended to provide the researcher with a good knowledge ofup to date

information on what he/she is working on.In this study, we go ahead to review the

comments form someresearchers and writers alike.

Akinyotu (1977), states that library automation has reached variouslevels of

development in many developed and developing countries inthe world.

Reynolds (1985), stated that libraries have been in the informationbusiness several

years before any known modern institution, they ought to have been the ”earliest

beneficiaries” of the application of computer technology to their operation and services.

John W. (1956) stated that librarians ought to be computer literate.

Shera Josse H. (1991), made mention that library computerization is aterm often

used in discussing the use of computers and related equipments to help libraries handle and

manage the physical materialsthat comprises library collections.

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 Velma Veneziano stated that “computer-based library circulation systemhas

resulted in dramatic changes in practice and procedures in the circulation section”.

Kingery and Tauber (1963) stated that nearly all collections areconcerned with

computer-produced book cataloguing.Marlene Clay and Chris Batt (1992) stated that today

it is increasinglydifficult to find libraries which do not use computers in some shape or

form. Better questions are “what benefits should one expect to gain andwhere should it

stop”.

Lorraine M. (1973) says that to cope with the new computer-based systems,

today‟s librarian must learn the language and technique of automated catalogue.

Robert Wedgeworth (1973) noted that computer based acquisitionprocedures

which have been developed at the library provide moreeffective control over fund

accounting and maintenance of anoutstanding order file. The system illustrates an

economical, yet flexibleapproach to automated acquisitions procedures in an academic

library.

Richard De Genaro (1992) however noted that in the development of anautomated

program in a research library, three approaches will beconsidered. The library may decide

simply to wait for developments; itmay attempt to develop an integrated system from start

and will alsodeal with important elements in any program regardless of the approach.These

include building a capability to do automation work, staffing,equipment, organizational

structure and costs.

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 Lawrence Auld‟s (1995) made mention that automated systems of a book order and

circulation control using an IBM 1620 computer wasdeveloped at Oakland University and

it recorded relative degree ofsuccess and failure.

Lancaster(1974), defined library automation as “the most effective model covering

library processing and query operations seems to be onewhere every operations has

immediate access to up-to-date information”. In the light of the above, updating has

become automatic part of themost processes, and an update in one operation is as update

foreveryone, and to a very large extent, the need for replicating date on multiple pieces of

paper is eliminated. Hence, automation helps thelibrary system to operate efficiently.

However, early part of 1970‟s experienced series of oppositions tolibrary

automation. But whatever else Ellsworth Manson‟s (1971) attack on library automation

may have accomplished, it certainly succeeded instarring debate regarding the validity of

use computers in libraries. Inanother attack, as sharply worded as his first, Mason (1971)

described modern society as having retreated from reality, “resulting in an unwillingness

to think problems through their conclusions”; as beingconcerned imitating industry; and as

being unable to question “marketplace ideas.” “These factors “ he said, ” have resulted in

a state of brainlessness that has allowed automation to be launched in libraries forpersonal

and institutional ego reasons; with little critical evaluation and no cost justification.” In his

second article, as in his first, Mason challenged the advocates of library automation to

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respond to his charges.Fortunately, so many people reacted against Mason‟s challenges

tohighlight the need for library automation. In response to Mason’s charges.

Avran (1972) defended automation in an article published with Mason’s entitled

“library automation; A balanced view” she conceded certain short comings in the field

where she admitted that withoutdoubts, hardware had been oversold and many library

automation projects were directed by librarians with a good ideal, but less experience in

computer technology than it takes. But she pointed outthat the great increase in the amount

of materials handled in librariescoupled with rising cost, had made it necessary to find a

means usingprofessional cataloging skills at only one point in the system. Avran

concentrated on the future, noticing that although there aresuccessful systems in operation

now, we are still in a period where thereare issues in need of decisions, problems requiring

solutions andconcepts calling for further development. She questioned the validity of

judging library automation solely on the basis of cost justification,suggesting that libraries

today provide services or handle larger volumesof traffic where computers are used.

Kilgore (1972) stated that a computer possesses the potentials for enabling big

libraries to recapture human qualities of which classical Iberian ship has deprived them

since heir days as one-Liberian libraries.” With a series of specific illustrations, Kilgour

described how libraries would use computers to improve those present services that are

seriously breaking down, to provide personalized bibliographies, and event to lower costs,

an event he said that would occur when entire procedures are automated.

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 Kilgore‟s arguments, like Avran‟s, contain few hard facts about present operations

and thus seem unlikely to sway Mason, whose faith in the future seems quite limited and

whose demands for cost justification cannot be met by most the current automated

applications. Finally, the scientific age has created special problems for libraries because

of an enormous increase in populations, in the number of young people going to school, in

the number of adults going back to school and in the amount of leisure time. These

increases in demand upon library services must be met in the face of a formidable list of

obstacles, foremost among is the explosive growth in the amount of recorded knowledge

that has to be acquired, processed, housed and made available. The cost of books is going

up every year, the cost of processing them likewise. Budgets generally do not permit

expanding the services needed to meet the demands, much less adding new services. Also,

staff and space shortages plague many libraries. Even when there is staff, there is a

maintenance problem. In fact, library automation is the only way to wiggle out of these

multifarious problems, which are attacking library systems’ development.

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7. METHODOLOGY

Figure 7.1 Spiral Model

The Spiral SDLC model starts with a small set of requirements and goes through

each development phase for those sets of requirements. The project developed was large.

It may add functionality for the additional requirement at a later date and changes may

require anytime then the team decided to use this type of SDLC.

7.1 Object Determining Phase

This phase was also known as the system identification phase in the software

development life cycle. The researchers gathered data using data-gathering tools such

as reviewing related articles on the internet and conducted an interview with the client.

In this way, the objectives and requirements of the system were identified and

understand.

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7.2 Risk Identification and Resolving Phase

By using the gathered data the researchers identify and take note of the problem

of the manual transaction of the library. The team studied the requirement they

gathered, had brainstorming in order to resolve the potential risks. In the first iteration,

after the team builds and tested the system, and have the feedback of the clients, the

researchers had alternate solutions and suggestions. The researchers had finalized and

planned strategies.

7.3 Development Phase

The development phase or the engineering phase was the actual development

of the system by the researchers.

7.4 Evaluation and Planning Phase

In this phase, the client evaluated the system and provides feedback. The

researchers conducted a survey as well as interviewed the client to know what will need

to improve in the system. This was done every iteration. After the evaluation, the

researchers planned the next iteration on how to implement the feedback suggested by

the client. This phase was also done in every iteration.

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8. References

https://www.academia.edu/6868210/CHAPTER_ONE_1.0_INTRODUCTION_1._INSI

GHT_INTO_LIBRARY_SYSTEM

https://www.slideshare.net/ieeexploreprojects/library-management-systemsynopsis

https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxpZ2

5vdWJjYWZpbmFseWVhcnByb2plY3RzfGd4OjYyOWVhZjFiMDYxNDgzYjI

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