100 Mtoe=1163 TWhr

17
40
Industry
Services
30 Residential

13 Transport

* services include agriculture

 1618TWh 1613 TWh
1457TWh 1532TWh 1521TWh
1374TWh

Electricity is only 120-140 Mtoe out of ~700 Mtoe of Total Final

Consumption (TFC) ~17-20% of total Energy

 IEA, Electricity generation in India, 2015-2020, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/data-and-

statistics/charts/electricity-generation-in-india-2015-2020
 Government has a target to achieve 175 GW
of grid-connected renewable electricity by
March 2022:
• 100 GW solar
• 60 GW wind
• 10 GW biomass and
• 5 GW of small hydropower.

The 2018 National Electricity Plan sets out

ambitions to achieve 275 GW of renewables
by 2027.
 Tariff is determination is based on guidelines by CERC
(Central electricity regulatory Commission) for other
plants.
 It is the not unit cost of power production it includes profit
also. This tariff becomes the base of power purchase
agreement (PPA).
 Electricity tariff determination has following basis:
• Capital requirement met with 30% equity and 70% loan.
• ~15.5% return of equity.
• Depreciation rate ~5.28%
• Interest rate of ~10% on the loan
• ~10% additional Working capital
 INR in Lakhs
500 MWe 400000 8Cr/MW

Equity 120000
Loan 280000
Working capital 10000
Per Year Expenditure
ROE 18000 15%
Interest 28000 10%
Interest on Working capital 1000 10%
Depr 20000 5%
O&M 10000 2.50%
Salary 10000 2.50%

Total Cost 87000 Lakhs

Units of Electricity produced 876

INR
Cost per kWhr 9.93151
 In the absence of any federal policy
support, the state-level feed-in tariffs would
be INR 5.31/kWh for wind and INR
8.02/kWh for solar energy;
 Compared to the average pooled purchase
price of INR 3.5/kWh, the implied feed-in
premium would be 52% and 129%,
respectively for wind and solar.
 With subsidy installation cost is around INR
5-8 Cr/MW
 Solar Photovoltaic technologies
• The most common PV cells are made from single
crystal silicon.
• Solar PV cells are available as crystalline silicon,
amorphous silicon cells such as Cadmium Telluride
(Cd-Te), Copper Indium diselenide, and copper
indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), dye sensitised
solar cells DSSC and
• other newer technologies such as silicon nano
particle ink, carbon nanotube CNT and quantum
dots.
 Solar thermal power plants
Solar thermal advantages:
 Solar thermal is more space efficient
than solar PV
 They can be up to 70% more efficient in
collecting heat from sun rays than solar
PV
 The technology itself is less complex
than solar PV
 Perfect solution for heating up water
Solar thermal Downsides:
 Solar thermal is less effective in winter
months when sunlight is not so strong
 Solar PV systems are more versatile
than solar thermal ones
 Shorter lifespan than solar panels
Solar PV’s advantages include:
• They can provide clean green
energy for about 30 years
• They can cover around 60% of
household’s energy needs
• They are efficient in summer
time
• They can’t freeze in winter time
Some of the disadvantages:
• The initial investment is quite
hefty
• They require larger area of
space for installation than solar
thermal
• Generate large amount of e-
waste
 The installed capacity of commercial solar
thermal power plants (non storage type) in India
is 227.5 MW with 50 MW in Andhra Pradesh and
177.5 MW in Rajasthan.
 The existing solar thermal power plants (non-
storage type) in India, generating costly
intermittent power.
 These can be converted into storage type solar
thermal plants to generate 3 to 4 times more
base load power at cheaper cost not depending
on government subsidies.
INR 8.5Cr/MW INR 8-9/kWhr
 Today, around 90% of solar panels used
in India are imported from countries such
as China and Malaysia since they’re
cheaper than the locally-made ones that
India is pushing for now.
 But even the home-made ones aren’t top-
notch.
 Lacking of solar thermal plants, which are
simple and are within in house building
capabilities
 The National Institute for Wind
Energy's (NIWE) latest estimate for
India's wind power potential is 302 GW
at 80-100 meters
 The major wind power states are Tamil
Nadu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra
and Rajasthan

 Existing vast 7,600 km coastline for
offshore wind energy in India
 India’s Integrated Energy Policy
projects 800 GW installed capacity in
2031-32
 Around 40 per cent of this, or 320 GW,
will come from renewable energy as
per currently announced plans of the
government.
Installation ~30 Cr/MW, INR 4/kWhr
 Demography of India is having immense
amount of hydro-electric potential and
ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-
potential on global scenario.
 As per assessment made by CEA, India
is endowed with economically
exploitable hydropower potential of the
order of 150 GWe.
 We have an installed capacity of ~50
GWe and Arunachal Pradesh is the state
with highest capacity followed by
Uttrakhand.
 India has over 150 GW of potential, with
63 sites identified and recognised in
national energy policies.
Installation ~8 Cr/MW, INR 2-3/kWhr
Installation ~9 Cr/MW INR 3.5-4/kWhr
Make Efforts to save our Home;
Reduce the demand and dependencies;
Simple living in the lap of the nature is the key