11/12

Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Opportunities and Challenges in
Media and Information
Media and Information Literacy – Grade 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Opportunities and Challenges in Media and Information
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jenelyn A. Abico

Editors: Kenneth B. Cagape, Mary Franciss Antoinette T. Ontal
Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa, Ph.D, Carlo S. Melendres Ph.D, Rolex H. Lotilla,
Arvin M. Tejada
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: John Lester B. Escalera
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Crispin A. Soliven, Jr., CESE - Schools Division Superintendent
Roberto J. Montero, EdD, CESE - ASDS
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Gilda A. Orendain - REPS – Subject Area Supervisor
Belen Fajemolin, Ph.D - CID Chief
Evelyn C. Frusa, Ph.D - Division EPS In Charge of LRMS/
Subject Area Supervisor- ICT
Bernardita M. Villano - Division ADM Coordinator
Carlo S. Melendres, Ph.D - EPS – Senior High School Coordinator
Subject Area Supervisor- ICT

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph\
 11/12
Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Opportunities and Challenges in
Media and Information

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Media and Information Literacy with Grade 11/12 Self-Learning
Module (SLM) on Opportunities and Challenges in Media and Information!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Media and Information Literacy - Grade 11/12 Self-Learning

Module (SLM) on Opportunities and Challenges in Media and Information!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or

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 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Opportunities and Challenges in Media and Information. The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two learning outcomes, namely:

LO 1 – Understand opportunities and challenges in media and information.
(MIL11/12OCP-IIIh-24);
LO 2 - Cite an example of an issue showing the power of media and
information to affect change. (MIL11/12OCP-IIIh-25)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Determine how media and information affect change in society;
b) Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the internet in a
given context; and
c) Give an issue that shows the power of media and information to
affect change.

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Definition of Terms

Challenges

Is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination.

Cybercrime

Criminal activity or a crime that involves the internet, a computer system, or

computer technology.

Illegal Content

Any type of content that could be damaging to young people.

Opportunity

Is a set of situations that makes possible to do something

Power

Media power means the concentration of symbolic power in media institutions,

particularly those of television, radio, and the press.

Source: https://prezi.com/p/5h35qdwoa2iq/opportunities-challenges-and-power-of-media-and-information/

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 What I Know

Enumerate the opportunities (positive effects) and challenges (threats or negative

effects) brought by media (new and traditional) and information. Write your answer
in your activity notebook.

Opportunities Challenges

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Lesson Opportunities and
10 Challenges in Media and
Information
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of self-
expression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe. The
connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created a
huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above-
mentioned concepts.

What’s In

Media provide us with a variety of information however, harmful online effects are
also rampant. Activities such as pornography, defamation, infringement, bullying,
identity theft, profile manipulation, and all others are some of the harmful acts that
can affect a peaceful living.

Positive and negative impacts are both products of media and information.

To learn more about the topic, let’s take a look at the activity.

Notes to the Teacher

Stress the importance of media nowadays but recognize the
dangers that it offers.

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 What’s New

Activity 1
Analyze the illustration below and answer the questions that follow.

Image Source: https://www.toonpool.com/cartoons/truth%20and%20media_57496

Guide Questions:
1. What is the message in this cartoon?
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is the situation about media depicted in the cartoon true in the Philippines? Why
or why not?
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Does the cartoon show a challenge or an opportunity for media and information?
Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

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 What is It

POWER OF MEDIA TO AFFECT CHANGE

March 2016, TCC Group published an article by Charles Gaspar, entitled “How
media Affects Social Change” which reports the following:
“Media and more importantly its ability to reach the public and provide
commentary has been present ever since the existence of a town crier. The tradition
of oration has evolved to broadsheet, books, radio, television, and now to the digital
age.” In April 2016, the World Economic Forum published an article titled 6 ways
social media is changing the world that discussed six observations and predictions
for the way social media is changing the world from experts from the Global Agenda
Council.

1. Across industries, social media is going from a “nice to have” to an essential

component of any business strategy.
2. Social media platforms may be the banks of the future.
3. Social media is shaking up healthcare and public health.
4. Social media is changing how we govern and are governed.
5. Social media is helping us better respond to disaster.
6. Social media is helping us tackle some of the world’s biggest challenges, from
human rights violations to climate change.

Another article from TECH MAISH.com by Bilal Ahmad updated in March 2016
published an article titled “10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media for
Society” enumerated the following:

Advantages: Disadvantages:

Connectivity Cyberbullying
Educate Hacking
Help Addiction
Information and updates Fraud and Scams
Promotion Security Issues
Noble cause Ruin Reputation
Awareness Cheating and Relationship Issues
Helps Gov’t and agencies fight crime Health Issues
Improves business reputation Social Media causes death
Helps in building communities Glamorizes Drugs and Alcohol

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Study the illustration below on the opportunities and challenges of media in society.
Crimes
Incitement of harm,
Infringement of human
rights/defamation. Money
theft/phishing.
Commercial fraud,
Bullying, Copyright
Infringement and identity
theft.
Privacy
It seems as though
privacy is something that
is very easily broken into
when referring to the
media and its audiences.
It is very difficult for
individuals to keep their
information private,
which is why this is such
a important ethical
issues.
Image source: https://redly.social/forums/topic/86-media-and-information-opportunities-and-
challenges/
Age Inappropriate Content
It’s hard to verify the age on the
internet and since anyone can
access the internet including
underage. Thus they are easily
exposed to inappropriate contents
for underage like sexual implicit
and violent contents.
Lack of Verification
Because of the new
media, information
spreads faster than Illegal Content
ever, so fast that “fact Some media are used to distribute
checker” can’t keep up. illegal contents: Illegal images of
Also because anyone child sexual abuse, content
can access the
promoting hate based on race,
internet, some
religion or sexual preference,
information are not
reliable. content instructing or promoting
crime, violence, content that
advocates unsafe behaviour like
extreme dieting or drug taking.
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In an article of Prezi.com, titled “Opportunities, Challenges and Power of Media” by
Flores, A. (2018) discussed the following.

“The spread of new freedoms and extent of frontiers of freedom that the public
authorities have often attempted to control; religious, freedoms, gender, ethnicity
and sexual freedoms based on social and cultural identities.

OPPORTUNITY. It is a set of situations that makes it possible to do something.

1. Economy
Economic actors need accurate and timely information to allocate resources
efficiently, investors and other groups increasing value and demand a governance-
monitoring role from the media. A free and independent press can provide
information and monitoring to the economic policy development process leading to
more effective economic policies. It can also reduce political risk and increase good
governance- conditions that are important for robust economic development.

Media improves the efficiency of the economy by providing actors more and better
information with which make decisions and improving stability.

- Media enhances political coordination in the development of sound economic

policy

- Media sector development can reduce political risk, increasing stability for higher-
risk countries.

2. Education
In Sites Using Video
As we know from the recent ubiquity of online digital video, the video has become a
compelling tool for educational representation. students use it in their projects:
teachers and pre-service teachers use it to study pedagogy; and researchers use it
for capturing and examining how learning happens, as they unfold.

3. Social
In today's world, media becomes as essential as our daily needs. Media of today is
playing an outstanding role in creating and shaping of public opinion and
strengthening of society. Media is the sword arm of democracy. Media acts as
watchdog to protect public interest against malpractice and create public
awareness.

4. Political
The political landscape has changed quite a bit in the last couple of decades. The
internet has played a large role in this transformation. Social media, in particular,
is now a serious factor in political campaigns and in the way people think about
issues.

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Candidates and their supporters constantly post their views on Facebook and
Twitter. Each party has its own pages, from which it broadcasts propaganda and
requests for donations. Let’s look at some of the leading ways that social media
influences politics today.

5. News Around the Clock

One of the ways that social media has transformed politics is the sheer speed at
which news, poll results and rumors are shared. Whereas in the pre-internet days,
people had to wait for the next newspaper or TV news show to get the latest
information, online news is a 24/7 phenomenon.

Social media has taken this a step further. While you can access news on many
websites at any hour, most people spend more time on sites such as Facebook and
Twitter than they do on serious news or political websites. This means that you get
all of the latest trending news stories and opinions shared by your friends
whenever you log on.

6. The Impact of Polls

Political polls are an important part of every campaign. They are often confusing,
because you can often find multiple polls with contradictory results posted on the
very same day.

As with other types of political news, the internet has greatly increased the number
of poll result as we see each day. Social media has accelerated this even more. Not
only do social media sites report the results of polls, you can actually participate in
Facebook polls.

Polls results have a big influence on elections. This is true even if they are flawed. A
poll can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. For example, if people think one candidate is
far ahead in the race, they might conclude there’s no point in voting for the
underdog. When people are posting the latest poll results on social media
throughout the day, there’s a great deal of pressure on candidates to pull ahead of
their opponents.

7. Direct Interaction With Politicians

One of the positive effects that social media has on politics is the opportunity for
voters to interact more easily with candidates and elected officials. Traditionally, if
you wanted to meet a politician or candidate, you’d have to attend a live event. Not
everyone is able to do this. With modern technology, it’s now possible to attend
virtual events where you can participate in live streaming events and interact with
politicians and candidates.

8. Demographics and Targeting

Targeting is used throughout the advertising industry to make sure that ads and
messages reach the right audience. Politicians do this as well. In the age of social
media, politicians and people running for office are able to target their campaigns.

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If a candidate wants to address the concerns of women, college students, retired
people, Latinos or any other group of voters, they can now tailor their messages.
Just as advertisers on Facebook are able to use analytics and targeted advertising,
so can candidates and politicians. Thus, if you notice that political messages seem
to be talking to you personally, this is no accident.

CHALLENGES
It is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination. It
includes Illegal Content, Cybercrime, Copyright, Infringement, Identity Theft.

1. Illegal Content
It’s any type of content that could be damaging to young people, including:real or
simulated violence sexually explicit content illegal images of child sexual abuse
content promoting hate based on race, religion or sexual preference content
instructing or promoting crime or violence content promoting violent extremism
content that advocates unsafe behavior like extreme dieting or drug taking the use
of a computer as an instrument to further illegal ends.

2. Cybercrime
Criminal activity or a crime that involves the Internet, a computer system or a
computer technology.

3. Copyright Infringement
It is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing
certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to
reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative
works.

4. Identity Theft
It is the deliberate use of someone else's identity, usually as a method to gain a
financial advantage or obtain credit and other benefits in the other person's name,
and perhaps to the other person's disadvantage or loss.

POWER
'Media power' means here the concentration of symbolic power in media
institutions, particularly those of television, radio and the press (the common-sense
definition of 'the media'), although the long-term impact of new media on media
power is considered.

1. Business Strategy
It’s a trend that is already spreading to businesses beyond the newsroom, whether
it be because of digital marketing or new customer service communication
channels.

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2. Banks of the Future
Social media is transforming banking relationships in very significant ways, from
improving customer service to allowing users to send money to others via online
platforms. New financial technology companies are using social media to help
people simply open a bank account. Social media can even impact your ability to
get a loan.

3. Health Care & Public Health

Social media has been responsible for relevant changes in both personal and
community health, especially by making it easier for large numbers of people to
rapidly share information.

Looking back on the opportunities and power of media presented above, we can
conclude that technology becomes a very powerful in almost all aspect of human
living and society. However, challenges in regards with its use are also lurking in
every corner. With these, responsible use media should always be taken into
consideration.

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 What’s More

Read and discuss each question below.

Guide Questions:

1. Describe how new technologies led to affect change

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. As a student, what do you consider is the biggest challenge and ,on the other
hand, the best opportunity offered to you by the new media?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. How media affect change in society nowadays?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 1: Let’s summarize our lesson by answering the following questions.

1. Enumerate the advantages and disadvantage offered by social media today.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Media is changing the world through…

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 2: Make a concept map on the implication of media in the following
sectors:

Education

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

Implication of
Politics Media in the Politics
society

_______________________ ______________________

_______________________ ______________________

_______________________ _______________________

Economy

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Complete the sentences below by providing the advantages and disadvantages of

media and information in the given contexts.

1. The internet as a Tourism support

The internet can empower local tourism through__________________________.

It can help develop_____________________. However, the internet can also pose
issues or problems to local tourism. Some examples of these problems are
________________________. In order to maximize the power of the internet to promote
local tourism, we must ____________________________.

2. Cyber libel

The internet can empower freedom of speech through _____________________. It can

have positive developments in_____________________. However, the internet can also
pose issues or problems to online speech freedom. Some examples of these
problems are________________________. In order to maximize the power of the
internet to improve online speech freedom, we must ____________________________.

3. Human Trafficking

The internet can make communications and job applications__________________.

It can help develop_____________________. However, the internet can also promote
human trafficking by _____________________.In order to fight human trafficking. we
must ____________________________.

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 Assessment

Instruction. Read each statement below and identify the opportunities, challenges,
and power of media described in each number. Choose your answer from the pool
of words inside the box. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

Economic Media power Social Cyber crime

Business strategy Banks of the future Opportunities
Identity theft Education Health care Illegal content

__________________1. Learners, teachers and researchers make meaning of events

from both individual and multiple points of viewing.

__________________2. Media of today is playing an outstanding role in creating

and shaping of public opinion and strengthening of
society.

__________________3. The deliberate use of someone else's identity, usually as a

method to gain a financial advantage or obtain credit and
other benefits.

__________________4. Transforming banking relationships in very significant ways,

from improving customer service to allowing users to send
money to others via online platforms.

__________________5. Social media has been responsible for relevant changes in

both personal and community health.

__________________6. It’s any type of content that could be damaging to young

People.

__________________7. Providing and monitoring information to the economic policy

development process leading to more effective economic policies.

__________________8. Criminal activity or a crime that involves the Internet, a

computer system or a computer technology

__________________9. It’s a trend that is already spreading to businesses beyond the

newsroom.

__________________10. Means here the concentration of symbolic power in media

institutions, particularly those of television, radio and the press.

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 Additional Activities

Write a short essay on “The Power of Media and Information, and the
Responsibility of the Users.” Do it in your activity notebook.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

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Answer Key

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References

Ahmad, B. (2016). TECHMAISH.com. 10 Advantages and Disadvantages of

Social Media for Society. Retrieved from
https://www.techmaish.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-social-
media-for-society/

Commission on higher Education, 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High

School MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY CORE SUBJECT.

Guzman, A. (2016). World Economic Forum. 6 Ways Social Media is

Changing the World. Retrieved from
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/04/6-ways-social-media-is-
changing-the-world/

http://unesco.mil-for-teachers.unaoc.org/modules/module-7/unit-2/

Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd

Flores, A. (2018). Opportunities, Challenges and Power of Media. Retrieved
from https://prezi.com/p/5h35qdwoa2iq/opportunities-challenges-and-
power-of-media-and-information/

Ping, A. (2017). Opportunities and Challenges in Media and Information

[PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/arnielping/8-media-and-information
literacy-mil-opportunities-challenges-and-power-of-media-and-information

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 EDITOR’S NOTE

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DedEd

SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based
on DedEd’s Most Essential Competencies (MELC). This is a
supplementary material to be used by all learners of
SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools beginning SY
2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the
production of this module. This is Version 1.0. We highly
encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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