UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y ADISTANCIA (UNAD)

¡GPS DETAILS!

FLOR ANGELA ZAMBRANO SANCHEZ

TOPOGRAPHY

TUTOR:
GLORIA CECILIA RÚALES ZAMBRANO

SIXTH SEMESTER
OCTOBER 2019

INDICE
1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
2. TEST.............................................................................................................................................4
2.1. ¡GPS DETAILS!..........................................................................................................................4
2.1.1. GPS signal structure.............................................................................................................4
2.1.2. Space Segment....................................................................................................................4
2.1.3. Global Positioning System...................................................................................................5
3. CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................................6
4. BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................................6
 1. INTRODUCTION

This is one of the areas where GPS technology has been most useful in all areas: land, air and

sea, obtaining real-time information from a geographical area in order to draw routes through

which a more precise displacement can be established and effective from one point to another

regardless of the means of transport.

Thanks to the implementation of GPS technology in mobiles and vehicles it has become easier

to consult any address as well as the best route to take to get there.

In this sense, GPS technology also allows detecting possible obstacles or elements that may

represent a deviation from the course initially drawn.

In this case the GPS defines alternate routes that allow the means of transport to reach the

destination set in the shortest time and safely.

 2. TEST

2.1. ¡GPS DETAILS!

2.1.1. GPS signal structure

In general, each GPS signal consists of three parts. A carrier signal, one or more
pseudorandom noise codes (PRN) and the navigation message. The last two are modulated by
the carrier by a technique known as phase modulation.

2.1.2. Space Segment

The GPS space segment consists of a constellation of 24 satellites that are distributed in 6
circular orbital planes at a height of 20,200 km. At this point, the satellites circle the Earth in
approximately 12 hours. Each orbit houses 4 evenly spaced satellites and has an inclination of
55 degrees with respect to the equator, as shown in the following video:

The following figure shows a representation of GPS satellites and other constellations such as
Glonass and Galileo over a given position. The numbers identify each particular satellite in
each constellation. Note that in this case there are 8 GPS satellites distributed in the sky, which
allows a magnificent estimate of the position.

The 24 satellites ensure worldwide coverage through ensuring that there are at least 4 satellites
at any time over any region of the Earth to carry out a location. At present there is an
additional set of 7 satellites in orbit that are used to offer redundancy and better performance
in areas where you cannot see the entire sky such as between buildings in a large city.
Satellites belong to different blocks, where each block has different signal capabilities, power
and lifespan.

 
There are currently four blocks of GPS satellites in use that correspond to different
technological generations. These blocks are: IIA, IIR, IIR (M) and IIF, with planned releases
of block III in 2017. Each block has different capacities and designs, according to the satellite
manufacturer and the evolution of the technology, but the principle of operation The system is
basically the same for all blocks.

The basic equipment on board the satellites includes very precise atomic clocks to keep time,
as well as transmitters for sending GPS signals and antennas to receive correction information
from the control stations. To provide a very accurate estimate of the position, clocks have to
be compensated for both the effects of special relativity and general relativity (time dilation by
the speed of satellites relative to Earth, as well as the effects of the gravitational field from the
earth).

2.1.3. Global Positioning System

It is a system that allows to determine in the whole Earth the position of any object (a person,

a vehicle) with an accuracy of up to centimeters (if differential GPS is used), although the

usual thing is a few meters of precision. The system was developed, installed and used by the

US Department of Defense. UU. To determine its position, a user uses 4 or more satellites and

uses trilateration.

The GPS operates through a network of at least 24 satellites in orbit on the planet Earth,

approximately 20,000 km high, with orbits distributed so that at all times there are at least 4

satellites visible at any point on Earth. When it is desired to determine the three-dimensional

position, the receiver that is used for it automatically locates at least four satellites of the

network, from which it receives signals indicating the identification and clock time of each of

them, in addition to information on the constellation . Based on these signals, the device
synchronizes its own clock with the GPS system time and calculates the time it takes for the

signals to reach the equipment, and thereby measures the distance to the satellite. Using the

reverse trilateration method, compute your own position. There is also great accuracy in time,

based on the atomic clocks on board each of the satellites and in the GPS terrain segment
3. CONCLUSIONS

 we can conclude Each GPS satellite continuously emits a navigation message at 50 bits

per second on the microwave transport frequency

 Transmissions are timed to start precisely in the minute and half a minute as indicated

by the satellite's atomic clock. The first part of the GPS signal tells the receiver the

relationship between the satellite clock and the GPS time. The following data series

provides the receiver with accurate satellite orbit information

 The GPS signal provides the precise “time of the week” according to the on-board

satellite clock, the GPS week number and a status report for the satellite so that it can

be deduced if it is defective

4. BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Alcántara, G. D. (2014). Topografía y sus aplicaciones. México, D.F., MX: Larousse - Grupo

Editorial Patria. P. 1 - 7.Recuperado de

http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2077/lib/unadsp/reader.action?

ppg=1&docID=11017471&tm=1480020780444

 Rúales Zambrano, G. (20,11,2018). OVI GPS. [Archivo de video]. Recuperado de:

http://hdl.handle.net/10596/21596