Emergency-Jeppesen PDF

9 JUL 10 EMERGENCY WH-I
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Below is a complete list of the standard contents of Airway Manual. Limited or special coverages may not con-
tain all items, but that material which is included should be arranged in the order outlined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WH-I
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
1 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.2 Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.3 Distress Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.4 Transponder Operations — Emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.5 Distress and Urgency Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE
3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.2 Transponder Operations — Unlawful Interference with Aircraft in Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.3 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 EMERGENCY DESCENT
4.1 Initial Action by the Air Traffic Control Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.2 Action by the Pilot-in-Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.3 Subsequent Action by the Air Traffic Control Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5 DISTRESS AND URGENCY RADIOTELEPHONY COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES

5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.2 Radiotelephony Distress Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.3 Radiotelephony Urgency Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6 COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE
6.1 General Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.2 Air-Ground Communications Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.3 Receiver Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.4 Transponder Procedures — Radio Communication Failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7 INTERCEPTION
7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.2 Action By Intercepted Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.3 Radiocommunication During Interception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.4 Signals for Use in the Event of Interception. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.5 Interception Phraseologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8 SEARCH AND RESCUE

8.1 Communication Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.2 Procedures for a Pilot-in-Command Intercepting a Distress Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.3 Procedures for a Pilot-in-Command at the Scene of an Accident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.4 Search and Rescue Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
EMERGENCY – AUSTRALIA
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
1 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-1
2 ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-1
© JEPPESEN 2006, 2010. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

WH-II EMERGENCY 9 JUL 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-3
1.3 Recommended Procedures for any Emergency Phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-3
1.4 Notification of Emergency Using Datalink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-3
1.5 Imposition of Silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-3
2 UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-3
3 COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-3

3.1 VFR in Class G Airspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-3
3.2 If in Controlled / Restricted Airspace or IFR in any Airspace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-4
3.3 ATS Surveillance System Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5
4 COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVAID FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5

4.1 If VFR in Class G Airspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5
4.2 If in Controlled / Restricted Airspace or if IFR in any Airspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5
5 EMERGENCY CHANGE OF LEVEL IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5
6 FORCED LANDING / DITCHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-6

6.1 Pre-Impact Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-6
6.2 Post-Impact Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-6
INTERCEPTION
1 INTERCEPTION PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-7

1.1 Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-7
1.2 Action by Intercepted Aircraft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-7
1.3 Visual Signals for Use in the Event of Interception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-8
1.4 Radio Communication During Interception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-9
SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR)
1 PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11
2 RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11
3 ORGANIZATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11
4 RESCUE COORDINATION CENTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11
5 PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11
5.1 Emergency Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11
5.2 Pilot Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11
5.3 Flight Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11
5.4 Advice to Pilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12
6 SEARCH AND RESCUE REGIONS AND FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12
7 INFLIGHT EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12

7.1 Radio Failure or Failure to Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12
7.2 Navigational Assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12
7.3 Intercept and Escort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12
7.4 Ditching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12
8 THIRD PARTY EMERGENCY REPORTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12
9 SEARCH AND RESCUE SIGNALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-13

9.1 Assistance of Surface Craft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-13
9.2 Emergency Management Australia (EMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-13
9.3 Ground-Air Visual Code for Use by Survivors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-13
9.4 Ground-Air Visual Code for Use by Ground Search Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-13
9.5 Ground-Air Emergency Signals in Use for Australian Civil Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-13

18 MAR 11 EMERGENCY WH-III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
9.6 Visual Distress Signals — Small Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-13

9.7 Air-Ground Code in Use by Australian Civil Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14
9.8 Standard Aircraft Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14
10 PARTICIPATION IN SEARCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14

10.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14
10.2 Charges for Aircraft Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14
10.3 Briefing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14
10.4 Debriefing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14
10.5 Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14
11 AIR SEARCH PATTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14

11.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14
11.2 Visual Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58AU-14
11.3 Electronic Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-16
11.4 Mountainous Terrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-18
12 EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-18

12.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-18
12.2 Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-18
12.3 Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-19
13 SURVIVAL RADIO EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-19
RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING SERVICES
1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
2 AERODROME CATEGORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
3 HOURS OF SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
4 COMMUNICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
4.1 ARFF Emergency Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
5 AERODROME EMERGENCIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21

5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
5.2 Local Standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
5.3 Full Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
5.4 Crash on Airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
5.5 Other Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
5.6 Phraseology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21
SURVIVAL
1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23
2 LOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23
2.1 Safety Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23
2.2 Improvised Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23
2.4 Ground Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23
3 FIRST AID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23

3.1 First Aid Kits in Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23
3.2 First Aid - Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23
3.3 The Chain of Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23
3.4 Danger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23
3.5 Respnse / ABC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
3.6 Head Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
3.7 Stop Bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
3.8 Chest Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
3.9 Wounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
3.10 Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24

WH-IV EMERGENCY 18 MAR 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.11 Burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24

3.12 Shock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
3.13 Minor Wounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
3.14 Dehydration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
4 ACUTE CARE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24

4.1 Snakebite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
4.2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
5 DESERT SURVIVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24

5.1 Immediate Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
5.2 Desert Survival Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24
5.3 Water Procurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25
6 SEA SURVIVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25

6.2 Allocation of Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25
6.3 Essential Rules for Sea Survival – if Short of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25
6.4 Keep Raft Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25
6.5 Discourage Predators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25
6.6 Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25
7 JUNGLE SURVIVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25

7.2 Essential Rules for Jungle Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25
7.3 Shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-26
8 COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-26

8.2 Essential Rules for Cold Weather Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-26
8.3 Medical Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-26
8.4 Shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-26
EMERGENCY – CANADA
SECTION 1. RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITY

1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 1-1
1.2 Types of Service Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 1-1
1.3 SAR Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 1-1
SECTION 2. FLIGHT PLANNING

2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 2-1
2.2 Request for Search and Rescue Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 2-1
2.3 Missing Aircraft Notice (MANOT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 2-1
2.4 Aiding Persons in Distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 2-1
SECTION 3. EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT)

3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-1
3.2 Categories of ELT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-1
3.3 Installation and Maintenance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-1
3.4 ELT Operating Instructions (Normal Use) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-1
3.5 ELT Operating Instructions (Emergency Use) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-2
3.6 Maximizing the Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-2
3.7 Accidental ELT Transmissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-2
3.8 Testing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-2
3.9 Schedule of Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-3
SECTION 4. AIRCRAFT EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE

4.1 Declaring an Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 4-1
4.2 Action by the Pilot During Emergency Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 4-1
4.3 VHF Direction Finding (VDF) Assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 4-1

18 MAR 11 EMERGENCY WH-V
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.4 Transponder Alerting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 4-1

4.5 Radar Alerting Maneuvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 4-1
4.6 Emergency Radio Frequency Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 4-2
4.7 Interception Procedures (CAR 602.144) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 4-3
4.8 Downed Aircraft Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 4-5
4.9 Canada Shipping Act Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 4-6
SECTION 5. TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD OF CANADA (TSB)

5.1 Aviation Safety Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 5-1
5.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 5-1
5.3 Reporting an Aviation Occurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 5-1
5.4 Protection of Occurrence Sites, Aircraft, Components and Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 5-2
5.5 Securitas Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 5-3
5.6 Offices of the TSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 5-3
SEARCH AND RESCUE FACILITIES
CANADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CA-41
LATIN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LA-41
PACIFIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P-41
SOUTH AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA-41
EMERGENCY – UNITED STATES
CHAPTER 6. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SECTION 1. GENERAL
6-1-1 Pilot Responsibility and Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-1
6-1-2 Emergency Condition — Request Assistance Immediately. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-1
SECTION 2. EMERGENCY SERVICES AVAILABLE TO PILOTS

6-2-1 Radar Service for VFR Aircraft in Difficulty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-3
6-2-2 Transponder Emergency Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-3
6-2-3 Direction Finding Instrument Approach Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-3
6-2-4 Intercept and Escort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-3
6-2-5 Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-4
6-2-6 FAA K-9 Explosives Detection Team Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-5
6-2-7 Search and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-6
SECTION 3. DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES

6-3-1 Distress and Urgency Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-13
6-3-2 Obtaining Emergency Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-13
6-3-3 Ditching Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-14
6-3-4 Special Emergency (Air Piracy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-17
6-3-5 Fuel Dumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-18
SECTION 4. TWO-WAY RADIO COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE

6-4-1 Two-way Radio Communications Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-23
6-4-2 Transponder Operation During Two-way Communications Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-25
6-4-3 Reestablishing Radio Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-25
SECTION 5. AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING COMMUNICATIONS

6-5-1 Discrete Emergency Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-27
6-5-2 Radio Call Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-27
6-5-3 ARFF Emergency Hand Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-27

WH-VI EMERGENCY 18 MAR 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 6. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SECTION 1. GENERAL
6-1-1 Pilot Responsibility and Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-1-1
6-1-2 Emergency Condition — Request Assistance Immediately. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-1-1
SECTION 2. EMERGENCY SERVICES AVAILABLE TO PILOTS

6-2-1 Radar Service for VFR Aircraft in Difficulty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-2-1
6-2-2 Transponder Emergency Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-2-1
6-2-3 Direction Finding Instrument Approach Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-2-1
6-2-4 Intercept and Escort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-2-1
6-2-5 Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-2-2
6-2-6 FAA K-9 Explosives Detection Team Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-2-3
6-2-7 Search and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-2-4
SECTION 3. DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES

6-3-1 Distress and Urgency Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-3-1
6-3-2 Obtaining Emergency Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-3-1
6-3-3 Ditching Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-3-2
6-3-4 Special Emergency (Air Piracy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-3-6
6-3-5 Fuel Dumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-3-7
SECTION 4. TWO-WAY RADIO COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-4-1

6-4-1 Two-way Radio Communications Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-4-1
6-4-2 Transponder Operation During Two-way Communications Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-4-3
6-4-3 Reestablishing Radio Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-4-3
SECTION 5. AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-5-1

6-5-1 Discrete Emergency Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-5-1
6-5-2 Radio Call Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-5-1
6-5-3 ARFF Emergency Hand Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-5-1
ICAO DIFFERENCES OR STATE SPECIAL PROCEDURES

(Filed alphabetically by sheet title.)
Anguilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1

Antigua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1
American Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US PAC TERRITORIES-1
Argentina (no ICAO differences published)
Aruba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ARUBA-1
Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AUSTRALIA-1
Bahamas (no ICAO differences published)
Barbados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .BARBADOS-1
Belize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BELIZE-1
Bermuda (no ICAO differences published)
Bolivia (no ICAO differences published)
Bonaire I (no ICAO differences published)
Brazil (no ICAO differences published)
British Virgin IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1
Brunei (no ICAO differences published)
Caicos Is (no ICAO differences published)
Cambodia (no ICAO differences published)
Cayman Is (no ICAO differences published)
Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHILE-1
Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COLOMBIA-1
Cook Is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see NEW ZEALAND & PAC IS-1
Costa Rica (no ICAO differences published)
Cuba (no ICAO differences published)
Curacao I (no ICAO differences published)
Dominica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1
Dominican Republic (no ICAO differences published)

18 MAR 11 EMERGENCY WH-VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Eastern Caribbean States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E CARIBBEAN STATES-1

Ecuador (no ICAO differences published)
El Salvador (no ICAO differences published)
Falkland Is (no ICAO differences published)
Fiji Is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIJI IS-1
French Antilles (no ICAO differences published)
French Guiana (no ICAO differences published)
French Pacific Overseas Territories (no ICAO differences published)
Futuna Is (no ICAO differences published)
Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1
Guadeloupe (no ICAO differences published)
Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US PAC TERRITORIES-1
Guatemala (no ICAO differences published)
Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GUYANA-1
Haiti (no ICAO differences published)
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see UNITED STATES-1
Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HONDURAS-1
Indonesia (no ICAO differences published)
Isla De Pascua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see CHILE-2
Jamaica (no ICAO differences published)
Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JAPAN-1
Johnston Atoll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US PAC TERRITORIES-1
Kiribati. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KIRIBATI-1
Korea, Republic of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KOREA, REPUBLIC OF-1
LAOS (no ICAO differences published)
Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MALAYSIA-1
Marshall Is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US PAC TERRITORIES-1
Martinique (no ICAO differences published)
Mexico (no ICAO differences published)
Micronesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US PAC TERRITORIES-1
Midway I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US PAC TERRITORIES-1
Myanmar (no ICAO differences published)
Nauru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NAURU-1
Netherlands Antilles (no ICAO differences published)
Nevis I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1
New Caledonia (no ICAO differences published)
New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NEW ZEALAND & PAC IS-1
Nicaragua (no ICAO differences published)
Niue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see NEW ZEALAND & PAC IS-1
Northern Mariana Is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US PAC TERRITORIES-1
Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PANAMA-1
Palau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US PAC TERRITORIES-1
Papua New Guinea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAPUA NEW GUINEA-1
Paraguay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PARAGUAY-1
Peru (no ICAO differences published)
Philippines (no ICAO differences published)
Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US CAR TERRITORIES-1
St Kitts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1
St Lucia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1
St Maarten I (no ICAO differences published)
St Vincent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1
Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SAMOA-1
Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SINGAPORE-1
Solomon Is (no ICAO differences published)
Suriname (no ICAO differences published)
Taiwan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TAIWAN-1
Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THAILAND-1
Tonga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TONGA-1
Trinidad and Tobago I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1
Turks Is (no ICAO differences published)

WH-VIII EMERGENCY 18 MAR 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Tuvalu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TUVALU-1
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNITED STATES-1
United States Caribbean Territories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US CAR TERRITORIES-1
United States Pacific Territories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US PAC TERRITORIES-1
Uruguay (no ICAO differences published)
Vanuatu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VANUATU-1
Venezuela (no ICAO differences published)
Vietnam (no ICAO differences published)
Virgin Is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US CAR TERRITORIES-1
Wake I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see US PAC TERRITORIES-2
Wallis Is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see FRENCH PACIFIC-1

13 NOV 09 EMERGENCY 1

Extracted from the following ICAO publications:
RULES OF THE AIR, ANNEX 2
AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS, ANNEX 10, VOLUMES I II
SEARCH AND RESCUE, ANNEX 12
PROCEDURES FOR AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES — AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, PANS-ATM (Doc 4444)
PROCEDURES FOR AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES — AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS, PANS-OPS (Doc 8168)
Within this chapter, references to the following ICAO Documents are made, however they are not pub-
lished herein:
REGIONAL SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES (Doc 7030)
INTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE (IAMSAR) MANUAL (DOC
9731)
1 DEFINITIONS b. on Mode A, Code 7500, to indicate specifically

NOTE: See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL — Interna- that it is being subjected to unlawful interference.
tional Civil Aviation Organization Definitions. 2.2 PRIORITY
AIRCRAFT STATION — A mobile station in the aero- 2.2.1 An aircraft known or believed to be in
nautical mobile service, other than a survival craft sta- a state of emergency, including being subjected to
tion, located on board an aircraft. unlawful interference, shall be given priority over
DISTRESS — A condition of being threatened by other aircraft. (Doc 4444, 15.1.2)
serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring
immediate assistance. 2.3 DISTRESS FREQUENCIES
RADIOTELEPHONY NETWORK — A group of 2.3.1 The ICAO Communication Procedures
radiotelephony aeronautical stations which operate require that an aircraft in distress when it is airborne
on and guard frequencies from the same family and should use the frequency in use for normal com-
which support each other in a defined manner to munications with aeronautical stations at the time.
ensure maximum dependability of air-ground com- However, it is recognized that, after an aircraft has
munications and dissemination of air-ground traffic. crashed or ditched, there is a need for designating
a particular frequency or frequencies to be used in
RESCUE CO-ORDINATION CENTER — A unit
order that uniformity may be attained on a world-wide
responsible for promoting efficient organization of
basis, and so that a guard may be maintained or set
search and rescue service and for co-ordinating the
up by as many stations as possible including direc-
conduct of search and rescue operations within a
tion-finding stations, and stations of the Maritime
search and rescue region.
Mobile Service.
RESCUE UNIT — A unit composed of trained per-
sonnel and provided with equipment suitable for the 2.3.2 The frequency 2182 kHz is the interna-
expeditious conduct of search and rescue. tional distress frequency for radiotelephony to be
used for that purpose by ship, aircraft and survival
SEARCH AND RESCUE SERVICES UNIT — A
craft stations when requesting assistance from the
generic term meaning, as the case may be, rescue
maritime service.
co-ordination center, rescue subcenter or alerting
post. 2.3.3 The frequency 4125 kHz is also autho-
URGENCY — A condition concerning the safety of an rized to enable communications between stations in
aircraft or other vehicle, or of some person on board the maritime mobile service and aircraft stations in
or within sight, but which does not require immediate distress.
assistance. 2.3.4 Similarly, the frequency 500 kHz is the
international distress frequency for radiotelegraphy to
2 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES be used for that purpose by ship, aircraft and survival
2.1 GENERAL craft stations when requesting assistance from the
2.1.1 The various circumstances surrounding maritime service.
each emergency situation preclude the establish- 2.3.5 With respect to survival craft stations the
ment of exact detailed procedures to be followed. following emergency / distress frequencies are pro-
(Doc 4444, 15.1.1) vided:
2.1.2 Air traffic control units shall maintain full a. VHF — 121.5 MHz;
and complete coordination, and personnel shall use b. UHF — 243.0 MHz;
their best judgement in handling emergency situa- c. HF — 500 kHz, 2182 kHz, 8364 kHz.
tions. (Doc 4444, Part III, 16.1.1)
(Annex 10, Vol V, Chapter 2 Introduction)
NOTE: To indicate that it is in a state of emergency,
an aircraft equipped with an SSR transponder might
operate the equipment as follows:
a. on Mode A, Code 7700; or
q$z
© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2009. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2 EMERGENCY 13 NOV 09
2.4 TRANSPONDER OPERATIONS 3 UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE

— EMERGENCY
3.1 GENERAL
2.4.1 The pilot of an aircraft in a state of emer-
3.1.1 An aircraft which is being subjected to
gency shall set the transponder to Mode A Code 7700
unlawful interference shall endeavor to notify the
unless ATC has previously directed the pilot to oper-
appropriate ATS unit of this fact, any significant cir-
ate the transponder on a specified code. In the lat-
cumstances associated therewith and any deviation
ter case, the pilot shall continue to use the specified
from the current flight plan necessitated by the cir-
code unless otherwise advised by ATC. However, a
cumstances, in order to enable the ATS unit to give
pilot may select Mode A Code 7700 whenever there
priority to the aircraft and to minimize conflict with
is a specific reason to believe that this would be the
other aircraft. (Annex 2, 3.7)
best course of action. (Doc 8168, Vol I, Part III, Sec-
tion 3, Chapter 1, 1.4). 3.1.2 When an air traffic services unit knows or
believes that an aircraft is being subjected to unlaw-
2.5 DISTRESS AND URGENCY SIGNALS ful interference, no reference shall be made in ATS
NOTE: None of the provisions in this section shall pre- air-ground communications to the nature of the emer-
vent the use, by an aircraft in distress, of any means at gency unless it has first been referred to in commu-
its disposal to attract attention, make known its posi- nications from the aircraft involved and it is certain
tion and obtain help. that such reference will not aggravate the situation.
2.5.1 Distress Signals (Annex 11, 5.6.2)
2.5.1.1 The following signals, used either 3.2 TRANSPONDER OPERATIONS —
together or separately, mean that grave and immi- UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE WITH
nent danger threatens, and immediate assistance is AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT
requested:
3.2.1 If there is unlawful interference with an air-
a. a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other craft in flight, the pilot-in-command shall attempt to
signalling method consisting of the group SOS set the transponder to Mode A Code 7500 in order
(. . . - - - . . . in the Morse Code); to indicate the situation: If circumstances so warrant,
b. a radiotelephony distress signal consisting of the Code 7700 should be used instead. (Doc 8168, Vol I,
spoken word MAYDAY; Part III, Section 3, Chapter 1, 1.6.1).
c. a distress message sent via data link which 3.2.2 If a pilot has selected Mode A Code 7500
transmits the intent of the word MAYDAY; and has been requested to confirm this code by ATC
d. rockets or shells throwing red lights, fired one at (in accordance with 1.1.5), the pilot shall, according
a time at short intervals; to circumstances, either confirm this or not reply at
e. a parachute flare showing a red light. all. (Doc 8168, Vol I)
(Annex 2, Appendix 1, 1.1) NOTE: If the pilot does not reply, ATC will take this
as confirmation that the use of Code 7500 is not an
2.5.2 Urgency Signals inadvertent false code selection.
2.5.2.1 The following signals, used either
together or separately, mean that an aircraft wishes 3.3 PROCEDURES
to give notice of difficulties which compel it to land 3.3.1 The following procedures are intended as
without requiring immediate assistance: guidance for use by aircraft when unlawful interfer-
a. the repeated switching on and off of the landing ence occurs and the aircraft is unable to notify an ATS
lights; or unit of this fact. (Annex 2, Attachment B)
b. the repeated switching on and off of the naviga- 3.3.2 Unless considerations aboard the air-
tion lights in such a manner as to be distinct from craft dictate otherwise, the pilot-in-command should
flashing navigation lights. attempt to continue flying on the assigned track and
(Annex 2, Appendix 1, 1.2.1) at the assigned cruising level at least until able to
notify an ATS unit or within radar coverage. (Annex
2.5.2.2 The following signals, used either 2, Attachment B, 2.1)
together or separately, mean that an aircraft has
a very urgent message to transmit concerning the 3.3.3 When an aircraft subjected to an act of
safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, or of some unlawful interference must depart from its assigned
person on board or within sight; track or its assigned cruising level without being able
to make radiotelephony contact with ATS, the pilot-in-
a. a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other command should, whenever possible;
signalling method consisting of the group XXX;
a. attempt to broadcast warnings on the VHF
b. a radiotelephony urgency signal consisting of emergency frequency and other appropriate
the spoken words PAN, PAN. frequencies, unless considerations aboard the
c. an urgency message sent via data link which aircraft dictate otherwise. Other equipment
transmits the intent of the words PAN, PAN. such as on-board transponders, data links, etc.,
(Annex 2, Appendix 1, 1.2.2) should also be used when it is advantageous to
do so and circumstances permit; and

1 MAY 09 EMERGENCY 3
b. proceed in accordance with applicable spe- 5.1.1.1 At the commencement of any subse-
cial procedures for in-flight contingencies, quent communication in distress and urgency traffic,
where such procedures have been established it shall be permissible to use the radiotelephony
and promulgated in ICAO Document 7030 — distress and urgency signals. (Annex 10, Vol II,
Regional Supplementary Procedures; or 5.3.1.2.1)
c. if no applicable regional procedures have been 5.1.2 The originator of messages addressed
established, proceed at a level which differs from to an aircraft in distress or urgency condition shall
the cruising levels normally used for IFR flight restrict to the minimum the number and volume
by: and content of such messages as required by the
1. 150m (500 ft) in an area where a vertical condition. (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.1.3)
separation minimum of 300m (1000 ft) is
5.1.3 If no acknowledgement of the distress or
applied; or
urgency message is made by the station addressed
2. 300m (1000 ft) in an area where a vertical by the aircraft, other stations shall render assistance,
separation minimum of 600m (2000 ft) is as prescribed in 5.2.2 and 5.3.2 respectively. (Annex
applied. 10, Vol II, 5.3.1.4)
(Annex 2, Attachment B, 2.2) NOTE: “Other stations” is intended to refer to any
other station which has received the distress or
4 EMERGENCY DESCENT urgency message and has become aware that it has
4.1 INITIAL ACTION BY THE AIR not been acknowledged by the station addressed.
TRAFFIC CONTROL UNIT 5.1.4 Distress and urgency traffic shall normally
4.1.1 Upon receipt of advice that an aircraft is be maintained on the frequency on which such traffic
making an emergency descent through other traf- was initiated until it is considered that better assis-
fic, all possible action shall be taken immediately tance can be provided by transferring that traffic to
to safeguard all aircraft concerned. When deemed another frequency. (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.1.5)
necessary, air traffic control units shall immediately NOTE: 121.5 MHz or alternative available VHF or HF
broadcast by means of the appropriate radio aids, frequencies may be used as appropriate.
or if not possible, request the appropriate com- 5.1.5 In cases of distress and urgency commu-
munications stations immediately to broadcast an nications, in general, the transmissions by radiotele-
emergency message. (Doc 4444, Part III, 15.1.4) phony shall be made slowly and distinctly, each word
4.2 ACTION BY THE PILOT-IN- being clearly pronounced to facilitate transcription.
(Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.1.6)
COMMAND
4.2.1 It is expected that aircraft receiving such a 5.2 RADIOTELEPHONY DISTRESS
broadcast will clear the specified areas and standby COMMUNICATIONS
on the appropriate radio frequency for further clear-
5.2.1 Action by the Aircraft in Distress
ances from the air traffic control unit. (Doc 4444 Part
III, 15.1.4) 5.2.1.1 In addition to being preceded by the
radiotelephony distress signal MAYDAY, preferably
4.3 SUBSEQUENT ACTION BY THE AIR spoken three times, the distress message to be sent
TRAFFIC CONTROL UNIT by an aircraft in distress shall:
4.3.1 Immediately after such an emergency a. be on the air-ground frequency in use at the
broadcast has been made the area control center, time;
the approach control office, or the aerodrome control b. consist of as many as possible of the following
tower concerned shall forward further clearances to elements spoken distinctly and, if possible, in the
all aircraft involved as to additional procedures to be following order:
followed during and subsequent to the emergency
1. name of the station addressed (time and
descent. The ATS unit concerned shall additionally
circumstances permitting);
inform any other ATS units and control sectors which
may be affected. (Doc 4444, Part III, 15.1.4) 2. the identification of the aircraft;
3. the nature of the distress condition;
5 DISTRESS AND URGENCY 4. intention of the person in command;
RADIOTELEPHONY 5. present position, level (i.e., flight level, alti-
COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES tude, etc., as appropriate) and heading.
5.1 GENERAL (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.2.1.1)
5.1.1 The radiotelephony distress signal MAY- NOTE:
DAY and the radiotelephony urgency signal PAN a. The foregoing provisions may be supplemented
PAN shall be used at the commencement of the first by the following measures;
distress and urgency communication respectively. 1. the distress message of an aircraft in dis-
(Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.1.2) tress being made on the emergency fre-
quency 121.5 MHz or another aeronautical
mobile frequency, if considered necessary

4 EMERGENCY 1 MAY 09
or desirable. Not all aeronautical stations – STOP TRANSMITTING;

maintain a continuous guard on the emer- – the radiotelephony distress signal MAYDAY.
gency frequency;
(Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.2.3.1)
2. the distress message of an aircraft in dis-
tress being broadcast, if time and circum- 5.2.3.2 The use of the signals specified in
stances make this course preferable; 5.2.3.1shall be reserved for the aircraft in distress
and for the station controlling the distress traffic.
3. the aircraft transmitting on the maritime
(Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.2.3.2)
mobile service radiotelephony calling fre-
quencies; 5.2.4 Action by All Other Stations
4. the aircraft using any means at its disposal 5.2.4.1 The distress communications have
to attract attention and make known its absolute priority over all other communications, and
conditions (including the activation of the a station aware of them shall not transmit on the
appropriate SSR mode and code); frequency concerned, unless:
5. any station taking any means at its disposal a. the distress is cancelled or the distress traffic is
to assist an aircraft in distress; terminated;
6. any variation on the elements listed under b. all distress traffic has been transferred to other
b. above, when the transmitting station is frequencies;
not itself in distress, provided that such cir- c. the station controlling communications gives
cumstance is clearly stated in the distress permission;
message.
d. it has itself to render assistance.
b. The station addressed will normally be that sta-
(Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.2.4.1)
tion communicating with the aircraft or in whose
area of responsibility the aircraft is operating. 5.2.4.2 Any station which has knowledge of
distress traffic, and which cannot itself assist the sta-
5.2.2 Action by the Station Addressed
tion in distress, shall nevertheless continue listening
or First Station Acknowledging
to such traffic until it is evident that assistance is being
the Distress Message
provided. (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.2.4.2)
5.2.2.1 The station addressed by aircraft in
distress, or first station acknowledging the distress 5.2.5 Termination of Distress
message shall: Communications and of Silence
a. immediately acknowledge the distress mes- 5.2.5.1 When an aircraft is no longer in dis-
sage; tress, it shall transmit a message cancelling the dis-
tress condition. (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.2.5.1)
b. take control of the communications or specif-
ically and clearly transfer that responsibility, 5.2.5.2 When the station which has controlled
advising the aircraft if a transfer is made; the distress communication traffic becomes aware
c. take immediate action to ensure that all neces- that the distress condition is ended, it shall take imme-
sary information is made available, as soon as diate action to ensure that this information is made
possible, to: available, as soon as possible, to:
1. the ATS unit concerned; a. the ATS unit concerned;
2. the aircraft operating agency concerned, or b. the aircraft operating agency concerned, or its
its representative, in accordance with pre- representative, in accordance with pre-estab-
established arrangements; lished arrangements.
NOTE: The requirement to inform the air- (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.2.5.2)
craft operating agency concerned does not 5.2.5.3 The distress communication and
have priority over any other action which silence conditions shall be terminated by transmitting
involves the safety of the flight in distress, a message, including the words “DISTRESS TRAF-
or of any other flight in the area, or which FIC ENDED”, on the frequency or frequencies being
might affect the progress of expected used for the distress traffic. This message shall be
flights in the area. originated only by the station controlling the commu-
d. warn other stations, as appropriate, in order to nications when, after the reception of the message
prevent the transfer of traffic to the frequency of prescribed in 5.2.5.1 , it is authorized to do so by the
the distress communication. appropriate authority. (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.2.5.3)
(Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.2.2.1)
5.2.3 Imposition of Silence
5.2.3.1 The station in distress, or the station in
control of distress traffic, shall be permitted to impose
silence, either on all stations of the mobile service
in the area or on any station which interferes with
the distress traffic. It shall address these instructions
“to all stations”, or to one station only, according to
circumstances. In either case, it shall use:

5.3 RADIOTELEPHONY URGENCY 5.3.3 Action by Other Stations

COMMUNICATIONS 5.3.3.1 The urgency communications have
5.3.1 Action by the Aircraft Reporting priority over all other communications, except dis-
an Urgency Condition (except tress, and all stations shall take care not to interfere
Medical Transports) with the transmission of urgency traffic. (Annex 10,
Vol II, 5.3.3.3.1)
5.3.1.1 In addition to being preceded by the
radiotelephony urgency signal PAN PAN, preferably 5.3.4 Action by an Aircraft Used for
spoken three times and each word of the group pro- Medical Transports
nounced as the French word “panne”, the urgency 5.3.4.1 The use of the signal described in
message to be sent by an aircraft reporting an 5.3.4.2, shall indicate that the message which follows
urgency condition shall: concerns a protected medical transport pursuant
a. be on the air-ground frequency in use at the to the 1949 Geneva Conventions and Additional
time; Protocols. (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.3.4.1)
b. consist of as many as required of the following 5.3.4.2 For the purpose of announcing and
elements spoken distinctly and, if possible, in the identifying aircraft used for medical transports, a
following order: transmission of the radiotelephony urgency signal
1. the name of the station addressed; PAN PAN, preferably spoken three times, and each
2. the identification of the aircraft; word of the group pronounced as the French word
“panne”, shall be followed by the radiotelephony
3. the nature of the urgency condition; signal for medical transports MAY-DEE-CAL, pro-
4. the intention of the person in command; nounced as in the French “mdical”. The use of the
5. present position, level (i.e., flight level, alti- signals described above indicates that the message
tude, etc., as appropriate) and heading; which follows concerns a protected medical trans-
6. any other useful information. port. The message shall convey the following data:
(Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.3.1.1) a. the call sign or other recognized means of iden-
tification of the medical transports;
NOTE:
b. position of the medical transports;
a. The foregoing provisions are not intended to
prevent an aircraft broadcasting an urgency c. number and type of medical transports;
message, if time and circumstances make this d. intended route;
course preferable. e. estimated time enroute and of departure and
b. The station addressed will normally be that sta- arrival, as appropriate; and
tion communicating with the aircraft or in whose f. any other information such as flight altitude,
area of responsibility the aircraft is operating. radio frequencies guarded, languages used
5.3.2 Action by the Station Addressed and secondary surveillance radar modes and
or First Station Acknowledging codes.
the Urgency Message (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.3.4.2)
5.3.2.1 The station addressed by an air- 5.3.5 Action by the Station Addressed
craft reporting an urgency condition, or first station or by Other Stations Receiving a
acknowledging the urgency message, shall: Medical Transports Message
a. acknowledge the urgency message; 5.3.5.1 The provisions of 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 shall
b. take immediate action to ensure that all neces- apply as appropriate to stations receiving a medical
sary information is made available, as soon as transports message. (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.3.5.1)
possible, to:
6 COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE
1. the ATS unit concerned;
2. the aircraft operating agency concerned, or 6.1 GENERAL RULES
its representative, in accordance with pre- 6.1.1 An aircraft operated as a controlled flight
established arrangements; shall maintain continuous air-ground voice commu-
NOTE: The requirement to inform the air- nication watch on the appropriate communication
craft operating agency concerned does not channel of, and establish two-way communication
have priority over any other action which as necessary with, the appropriate air traffic control
involves the safety of the flight in distress, unit, except as may be prescribed by the appropriate
or of any other flight in the area, or which ATS authority in respect of aircraft forming part of
might affect the progress of expected aerodrome traffic at a controlled aerodrome. (Annex
flights in the area. 2, 3.6.5.1)
c. if necessary, exercise control of communica- NOTE 1: SELCAL or similar automatic signalling
tions. devices satisfy the requirement to maintain a listen-
ing watch.
(Annex 10, Vol II, 5.3.3.2.1)
NOTE 2: The requirement for an aircraft to maintain
an air-ground voice communication watch remains in
affect after CPDLC has been established.

6.1.2 If a communication failure precludes has been received and acknowledged, at, or as
compliance with 6.1.1, the aircraft shall comply with close as possible to, the estimated time of arrival
the communication failure procedures in 6.2 below, resulting from the current flight plan;
and with such of the following procedures as are f. complete a normal instrument approach proce-
appropriate. The aircraft shall attempt to establish dure as specified for the designated navigation
communications with the appropriate air traffic con- aid or fix; and
trol unit using all other available means. In addition,
g. land, if possible, within thirty minutes after the
the aircraft, when forming part of the aerodrome traf-
estimated time of arrival specified in e. or the
fic at a controlled aerodrome, shall keep a watch for
last acknowledged expected approach time,
such instructions as may be issued by visual signals.
whichever is later.
(Annex 2, 3.6.5.2)
NOTE:
6.1.2.1 If in visual meteorological conditions,
a. The provision of air traffic control service to other
the aircraft shall:
flights operating in the airspace concerned will
a. continue to fly in visual meteorological condi- be based on the assumption that an aircraft
tions; experiencing radio failure will comply with the
b. land at the nearest suitable aerodrome; and rules in 6.1.2.2.
c. report its arrival by the most expeditious means b. See also AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL — Interna-
to the appropriate air traffic control unit. tional Civil Aviation Organization Rules of the
(Annex 2, 3.6.5.2.1) Air.
(Annex 2, 3.6.5.2.2)
6.1.2.2 If in instrument meteorological condi-
tions or when the pilot of an IFR flight considers it 6.2 AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS
inadvisable to complete the flight in accordance with FAILURE
6.1.2.1 the aircraft shall:
6.2.1 When an aircraft station fails to establish
a. unless otherwise prescribed on the basis of contact with the aeronautical station on the desig-
regional air navigation agreement, in airspace nated frequency, it shall attempt to establish contact
where radar is not used in the provision of air on another frequency appropriate to the route. If
traffic control, maintain the last assigned speed this attempt fails, the aircraft station shall attempt to
and level, or minimum flight altitude if higher, for establish communication with other aircraft or other
a period of 20 minutes following the aircraft’s aeronautical stations on frequencies appropriate to
failure to report its position over a compulsory the route. In addition, an aircraft operating within
reporting point and thereafter adjust level and a network shall monitor the appropriate VHF fre-
speed in accordance with the filed flight plan; quency for calls from nearby aircraft. (Annex 10, Vol
b. in airspace where radar is used in the provision II, 5.2.2.7.1.1)
of air traffic control, maintain the last assigned
6.2.2 If the attempts specified under 6.2.1 fail,
speed and level, or minimum flight altitude if
the aircraft station shall transmit its message twice
higher, for a period of 7 minutes following:
on the designated frequency(ies), preceded by the
1. the time the last assigned level or minimum phrase “TRANSMITTING BLIND” and, if necessary,
flight altitude is reached; or include the addressee(s) for which the message is
2. the time the transponder is set to Code intended. (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.2.2.7.1.2)
7600; or
Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS)
3. the aircraft’s failure to report its position Recommendation — In network operation, a mes-
over a compulsory reporting point; sage which is transmitted blind should be transmit-
whichever is later, and thereafter adjust level and ted twice on both primary and secondary frequen-
speed in accordance with the filed flight plan; cies. Before changing frequency, the aircraft station
c. when being radar vectored or having been should announce the frequency to which it is chang-
directed by ATC to proceed offset using RNAV ing. (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.2.2.7.1.2.1)
without a specified limit, rejoin the current flight 6.3 RECEIVER FAILURE
plan route no later than the next significant
point, taking into consideration the applicable 6.3.1 When an aircraft station is unable to
minimum flight altitude; establish communication due to receiver failure,
it shall transmit reports at the scheduled times,
d. proceed according to the current flight plan route or positions, on the frequency in use, preceded
to the appropriate designated navigation aid or by the phrase “TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO
fix serving the destination aerodrome and, when RECEIVER FAILURE”. The aircraft station shall
required to ensure compliance with e. below, transmit the intended message, following this by
hold over this aid or fix until commencement of a complete repetition. During this procedure, the
descent; aircraft shall also advise the time of its next intended
e. commence descent from the navigation aid or transmission. (Annex 10, Vol II, 5.2.2.7.1.3.1)
fix specified in d. at, or as close as possible to,
the expected approach time last received and
acknowledged; or, if no expected approach time

6.3.2 An aircraft which is provided with air traffic the identity of the intercepted aircraft and the
control or advisory service shall, in addition to com- nature of the flight; and if no contact has been
plying with 6.3.1, transmit information regarding the established and if practicable, repeating this call
intention of the pilot-in-command with respect to the on the emergency frequency 243.0 MHz;
continuation of the flight of the aircraft. (Annex 10, Vol d. if equipped with SSR transponder, select Mode
II, 5.2.2.7.1.3.2) A, Code 7700, unless otherwise instructed by
6.3.3 When an aircraft is unable to establish the appropriate air traffic services unit.
communication due to airborne equipment failure (Annex 2, Appendix 2, 2.1)
it shall, when so equipped, select the appropriate
7.2.2 If any instructions received by radio from
SSR code to indicate radio failure. (Annex 10, Vol II,
any sources conflict with those given by the intercept-
5.2.2.7.1.3.3)
ing aircraft by visual signals, the intercepted aircraft
6.4 TRANSPONDER PROCEDURES — shall request immediate clarification while continuing
RADIO COMMUNICATION FAILURE to comply with the visual instructions given by the
intercepting aircraft. (Annex 2, Appendix 2, 2.2)
6.4.1 The pilot of an aircraft losing two-way
communications shall set the transponder to Mode 7.2.3 If any instructions received by radio from
A Code 7600. (Doc 8168, Vol I, Part III, Section 3, any sources conflict with those given by the inter-
Chapter 1, 1.5) cepting aircraft by radio, the intercepted aircraft shall
NOTE: A controller who observes an SSR response request immediate clarification while continuing to
indicating selection of the communications failure comply with the radio instructions given by the inter-
code will determine the extent of the failure by cepting aircraft. (Annex 2, Appendix 2, 2.3)
instructing the pilot to SQUAWK IDENT or to change 7.3 RADIOCOMMUNICATION DURING
code. If it is determined that the aircraft receiver is
INTERCEPTION
functioning, further control of the aircraft will be con-
tinued using code changes or IDENT transmission to 7.3.1 If radio contact is established during inter-
acknowledge receipt of clearances. Different proce- ception but communication in a common language
dures may be applied to Mode S equipped aircraft in is not possible, attempts shall be made to convey
areas of Mode S coverage. instructions, acknowledgement of instructions and
essential information by using the phrases and pro-
7 INTERCEPTION nunciations in paragraph 7.5 and transmitting each
phrase twice. (Annex 2, Appendix 2, 3)
7.1 GENERAL
NOTE: The word “interception” in this context does
not include intercept and escort service provided, on
request, to an aircraft in distress, in accordance with
the Search and Rescue Manual (Annex 2, 3.8).
7.1.1 Interception of civil aircraft shall be gov-
erned by appropriate regulations and administrative
directives issued by contracting States in compliance
with the Convention on International Civil Aviation,
and in particular Article 3(d) under which contracting
States undertake, when issuing regulations for their
State aircraft, to have due regard for the safety of nav-
igation of civil aircraft. Accordingly, in drafting appro-
priate regulations and administrative directives due
regard shall be had to the provisions contained in the
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL — International Civil Avia-
tion Organization Rules of the Air, and the following
paragraphs. (Annex 2, 3.8.1)
7.2 ACTION BY INTERCEPTED
AIRCRAFT
7.2.1 An aircraft which is intercepted by another
aircraft shall immediately:
a. follow the instructions given by the intercept-
ing aircraft, interpreting and responding to visual
signals in accordance with the specifications in
paragraph 7.4;
b. notify, if possible, the appropriate air traffic ser-
vices unit;
c. attempt to establish radiocommunication with
the intercepting aircraft or with the appropriate
intercept control unit, by making a general call
on the emergency frequency 121.5 MHz, giving
q$z

7.4 SIGNALS FOR USE IN THE EVENT

OF INTERCEPTION
7.4.1 Signals Initiated by Intercepting
Aircraft and Responses by Intercepted
Aircraft (Annex 2, Appendix 1, 2.1)
INTERCEPTING INTERCEPTED
SERIES MEANING MEANING
Aircraft Signals Aircraft Responds
1 DAY or NIGHT — Rocking aircraft You have been DAY or NIGHT — Rocking Understood,
and flashing navigational lights intercepted. aircraft, flashing navigational will comply.
at irregular intervals (and landing Follow me. lights at irregular intervals
lights in the case of a helicopter) and following.
from a position slightly above NOTE: Additional action
and ahead of, and normally to required to be taken by
the left of, the intercepted aircraft intercepted aircraft is
(or to the right if the intercepted prescribed in paragraph
aircraft is a helicopter) and, after 7.2.
acknowledgement, a slow level
turn, normally to the left, (or to the
right in the case of a helicopter)
onto the desired heading.
NOTE:
a. Meteorological conditions
or terrain may require
the intercepting aircraft to
reverse the positions and
direction of turn given above
in series 1.
b. If the intercepted aircraft is
not able to keep pace with
the intercepting aircraft, the
latter is expected to fly a
series of racetrack patterns
and to rock the aircraft
each time it passes the
intercepted aircraft.
2 DAY or NIGHT — An abrupt You may DAY or NIGHT — Rocking Understood,
breakaway maneuver from the proceed. the aircraft. will comply.
intercepted aircraft consisting of
a climbing turn of 90 degrees or
more without crossing the line of
flight of the intercepted aircraft.
3 DAY or NIGHT — Lowering Land at this DAY or NIGHT — Lowering Understood,
landing gear (if fitted), showing aerodrome. landing gear, (if fitted), will comply.
steady landing lights and showing steady landing
overflying runway in use or, if the lights and following the
intercepted aircraft is a helicopter, intercepting aircraft and, if,
overflying the helicopter landing after overflying the runway
area. In the case of helicopters, in use or helicopter landing
the intercepting helicopter makes area, landing is considered
a landing approach, coming to safe, proceeding to land.
hover near to the landing area.

7.4.2 Signals Initiated by Intercepted Aircraft

and Responses by Intercepting
Aircraft (Annex 2 Appendix 1, 2.2)
INTERCEPTED INTERCEPTING
4 DAY or NIGHT — Raising landing Aerodrome you DAY or NIGHT — If it is Understood,
gear (if fitted) and flashing landing have designated desired that the intercepted follow me.
lights while passing over runway is inadequate. aircraft follow the intercepting
in use or helicopter landing area at aircraft to an alternate
a height exceeding 300m (1000’) aerodrome, the intercepting
but not exceeding 600m (2000’) aircraft raises its landing
(in the case of a helicopter, at gear (if fitted) and uses the
a height exceeding 50m (170’) Series 1 signals prescribed
but not exceeding 100m (330’) for intercepting aircraft.
above the aerodrome level, and If it is decided to release Understood,
continuing to circle runway in the intercepted aircraft, the you may
use or helicopter landing area. intercepting aircraft uses the proceed.
If unable to flash landing lights, Series 2 signals prescribed
flash any other lights available. for intercepting aircraft.
5 DAY or NIGHT — Regular Cannot comply. DAY or NIGHT — Use Series Understood.
switching on and off of all 2 signals prescribed for
available lights but in such a intercepting aircraft.
manner as to be distinct from
flashing lights.
6 DAY or NIGHT — Irregular In distress. DAY or NIGHT — Use Series Understood.
flashing of all available lights. 2 signals prescribed for
intercepting aircraft.
7.5 INTERCEPTION PHRASEOLOGIES

(Annex 2, Appendix 2, Table 2.1)
Phrases for use by INTERCEPTING Aircraft Phrases for use by INTERCEPTED Aircraft
Phrase Pronunciation1 Meaning Phrase Pronunciation1 Meaning
CALL SIGN KOL SA-IN What is your call CALL SIGN (call KOL SA-IN (call My call sign is
sign? sign)2 sign) (call sign)
FOLLOW FOL-LO Follow me WILCO VILL-KO Understood will
comply
DESCEND DEE-SEND Descend for CAN NOT KANN NOTT Unable to comply
landing
YOU LAND YOU LAAND Land at this REPEAT REE-PEET Repeat your
aerodrome instruction
PROCEED PRO-SEED You may proceed AM LOST AM LOSST Position
unknown
MAYDAY MAYDAY I am in distress
HIJACK3 HI-JACK I have been
hijacked
LAND (place LAAND (place I request to land
name) name) at (place name)
DESCEND DEE-SEND I require descent
1 In the Pronunciation column, syllables to be emphasized are bold / underlined.
2 The call sign required to be given is that used in radiotelephony communications with air traffic services
units and corresponding to the aircraft identification in the flight plan.

3 Circumstances may not always permit, nor make desirable, the use of the phrase “HIJACK”.

8 SEARCH AND RESCUE d. act as instructed by the rescue co-ordination

center or the air traffic services unit.
8.1 COMMUNICATION FREQUENCIES
(Annex 12, 5.6.2)
8.1.1 Where there is a requirement for the use
of high frequencies for search and rescue scene of 8.3.2 If the first aircraft to reach the scene of
action coordination purposes, the frequencies 3023 an accident is not a search and rescue aircraft it shall
kHz and 5680 kHz shall be employed. (Annex 10, Vol take charge of on-scene activities of all other aircraft
V, 2.2.1) subsequently arriving until the first search and res-
NOTE: Where civil commercial aircraft take part in cue aircraft reaches the scene of the accident. If,
search and rescue operations, they will normally in the meantime, such aircraft is unable to establish
communicate on the appropriate enroute channels communication with the appropriate rescue co-ordi-
with the flight information center associated with the nation center or air traffic services unit, it shall, by
rescue co-ordination center concerned. mutual agreement, hand over to an aircraft capable
of establishing and maintaining such communications
8.2 PROCEDURES FOR A PILOT-IN- until the arrival of the first search and rescue aircraft.
COMMAND INTERCEPTING A (Annex 12, 5.6.2.1)
DISTRESS TRANSMISSION 8.3.3 When it is necessary for an aircraft to
8.2.1 Whenever a distress transmission is inter- direct a surface craft to the place where an aircraft
cepted by a pilot-in-command of an aircraft, the pilot or surface craft is in distress, the aircraft shall do so
shall, if feasible: by transmitting precise instructions by any means
a. acknowledge the distress transmission; at its disposal. If no radio communication can be
established the aircraft shall use the appropriate
b. record the position of the craft in distress if given;
visual signal in paragraph 8.4. (Annex 12, 5.6.5)
c. take a bearing on the transmission;
8.3.4 When it is necessary for an aircraft to
d. inform the appropriate rescue coordination cen-
convey information to survivors or surface rescue
tre or air traffic services unit of the distress trans-
units, and two-way communication is not available, it
mission, giving all available information; and
shall, if practicable, drop communication equipment
e. at the pilot’s discretion, while awaiting instruc- that would enable direct contact to be established,
tions, proceed to the position given in the trans- or convey the information by dropping a hard copy
mission. message. (Annex 12, 5.6.3)
(Annex 12, 5.7)
8.3.5 When a ground signal has been displayed,
8.3 PROCEDURES FOR A the aircraft shall indicate whether the signal has been
PILOT-IN-COMMAND AT THE understood or not by the means described in 8.3.4
SCENE OF AN ACCIDENT or, if this is not practicable, by use of the appropriate
visual signal in paragraph 8.4. (Annex 12, 5.6.4)
8.3.1 When a pilot-in-command observes that
either another aircraft or a surface craft is in distress, 8.4 SEARCH AND RESCUE SIGNALS
the pilot shall, if possible and unless considered
8.4.1 General
unreasonable or unnecessary:
8.4.1.1 The air-to-surface and surface-to-air
a. keep the craft in distress in sight until compelled
visual signals in this section shall, when used, have
to leave the scene or advised by the rescue
the meaning indicated therein. They shall be used
coordination centre that it is no longer neces-
only for the purpose indicated and no other signals
sary;
likely to be confused with them shall be used. (Annex
b. determine the position of the craft in distress; 12, 5.8.1)
c. as appropriate, report to the rescue coordination
8.4.1.2 Upon observing any of the signals
centre or air traffic services unit as much of the
given in this section, aircraft shall take such action
following information as possible.
as may be required by the interpretation of the signal
– type of craft in distress, its identification and given. (Annex 12, 5.8.2)
condition;
8.4.2 Signals with Surface Craft
– its position, expressed in geographical
co-ordinates or in distance and true bearing NOTE: The following replies may be made by surface
from a distinctive landmark or from a radio craft to the signal in 8.4.2.1:
navigation aid; – For acknowledging receipt of signals:
– time of observation expressed in hours and a. the hoisting of the “Code pennant” (vertical
minutes UTC; red and white stripes) close up (meaning
– number of persons observed; understood);
– whether persons have been seen to abandon b. the flashing of a succession of “T’s” by signal
the craft in distress; lamp in the Morse code;
– on-scene weather conditions; c. the changing of heading to follow the aircraft.
– apparent physical condition of survivors; – For indicating inability to comply:
– apparent best ground access route to the dis- a. the hoisting of the international flag “N” (a
tress site; and blue and white checkered square);

b. the flashing of a succession of “N’s” in the 8.4.3.3 Ground-air Visual Signal Code
Morse code. For Use By Rescue Units (Annex
8.4.2.1 The following maneuvers performed in 12, Appendix A, 2.2)
sequence by an aircraft mean that the aircraft wishes
to direct a surface craft towards an aircraft or a sur- No. MESSAGE CODE SYMBOL
face craft in distress: Operation
1 LLL
a. circling the surface craft at least once; completed
b. crossing the projected course of the surface We have found all
2 LL
craft close ahead at low altitude and: personnel
1. rocking the wings; or We have found only ++
3
some personnel
2. opening and closing the throttle; or
We are not able to
3. changing the propeller pitch.
4 continue. Returning XX
NOTE: Due to high noise level on-board to base
surface craft, the sound signals in (2) and
Have divided into
(3) may be less effective than the visual
two groups. Each
signal in (1) and are regarded as alternative 5
proceeding in
means of attracting attention.
direction indicated
1222702914000
c. heading in the direction in which the surface craft

Information received
is to be directed. → →
6 that aircraft is in this
Repetition of such maneuvers has the same mean- direction
ing. (Annex 12, Appendix A, 1.1)
Nothing found. Will
7 NN
8.4.2.2 The following maneuver by an aircraft continue to search
means that the assistance of the surface craft to
which the signal is directed is no longer required: 8.4.3.4 Air-to-ground Signals
– crossing the wake of the surface craft close astern 8.4.3.4.1 The following signals by aircraft
at a low altitude and: mean that the ground signals have been understood:
a. rocking the wings; or a. during the hours of daylight:
b. opening and closing the throttle; or – by rocking the aircraft’s wings;
c. changing the propeller pitch. b. during the hours of darkness:
(Annex 12, Appendix A, 1.2) – flashing on and off twice the aircraft’s landing
NOTE: See Note following 8.4.2.1b. lights or, if not so equipped, by switching on
and off twice its navigation lights. (Annex 12,
8.4.3 Ground-Air Visual Signal Code Appendix A, 3.1)
8.4.3.1 Symbols shall be at least 2.5m (8’) 8.4.3.4.2 Lack of the above signal indicates
long and shall be made as conspicuous as possible. that the ground signal is not understood. (Annex 12,
(Annex 12, Appendix A, 2.3) Appendix A, 3.2)
NOTE:
a. Symbols may be formed by any means such
as: strips of fabric, parachute material, pieces of
wood, stones or such like material; marking the
surface by tramping, or staining with oil, etc.
b. Attention to the signals may be attracted by
other means such as radio, flares, smoke,
reflected light, etc.
8.4.3.2 Ground-air Visual Signal Code
For Use By Survivors (Annex
12, Appendix A, 2.1)
No. MESSAGE CODE SYMBOL

1 Require assistance V
Require medical
2 X
assistance
3 No or Negative N
4 Yes or Affirmative Y
Proceeding in this
5 ↑
direction

7 APR 06 EMERGENCY BELIZE-1

GENERAL
In general, the Emergency, Unlawful Interference,

Communications Failure and Interception proce-
dures are in conformity with ICAO Standards, Rec-
ommended Practices and Procedures.
EMERGENCY
SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR IN-FLIGHT
CONTINGENCIES
The following procedures are provided for guidance
only. Although all possible contingencies cannot be
covered, they provide for cases of inability to main-
tain the assigned level due to weather, aircraft per-
formance and pressurization failure. They are appli-
cable primarily when rapid descent, turn-back, or
both, are required. The pilot’s judgement shall deter-
mine the sequence of actions taken, having regard
to the specific circumstances.
If an aircraft is unable to continue flight in accor-
dance with its ATC clearance, a revised clearance
shall, whenever possible, be obtained prior to initiat-
ing any action, using the radiotelephony distress or
urgency call as appropriate.
If prior clearance cannot be obtained, an ATC clear-
ance shall be obtained at the earliest possible time
and, in the meantime, the aircraft shall broadcast its
position (including the ATS route designator) and in-
tentions, on frequency 121.5 MHz at suitable inter-
vals until ATC clearance is received.
SEARCH AND RESCUE
ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Pro-
cedures are not presently established in Belize. SAR
facilities are limited and may not be immediately
available.
© JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC. 1994, 2006. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

24 SEP 04 EMERGENCY COLOMBIA-1

GENERAL intercept procedures and the disabling action or con-
sequences for not adhering to them.
In general, the Emergency, Unlawful Interference, If an aircraft is parked on an active or inactive run-
Communications Failure, Interception and Search way and is intercepted by Colombian Air Force air-
and Rescue procedures are in conformity with ICAO craft, should proceed as follows:
Standards, Recommended Practices and Proce-
dures. a. When the Colombian Air Force aircraft passes
over the airport twice following the runway bear-
ings: at night the aircraft should turn all lights on
EMERGENCY and the pilot in command should establish imme-
diate radio communications with the Colombian
Air Force aircraft, by calling:
BOMB THREATS
1. the airport’s controlled frequency
When a bomb threat is received, and if time permits, 2. the airport uncontrolled frequency is
an evaluation of the situation will be made and an 122.9Mz, or
alarm classified as — CONDITION GREEN or CON-
DITION RED will be issued. 3. using the emergency frequency 121.5Mz; in-
dicating the aircraft identification number, the
CONDITION GREEN — The estimated risk is low, name of the pilot in command, last flight plan
as the threat is considered to be a prank. Normally filed, current conditions and intentions.
the aircrew will not be informed of alarms classified
b. If the aircraft has the engines running, the pilot in
Condition Green.
command should proceed to shut down the en-
CONDITION RED — The immediate implementa- gines and stop the aircraft either on the runway
tion of alarm procedures for a bomb on board an air- or in the parking area, remaining visible at all
craft. In this case the code used is “BRAVO WHIS- times.
KEY” in lieu of Bomb Alarm on communication c. If the communications equipment in your aircraft
channels to avoid inappropriate revelations. is out of service for some reason the ground
crew should use the ground to air signals in the
UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE Manual de Normas, Rutas, y Procedimientos
ATS Colombia.
Messages and signals to be used in the event of Un- d. The crew should follow the instructions given by
lawful Interference (hijacking). the intercept aircraft and wait for the authorities
a. The flight is being hijacked — TRANSPONDER to arrive.
CODE 7500; e. If the crew of your aircraft does not follow the in-
b. The present situation is desperate — TRAN- structions given by the interceptor aircraft, you
SPONDER CODE 7700; and your aircraft will suffer the consequences as
Colombian Air force aircraft may fire upon you.
c. A desperate situation requiring action — the
flaps remain down after landing.
ATTITUDES ASSUMED BY THE MILITARY
d. No intervention required — Retract the flaps af-
ter landing. AUTHORITY ON INTERCEPTION
NOTE: Permission — Authorization so that the intercept-

1. If a flight without radio contact with ATC ed aircraft continues their flight plan, once the situa-
uses transponder code 7700 after using tion has been determined, or once the aircraft has
code 7500, ATC will assume that the flight been directed outside the restricted area or prohibit-
has experienced another in-flight emergency ed area.
besides being hijacked, and will implement To Yield — Event in which the intercepted aircraft
necessary procedures for both situations. follows orders which will allow the Colombian Air
2. When in areas where the transponder is not Force not to fire upon them. Instructions will be given
functional, the pilot must transmit via VHF or to the intercepted aircraft to go to either an airport
HF, “TRANSPONDER 7500” or “TRAN- that is close, or to a controlled runway.
SPONDER 7700”. In addition, for communi- Immobilize — The ability to restrict the mobility of
cations on company frequencies transponder an aircraft after it has landed, until the judicial au-
codes should be used in lieu of the word “HI- thority is present and informed of all facts and orders
JACKING” to avoid inconvenient revelations. received.
Uselessness — The main objective of the Colom-
INTERCEPTION bian Air Force interceptor aircraft is to leave the in-
tercepted aircraft unable to operate.
All aircraft not in conformity with International Regu-
lations and existing guidelines are subject to Inter- Neutralization — The ability to stop a hostile air-
ception by military aircraft, when said aircraft are not craft from violating the airspace. The neutralization
in compliance with civil aviation rules. of an aircraft covers the destruction, the immobiliza-
Air Defense aircraft will maintain full compliance with tion of the aircraft in the air or on land. This order is
regulations and procedures approved by ICAO on given by the Comandante de la Fuerza Area.
the interception of civilian aircraft. All aircraft opera-
tors should be familiar with internationally approved
© JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 1994, 2004. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

COLOMBIA-2 EMERGENCY 24 SEP 04

Hostile Aircraft (TH) — The violation of the na-
tional air space by an aircraft that presumably is do-
ing something illicit or has indicated that it will some-
how threaten the vital centers of the nation, the
people, the resources and/or the armed forces. This
situation forces the use of force to minimize or avoid
this purpose. In the same way, if an hostile aircraft
disobeys the instructions from the Colombian Air
Force aircraft, the interceptor will fire upon the air-
craft with the exclusive permission from the Coman-
dante de la Fuerza Aerea Colombiana.
Examples are:
a. Foreign aircraft that enter the Colombian air
space without permission.
b. An aircraft that enters a Prohibited Area without
permission.
c. An aircraft that is flying under 3000’ in a radius of
40NM near a radar station and/or a military unit
without identification.
d. An aircraft that has been intercepted and dis-
obeys the instructions from the interceptor or
goes into an evasive, aggressive or attack posi-
tion.
e. An aircraft that has landed at a legal or illegal air-
port without the proper authorization from the
Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronauti-
ca Civil (U.A.E.A.C.)
f. An aircraft that is operating during night hours
from illicit airports or without a flight plan.
g. An aircraft that has been intercepted and the
crew immediately starts throwing objects from it
that has ignored the interceptor’s instructions.
h. An aircraft that over flies any military station un-
der 3000' without permission.
i. In an emergency situation where the aircraft has
been intercepted performing an illicit action (kid-
napping) or for technical reasons, the declaration
or statement of the events that occurred from the
intercepted aircraft’s pilot in command will not be
accepted.

COLOMBIA-2 EMERGENCY 24 SEP 04

Hostile Aircraft (TH) — The violation of the na-
tional air space by an aircraft that presumably is do-
ing something illicit or has indicated that it will some-
how threaten the vital centers of the nation, the
people, the resources and/or the armed forces. This
situation forces the use of force to minimize or avoid
this purpose. In the same way, if an hostile aircraft
disobeys the instructions from the Colombian Air
Force aircraft, the interceptor will fire upon the air-
craft with the exclusive permission from the Coman-
dante de la Fuerza Aerea Colombiana.
Examples are:
a. Foreign aircraft that enter the Colombian air
space without permission.
b. An aircraft that enters a Prohibited Area without
permission.
c. An aircraft that is flying under 3000’ in a radius of
40NM near a radar station and/or a military unit
without identification.
d. An aircraft that has been intercepted and dis-
obeys the instructions from the interceptor or
goes into an evasive, aggressive or attack posi-
tion.
e. An aircraft that has landed at a legal or illegal air-
port without the proper authorization from the
Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronauti-
ca Civil (U.A.E.A.C.)
f. An aircraft that is operating during night hours
from illicit airports or without a flight plan.
g. An aircraft that has been intercepted and the
crew immediately starts throwing objects from it
that has ignored the interceptor’s instructions.
h. An aircraft that over flies any military station un-
der 3000' without permission.
i. In an emergency situation where the aircraft has
been intercepted performing an illicit action (kid-
napping) or for technical reasons, the declaration
or statement of the events that occurred from the
intercepted aircraft’s pilot in command will not be
accepted.

12 MAR 04 EMERGENCY HONDURAS-1

GENERAL
In general, the Emergency, Unlawful Interference, Communications Failure, Interception and Search and Res-
cue procedures are in conformity with ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures.
INTERCEPTION
Honduras uses the following visual signals in the event of interception.
Signals Initiated by Intercepting Aircraft and Responses by Intercepted Aircraft
SE- INTERCEPTING MEAN- INTERCEPTED

MEANING
RIES Aircraft Signals ING Aircraft Responds
1 DAY or NIGHT — Rocking wings and flash- You have DAY or NIGHT — Rock- Under-
ing navigation lights (landing lights in the been in- ing wings, flashing navi- stood, will
case of helicpters) from a position slightly tercept- gational lights at regular comply.
above and ahead of, and normally, to the left ed. intervals and following.
of intercepted aircraft (to the right in the case Follow
of helicopters) and, after acknowledgement, me.
a slow turn to the left (or to the right in the
case of helicopters) to the desired heading.
NOTE: Meteorological conditions or

terrain may require the intercepting
aircraft to reverse the positions and
directions of turn indicated above.
2 DAY or NIGHT — An abrupt breakaway ma- You may AIRPLANES: Under-

neuver from the intercepted aircraft consist- proceed. DAY or NIGHT — Rock- stood, will
ing of a climbing turn of 90 degrees or more ing wings. comply.
without crossing the line of flight of the inter-
cepted aircraft. HELICOPTERS:
DAY or NIGHT — Rock-
ing the aircraft.
3 DAY or NIGHT— Circling aerodrome, lower- Land at AIRPLANES: Under-

ing landing gear and overflying runway in di- this aero- DAY or NIGHT— Low- stood, will
rection of landing or, if the intercepted air- drome. ering landing gear, comply.
craft is a helicopter, overflying the helicopter showing a steady land-
landing area. ing light, following the
intercepting aircraft
and, if after overflying
the runway landing is
considered safe, pro-
ceeding to land.

HONDURAS-2 EMERGENCY 12 MAR 04

Signals Initiated by Intercepted Aircraft and Responses by Intercepting Aircraft
SE- INTERCEPTED MEAN- INTERCEPTING

MEANING
RIES Aircraft Signals ING Aircraft Responds
4 DAY or NIGHT — Raising the landing Aero- DAY or NIGHT — If it is de- Under-
gear (if gear was lowered) and flashing drome you sired that the intercepted air- stood, fol-
landing lights while passing over land- have des- craft follow the intercepting low me.
ing runway (area of landing in the case ignated is aircraft to an alternate aero-
of helicopters) at a height exceeding inade- drome, the intercepting air-
300 meters (1,000 feet) but not exceed- quate. craft raises its landing gear
ing 600 meters (2,000 feet) (in the case and uses the Series 1 sig-
of helicopters, at a height exceeding 50 nals prescribed for intercept-
meters (170 feet) but not exceeding 100 ing aircraft.
meters (330 feet)) above the aerodrome
level, and continuing to circle the aero-
drome. If unable to flash landing lights,
flash any other lights available.
If it is decided to release the Under-

intercepted aircraft, the in- stood, you
tercepting aircraft uses the may pro-
Series 2 signals prescribed ceed.
for intercepting aircraft.
5 DAY or NIGHT — Regular switching on Cannot DAY or NIGHT — Use Se- Under-
and off of all available lights in such a comply. ries 2 signals prescribed for stood.
manner as to be distinct from flashing intercepting aircraft.
lights.
6 DAY or NIGHT — Irregular flashing of In dis- DAY or NIGHT — Use Se- Under-
all available lights. tress. ries 2 signals prescribed for stood.
intercepting aircraft.
END

12 MAR 04 EMERGENCY PANAMA-1

GENERAL Standards, Recommended Practices and Proce-
dures.
In general, the Emergency, Unlawful Interference,
Communications Failure, Interception and Search
and Rescue procedures are in conformity with ICAO
INTERCEPTION
The following visual signals are used over the territo-
ry and territorial waters of Panama in the event of in-
terception.
Signals Initiated by Intercepting Aircraft and Responses by Intercepted Aircraft
INTERCEPTING INTERCEPTED
1 DAY or NIGHT — Rocking wings and You have AIRPLANES: Under-

flashing navigational lights at irregular been inter- DAY or NIGHT — Rock- stood, will
intervals, from a position slightly cepted. ing wings, flashing lights comply.
above and ahead of, and normally, to Follow me. at irregular intervals and
the left of intercepted aircraft or to the following.
right if the intercepted aircraft is a heli-
copter and, after acknowledgement, a
slow level turn, normally to the left or
to the right in the case of a helicopter.
NOTE:
1. Meteorological conditions NOTE: Additional
or terrain may require the action required
intercepting aircraft to to be taken by in-
take up a position slightly tercepted air-
craft is pre-
ead of and to the right of
scribed in the
the intercepted aircraft, EMERGENCY
and to make the subse-
Section, ACTION
quent turn to the right.
BY INTERCEPT-
2. If the intercepted aircraft ED AIRCRAFT.
is not able to keep pace
with the intercepting air-
craft, the latter is expect-
ed to fly a series of
race-track patterns and to
rock its wings each time it
passes the intercepted
aircraft.
2 DAY or NIGHT — An abrupt break- You may AIRPLANES: Under-

away maneuver from the intercepted proceed. DAY or NIGHT — Rock- stood, will
aircraft consisting of a climbing turn of ing wings. comply.
90 degrees or more without crossing
the line of flight of the intercepted air-
HELICOPTERS:
craft.
DAY OR NIGHT— Rock-
ing the aircraft
3 DAY or NIGHT — Lowering landing Land at AIRPLANES: Under-

gear (if fitted), showing steady landing this aero- DAY or NIGHT — Lower- stood, will
flights, and overflying runway in direc- drome. ing landing gear, show- comply.
tion of landing or, if the intercepted air- ing staedy landing lights
craft is a helicopter, overflying the heli- and following the inter-
copter landing area. In the case of cepting aircraft and, if af-
helicopters, the intercepting helicopter ter overflying the runway
makes a landing approach, coming to in use, or helicopter
a hover near the landing area. landing area, landing is
considered safe, pro-
ceeding to land.

PANAMA-2 EMERGENCY 12 MAR 04

Signals Initiated by Intercepted Aircraft and Responses by Intercepting Aircraft
INTERCEPTED INTERCEPTING
4 DAY or NIGHT — Raising Aerodrome DAY or NIGHT — If it is de- Understood,

landing gear (if fitted) and you have sired that the intercepted air- follow me.
flashing landing lights while designated craft follow the intercepting Understood,
passing over landing runway, is inade- aircraft to an alternate aero- you may pro-
or helicopter landing area, at quate. drome, the intercepting air- ceed.
a height exceeding 300m craft raises its landing gear
(1,000') but not exceeding and uses the Series 1 signals
600m (2,000') [in the case of prescribed for intercepting
a helicopter, at a height ex- aircraft.
ceeding 50 M(170 ft) but not If it is decided to release the
exceeding 100 M (330 ft)] intercepted aircraft, the inter-
above the aerodrome level, cepting aircraft uses the Se-
and continuing to circle the ries 2 signals prescribed for
runway in use, or helicopter intercepting aircraft.
landing area. If unable to
flash landing lights, flash any
other lights available.
5 DAY or NIGHT — Regular Cannot DAY or NIGHT — Use Series Understood.

switching on and off of all comply. 2 signals prescribed for inter-
available lights in such a cepting aircraft.
manner as to be distinct from
flashing lights.
6 DAY or NIGHT — Irregular In distress. DAY or NIGHT — Use Series Understood.

flashing of all available lights. 2 signals prescribed for inter-
cepting aircraft.
END

10 DEC 10 EMERGENCY UNITED STATES-1
UNITED STATES - ICAO DIFFERENCES OR STATE SPECIAL PROCEDURES

GENERAL It is the pilot’s prerogative to refuse intercept and
In general, the Emergency, Unlawful Interference, escort service. Escort services will normally be pro-
Communications Failure, Interception and Search vided to the nearest adequate airport. Should the pilot
and Rescue procedures are in conformity with the receiving escort services continue on to another loca-
Standards, Recommended Practices and Proce- tion after reaching a safe airport, or decide not to
dures contained in ICAO Annexes and Documents. divert to the nearest safe airport, the escort aircraft
is not obligated to continue and further escort is dis-
EMERGENCY cretionary.
A pilot in any distress or urgency condition should
climb, if possible, for improved communications, and
EXPLOSIVES DETECTION (DOG
better radar and direction finding detection. How- HANDLER TEAMS)
ever, it must be understood that unauthorized climb At many major airports a program has been estab-
or descent under IFR conditions within controlled lished by the FAA to make available explosives detec-
airspace is prohibited, except as permitted by FAR tion dog/handler teams. These teams were estab-
91.3(b) (in an emergency the pilot in command may lished so that an aircraft in flight that receives a bomb
deviate from any rule to the extent required to meet threat can be directed to an airport with a dog handler
that emergency). team. The following list contains those locations that
presently have a team in existence. If you desire this
If unable to immediately establish communications
service, notify your company or an FAA facility.
with an air traffic facility/agency, squawk Mode A/3,
Code 7700/Emergency and Mode C. If due to weather or other considerations an aircraft
with a suspected hidden explosive problem were to
INTERCEPT AND ESCORT land or intending to land at an airport other than those
If specifically requested by a pilot in difficulty or if a listed, it is recommended to call the FAA’s Washing-
distress condition is declared, Search and Rescue ton Operations Center (telephone 202-267-3333) or
(SAR) coordinators will take steps to intercept and have an air traffic facility contact the above center
escort an aircraft. Steps may be initiated for intercept requesting assistance.
and escort if an urgency condition is declared and
unusual circumstances make such action advisable.
EXPLOSIVES DETECTION (DOG HANDLER TEAM) LOCATIONS

Atlanta, Georgia Houston, Texas Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
The Hartsfield Intl (KATL) – Intercontinental (KIAH) -Intl (KPIT)
Birmingham, Alabama Jacksonville, Florida Portland, Oregon
– Intl (KBHM) – Intl (KJAX) – Intl (KPDX)
Boston, Massachusetts Kansas City, Missouri Salt Lake City, Utah
Logan Intl (KBOS) – Intl (KMCI) – Intl (KSLC)
Buffalo, New York Los Angles, California San Francisco, California
Greater Intl (KBUF) – Intl (KLAX) – Intl (KSFO)
Charlotte, North Carolina Memphis, Tennessee San Juan, Puerto Rico
– Charlotte/Douglas Intl (KCLT) – Intl (KMEM) – Luis Munoz Marin Intl (TJSJ)
Chicago, Illinois Miami, Florida Seattle, Washington
– O’Hare Intl (KORD) – Intl (KMIA) – Tacoma Intl (KSEA)
Cininnati, Ohio Milwaukee, Wisconsin St Louis, Missouri
– Northern Kentucky Intl (KCVG) Gen Mitchell Intl (KMKE) – Lambert Intl (KSTL)
Dallas Ft Worth, Texas New Orleans, Louisiana Tucson, Arizona
– Intl (KDFW) – Armstrong New Orleans Intl – Intl (KTUS)
(KMSY)
Denver, Colorado Orlando, Florida Tulsa, Oklahoma
– Denver Intl (KDEN) – Orlando (KMCO) – Intl (KTUL)
Detroit, Michigan Phoenix, Arizona
– Metro Wayne Co (KDTW) – Sky Harbor Intl (KPHX)
MINIMUM FUEL ADVISORY A minimum fuel advisory does not imply a need for
Be aware that this is not an emergency situation but traffic priority. If the remaining usable fuel supply sug-
merely an advisory that indicates an emergency situ- gests the need for traffic priority to ensure a safe
ation is possible should any undue delay occur. landing, declare an emergency, account low fuel, and
report the fuel remaining in minutes.
Advise ATC of “minimum fuel” status when fuel sup-
ply has reached a state where, upon reaching desti-
nation, any undue delay is not acceptable.

UNITED STATES-2 EMERGENCY 10 DEC 10
UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE NOTE: It is not intended that the requirement to “land

as soon as practicable” be construed to mean “as
SPECIAL EMERGENCIES (AIR PIRACY) soon as possible”. The pilot retains the prerogative of
A special emergency is a condition of air piracy, or exercising his/her best judgement and is not required
other hostile act by a person(s) aboard an aircraft, to land at an unauthorized airport, at an airport unsuit-
which threatens the safety of the aircraft or its pas- able for the type of aircraft flown, or to land only min-
sengers. utes short of the destination airport.
The pilot of an aircraft reporting a special emergency If the failure occurs in IFR conditions, or if VFR condi-
condition should: tions cannot be complied with, the pilot shall continue
a. If circumstances permit, apply distress or the flight according to the following requirements.
urgency radiotelephony procedures. Include ROUTE REQUIREMENTS
the details of the special emergency.
a. By the route assigned in the last ATC clearance
b. If circumstances do not permit the use of pre- received;
scribed distress or urgency procedures, transmit
b. If being radar vectored, by the direct route from
on the airground frequency in use at the time as
the point of radio failure to the fix, route, or air-
many as possible of the following elements spo-
way specified in the vector clearance;
ken distinctly and in the following order:
c. In the absence of an assigned route, by the route
1. Name of the station addressed (time and
that ATC has advised may be expected in a fur-
circumstances permitting);
ther clearance; or
2. The identification of the aircraft and present
d. In the absence of an assigned route or a route
position;
3. The nature of the special emergency con- ther clearance, by the route filed in the flight
dition and pilot intentions (circumstances plan.
permitting);
4. If unable to provide this information, use ALTITUDE REQUIREMENTS
code words and/or transponder setting as At the highest of the following altitudes or flight levels
follows: for the route segment being flown:
– Spoken Words — “TRANSPONDER a. The altitude or flight level assigned in the last
SEVEN FIVE ZERO ZERO”. ATC clearance received;
– Meaning — “Am being hijacked/forced b. The minimum altitude (converted, if appropriate,
to a new destination”; to the minimum flight level) for IFR operations; or
– Transponder Setting — Mode 3/A, Code c. The altitude or flight level ATC has advised may
7500. be expected in a further clearance.
If it is possible to do so without jeopardizing the safety NOTE:
of the flight, the pilot of a hijacked passenger aircraft, 1. The intent of the rule is that a pilot who has
after departing from the cleared routing over which experienced two way radio failure should
the aircraft was operating, will attempt to do one or select the appropriate altitude for the par-
more of the following, insofar as circumstances may ticular route segment being flown and
permit: make the necessary altitude adjustments
a. Maintain a true airspeed of no more than 400 kt, for subsequent route segments. If the pilot
and preferably an altitude between 10,000’ and received an “expect further clearance”
25,000’. containing a higher altitude to expect at a
b. Fly a course toward the destination which the specified time or fix, he/ she should main-
hijacker has announced. tain the highest of the following altitudes
until that time or fix:
If these procedures result in either radio contact
or an air intercept, the pilot will attempt to comply (a) His/her last assigned altitude; or
with any instructions received which may direct him (b) The minimum altitude/flight level for
to an appropriate landing field or alter the aircraft’s IFR operations.
flight path off its current course, away from protected 2. Upon reaching the time/fix specified, the
airspace. pilot should commence climb to the altitude
he/she was advised to expect. If the radio
COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE failure occurs after the time/fix specified,
Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, each pilot who the altitude to be expected is not applicable
has two way communications failure when operating and the pilot should maintain an altitude
under IFR shall comply with the following conditions. consistent with 1.a. or b. above.
If the failure occurs in VFR conditions, or if VFR condi- 3. If the pilot receives an “expect further
tions are encountered after the failure, the pilot shall clearance” containing a lower altitude, the
continue the flight under VFR and land as soon as pilot should maintain the highest of 1.a.
practicable. This procedure also applies while oper- or b. above until that time/fix specified for
ating in Class “A” airspace. “Leave Clearance Limit” in the following
paragraphs.

10 DEC 10 EMERGENCY UNITED STATES-3
LEAVE CLEARANCE LIMIT SEARCH AND RESCUE

When the clearance limit is a fix from which an VISUAL EMERGENCY SIGNALS
approach begins, commence descent or descent
and approach as close as possible to the “expect NOTE: Visual Emergency Signals are in addition to
further clearance” time if one has been received, or ICAO Ground-Air Visual Codes for use by Survivors
if one has not been received, as close as possible to and Rescue Units.
the estimated time of arrival as calculated from the If you are forced down and are able to attract the
filed or amended (with ATC) estimated time enroute. attention of the pilot of a rescue airplane, the body
signals illustrated can be used to transmit messages
If the clearance limit is not a fix from which an as the aircraft circles over your location. Stand in the
approach begins, leave the clearance limit at the open when making the signals. Be sure that the back-
expect further clearance time if one has been ground, as seen from the air, is not confusing. Go
received, or if none has been received, upon arrival through the motions slowly and repeat each signal
over the clearance limit, and proceed to a fix from until you are positive that the pilot understands you.
which an approach begins and commence descent
or descent and approach as close as possible to the
estimated time of arrival as calculated from the filed
or amended (with ATC) time enroute.
VISUAL EMERGENCY SIGNALS
1279295671000
1279295671000
1279295671000
NEED MEDICAL ASSIS- CAN PROCEED SHORTLY WAIT

ALL OK—DO NOT WAIT
TANCE—URGENT IF PRACTICABLE
Wave one arm overhead
Used only when life is at stake One arm horizontal
1279295671000 1279295671000
1279295671000
NEED MECHANICAL HELP OR DO NOT ATTEMPT TO LAND

DROP MESSAGE
PARTS—LONG DELAY HERE
Make throwing motion
Both arms horizontal Both arms waved across face

UNITED STATES-4 EMERGENCY 10 DEC 10
VISUAL EMERGENCY SIGNALS (continued)
1279295671000
LAND HERE
1279295671000
PICK US UP—AIRCRAFT
1279295671000
OUR RECEIVER IS OPERATING Both arms forward horizontally,

ABANDONED
Cup hands over ears squatting and point in direction
Both arms vertical
of landing – Repeat
1279295671000
1279295671000
NEGATIVE (NO) AFFIRMATIVE (YES)

White cloth waved horizontally White cloth waved vertically
AIRCRAFT RESPONSE SIGNALS
1279288159000
1279288161000
AFFIRMATIVE (YES) NEGATIVE (NO)

Dip nose of aircraft several times Fishtail aircraft
1279293590000
1279293592000
MESSAGE RECEIVED AND UNDERSTOOD MESSAGE RECEIVED AND NOT UNDERSTOOD

BY AIRCRAFT: BY AIRCRAFT:
Day or moonlight - Rocking wings Night - Green Day or moonlight - Making a complete right-hand
flashes from signal lamp. circle Night-Red flashes from signal lamp.
q$z

24 FEB 06 EMERGENCY US CAR TERRITORIES-1
RULES AND PROCEDURES

GENERAL Explosives Detection (Dog Handler Teams)
In general, the Emergency, Unlawful Interference, A program has been established by the Federal Avi-
Communications Failure, Interception and Search ation Administration (FAA) to make available an ex-
and Rescue procedures are in conformity with the plosives detection dog/handler team at San Juan,
Standards, Recommended Practices and Proce- Puerto Rico (Luis Munoz Marin Intl). This team was
dures contained in ICAO Annexes and Documents. established so that aircraft can be searched if a
bomb threat is received. If this service is desired, no-
Flights shall operate in accordance with the provi-
tify your company or an FAA facility.
sions of Annex 2, and the procedures detailed in
ICAO Annexes and Documents shall apply except If due to weather or other considerations an aircraft
over United States Territories, Federal Aviation Reg- with a suspected hidden explosive problem were to
ulations control procedures and definitions apply. land or intending to land at an airport other than Luis
Munoz Marin Intl, it is recommended to call the
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES WITHIN FAA’s Washington Operations Center (telephone
THE CARIBBEAN ICAO REGION. 202-426-3333) or have an air traffic facility contact
the above center requesting assistance.
– Puerto Rico (San Juan FIR)
– Virgin Is (San Juan FIR) UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE
SPECIAL EMERGENCIES (AIR PIRACY)
EMERGENCY
A special emergency is a condition of air piracy, or
SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR IN-FLIGHT other hostile act by person(s) aboard an aircraft,
CONTINGENCIES which threatens the safety of the aircraft or its pas-
sengers.
The following procedures are provided for guidance
only. Although all possible contingencies cannot be The pilot of an aircraft reporting a special emergen-
covered, they provide for cases of inability to main- cy condition should:
tain the assigned level due to weather, aircraft per- a. If circumstances permit, apply distress or urgen-
formance and pressurization failure. They are appli- cy radio-telephony procedures. Include the de-
cable primarily when rapid descent, turn-back, or tails of the special emergency.
both, are required. The pilot’s judgement shall deter- b. If circumstances do not permit the use of pre-
mine the sequence of actions taken, having regard scribed distress or urgency procedures, transmit
to the specific circumstances. on the air-ground frequency in use at the time as
A pilot in any distress or urgency condition should many as possible of the following elements spo-
climb, if possible, for improved communications, and ken distinctly and in the following order:
better radar and direction finding detection. Howev- 1. Name of the station addressed (time and cir-
er, it must be understood that unauthorized climb or cumstances permitting);
descent under IFR conditions within controlled air-
space is prohibited, except as permitted by FAR 2. The identification of the aircraft and present
91.3(b) (in an emergency the pilot-in-command may position;
deviate from any rule to the extent required to meet 3. The nature of the special emergency condi-
that emergency). tion and pilot intentions (circumstances per-
If the emergency authority of 14 CFR Section mitting);
91.3(b) is used to deviate from the provisions of an 4. If unable to provide this information, use
air traffic control clearance, the pilot in command code words and/or transponder as follows:
must notify ATC as soon as possible and obtain an – Spoken Words — “TRANSPONDER
amended clearance. SEVEN FIVE ZERO ZERO”. Meaning —
Intercept and Escort “Am being hijacked/forced to a new desti-
nation”;
If specifically requested by a pilot in difficulty or if a – Transponder Setting — Mode 3/A, Code
distress condition is declared, Search and Rescue
7500.
(SAR) coordinators will take steps to intercept and
escort an aircraft. Steps may be initiated for inter- If it is possible to do so without jeopardizing the safe-
cept and escort if an urgency condition is declared ty of the flight, the pilot of a hijacked passenger air-
and unusual circumstances make such action advis- craft, after departing from the cleared routing over
able. which the aircraft was operating, will attempt to do
one or more of the following, insofar as circumstanc-
It is the pilot’s prerogative to refuse intercept and es-
es may permit:
cort service. Escort services will normally be provid-
ed to the nearest adequate airport. Should the pilot a. Maintain a true airspeed of no more than 400 kt,
receiving escort services continue on to another lo- and preferably an altitude between 10,000 ft and
cation after reaching a safe airport, or decide not to 25,000 ft.
divert to the nearest safe airport, the escort aircraft b. Fly a course toward the destination which the hi-
is not obligated to continue and further escort is dis- jacker has announced.
cretionary.

US CAR TERRITORIES-2 EMERGENCY 24 FEB 06

If these procedures result in either radio contact or
an air intercept, the pilot will attempt to comply with
any instructions received which may direct him to an
appropriate landing field.
COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE
Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, each pilot who
has two-way communications failure when operating
under IFR shall comply with the following conditions.
If the failure occurs in IFR conditions, or if VFR con-
ditions cannot be complied with, the pilot shall con-
tinue the flight according to the following require-
ments.
ROUTE REQUIREMENTS
a. By the route assigned in the last ATC clearance
received;
b. If being radar vectored, by the direct route from
the point of radio failure to the fix, route, or air-
way specified in the vector clearance;
c. In the absence of an assigned route, by the route
ther clearance; or
d. In the absence of an assigned route or a route
ther clearance, by the route filed in the flight
plan.
ALTITUDE REQUIREMENTS
At the highest of the following altitudes or flight levels
for the route segment being flown:
a. The altitude or flight level assigned in the last
ATC clearance received;
b. The minimum altitude (converted, if appropriate,
to the minimum flight level) for IFR operations; or
c. The altitude or flight level ATC has advised may
be expected in a further clearance.
TRANSPONDER OPERATION
If an aircraft with a coded radar beacon transponder
experiences a loss of two-way radio capability, the
pilot should adjust the transponder to reply on Mode
3/A, Code 7600.
The pilot should understand that the aircraft may not
be in an area of radar coverage.

Emergency-Jeppesen PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Emergency-Jeppesen PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

9 JUL 10 EMERGENCY WH-I

TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WH-I

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)

5 DISTRESS AND URGENCY RADIOTELEPHONY COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES

8 SEARCH AND RESCUE

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

© JEPPESEN 2006, 2010. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2 UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-3

3 COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-3

4 COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVAID FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5

5 EMERGENCY CHANGE OF LEVEL IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5

6 FORCED LANDING / DITCHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-6

1 INTERCEPTION PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-7

SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR)

2 RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11

4 RESCUE COORDINATION CENTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11

6 SEARCH AND RESCUE REGIONS AND FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12

7 INFLIGHT EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12

8 THIRD PARTY EMERGENCY REPORTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12

9 SEARCH AND RESCUE SIGNALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-13

© JEPPESEN 2006, 2010. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

9.6 Visual Distress Signals — Small Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-13

10 PARTICIPATION IN SEARCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14

11 AIR SEARCH PATTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-14

12 EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-18

13 SURVIVAL RADIO EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-19

RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING SERVICES

2 AERODROME CATEGORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21

3 HOURS OF SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21

5 AERODROME EMERGENCIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-21

3 FIRST AID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23

© JEPPESEN 2006, 2011. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

3.11 Burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24

4 ACUTE CARE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24

5 DESERT SURVIVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-24

6 SEA SURVIVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25

7 JUNGLE SURVIVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-25

8 COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-26

SECTION 1. RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITY

SECTION 2. FLIGHT PLANNING

SECTION 3. EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT)

SECTION 4. AIRCRAFT EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE

© JEPPESEN 2006, 2011. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

4.4 Transponder Alerting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 4-1

SECTION 5. TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD OF CANADA (TSB)

SEARCH AND RESCUE FACILITIES

LATIN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LA-41

SOUTH AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA-41

EMERGENCY – UNITED STATES

CHAPTER 6. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

SECTION 2. EMERGENCY SERVICES AVAILABLE TO PILOTS

SECTION 3. DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES

SECTION 4. TWO-WAY RADIO COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE

SECTION 5. AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING COMMUNICATIONS

© JEPPESEN 2006, 2011. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

CHAPTER 6. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

SECTION 2. EMERGENCY SERVICES AVAILABLE TO PILOTS

SECTION 3. DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES

SECTION 4. TWO-WAY RADIO COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-4-1

SECTION 5. AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 6-5-1

ICAO DIFFERENCES OR STATE SPECIAL PROCEDURES

Anguilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see E CARIBBEAN STATES-1

© JEPPESEN 2006, 2011. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.