Smart Task 04

Project on Analysis of case study of IMC, Indore in

successfully managing MSW of Indore City

Done by

Mr. Rahul Raju Kundiya

Submitted to

VARDHAN CONCULTING ENGINEERS

VARDHAN HOUSE, Anand Bazar, Danapur Cantonment,
Patna, Bihar

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would sincerely like to thank the team of Vardhan consulting engineers for
giving me opportunity to complete my 45 days internship training at the truly
magnificent under the guidance and supervision of Mr. Ashish kumar sir. The
entire training duration was very fruitful and memorable.

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Introduction

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become one of the major causes of pollution
for Indore. it acts as an obstruction in the development of Indore. Indore today
generates over 1,115 MT of garbage a day and all of it is collected from the source
whether it is a household or commercial establishment. 

Indore has been divided into 19 zones and 85 wards. Each ward has on an average
6,000 households and 600 commercial establishments (part of 88 notified
commercial areas). In Indore, waste is generated from various sources including
households, commercial areas and other institutions like RWAs, hospitals, hotels
among others. The households or residential complexes are covered by the door to
door collection system while the semi bulk and bulk generators are covered by the
bulk collection system. Indore ensures the 100% coverage of wards through its
door to door collection system. Composting is an organic material that has been
broken down and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. The composting
process simply requires that the pile of wet organic matter be known as green
waste and that the material decomposes into humus after a period of a few weeks
or months. Compost is rich in nutrients. It is used in gardens, land spacing,
horticulture and agriculture. Compost itself is beneficial to the soil in a number of
ways, including as a soil conditioner, fertilizer, addition of humus acid, and as a
natural soil pesticide.

Indore method is aerobic type and specification is brick pits 3 x 3 x 1 m up to 8-12

weeks materials are turned regularly in the pits and then kept on ground for about
4-6 weeks – 6 to 8 turnings in total. Gasification is a process in which the organic
substance containing carbonaceous material becomes CO. This is done at a

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temperature (> 700 ° C) without combustion, with a controlled amount. The

product of this process is the synthesis or the production gas. Syngas is a
renewable energy source. The merit of gasification over combustion is that the
synthesis gas produced in gasification is more efficient. Synthetic gas is widely
used to produce electricity. The byproduct of gasification is a solid waste (ash).
Currently, several types of gasifiers are available for commercial use fixed bed in
countercurrent, fixed bed in parallel, bed fluidized bed, entrained flow, plasma and
free radicals. Recycling is a process of converting waste into new products.
Recycling is the key element of modern waste reduction and is the third component
of the waste hierarchy. Recyclable materials include many types of glass, paper,
metal, plastic, electronics and textiles. Recycling is a key element of modern waste
reduction.

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Methodology

The storage of municipal solid waste at the source is significantly absent in most
urban areas. Garbage cans are common in decomposable and non-decomposable
waste (no waste separation is performed) and waste is stored in a common storage
facility. Storage containers can be classified as mobile containers and fixed
containers. Mobile containers are flexible in terms of transport but lack durability,
while fixed containers are more durable but their positions cannot be changed once
they have been built.

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The collection of municipal solid waste is the responsibility of the companies /

municipalities. Municipal garbage containers placed in various places along the
roads, which sometimes lead to the creation of unauthorized open collection points.
Efforts to organize door-to-door collection begin only in many megacities such as
Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Madras and Hyderabad with the help of NGOs. It has
been observed that many municipalities have used private contractors for
secondary transport from communal warehouses or collection points to disposal
sites. Others have used NGOs and citizen committees to supervise the separation
and collection of the production source at the collection points located at
intermediate points between the sources and landfills. In addition, welfare
associations in specific monthly payments organize collection in certain urban
areas. A sweeper that sweeps the roads manually is assigned a specific area
(around 250 m2). The sweepers place the waste from the road in a wheelbarrow
and then transfer the waste to garbage cans or collection points.

MSW disposals and treatment in indore city:

Gasification:

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Gasification is a process in which the organic substance containing carbonaceous

material becomes CO. This is done at a temperature (> 700 ° C) without
combustion, with a controlled amount. The product of this process is the synthesis
or the production gas. Syngas is a renewable energy source. The merit of
gasification over combustion is that the synthesis gas produced in gasification is
more efficient. Synthetic gas is widely used to produce electricity. The byproduct
of gasification is a solid waste (ash). Currently, several types of gasifiers are
available for commercial use: fixed bed in countercurrent, fixed bed in parallel,
bed fluidized bed, entrained flow, plasma and free radicals.

Incineration:

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the burning of organic

matter present in the MSW. Ashes and combustion gases are the by-products of
this process. Incineration is beneficial for hazardous waste, pathogens, toxins and
waste produced by hospitals. It also reduces waste from 80 to 85% by weight and

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from 90 to 96% by volume. This is done in a computer called an incinerator.

Incineration can produce 2/3 MWh of electricity per ton of MSW. This is a bad
option because the waste consists mainly of high organic matter (40-60%) and high
inert content (30- 50%), as well as low heat content (800-1100 kcal / kg) and high
moisture content (40-60%) in MSW and high plant installation and operation costs.

Composting:

Composting is an organic material that has been broken down and recycled as a
fertilizer and soil amendment. The composting process simply requires that the pile
of wet organic matter be known as green waste and that the material decomposes
into humus after a period of a few weeks or months. Compost is rich in nutrients. It
is used in gardens, land spacing, horticulture and agriculture. Compost itself is
beneficial to the soil in a number of ways, including as a soil conditioner, fertilizer,
addition of humus or humic acid, and as a natural soil pesticide.

Landfill:

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Landfill is the oldest and most common method of treating solid waste. This is
done on a particular site or land called a dump. The waste is poured into the soil by
weight in a uniform manner. After the spill, the debris is covered with a layer of
soil after each day. It does not require any infrastructure or equipment, so it is the
most economical process of waste management. Methane produced from waste,
which is a greenhouse gas, is a major threat to the environment and is highly
flammable and explosive. It is the disposal of waste that cannot be reused, recycled
or recovered, in or on land. The aim is to avoid contact between the waste and the
surrounding environment, especially groundwater.

Recycling:

Recycling is a process of converting waste into new products. Recycling is the key
element of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the waste
hierarchy. Recyclable materials include many types of glass, paper, metal, plastic,
electronics and textiles. Recycling is a key element of modern waste reduction.

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Analysis

Municipal Solid Waste Management is (MSWM) is one of the environmental

problems in India. Improper management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) causes
hazards to the inhabitants. In India studies reveal that about 85%-90% of MSW is
disposed of unscientifically in an open land and landfills, creating problem to
public health and overall environment.

MSW composition:

Description Percentage by weight

Vegetables leaves 40.15
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Grass 3.80
Paper 0.81
Plastics 0.62
Glass 0.44
Metals 0.61
Stones 41.81
Miscellaneous 11.73

Status of municipal solid waste generation in indore:

Municipal solid waste: 350 tons/day

Per capita generated: 0.320 kg/day

Garbage Transfer Station

Indore is one of the economically developed cities of Madhya Pradesh and is the
financial capital of the state. Indore is the 9th largest city in India with population
of around 25 lakhs. The city has been divided into 85 Wards and 19 Zones as the
operational area for Solid Waste Management (SWM). In Indore, waste is
collected in segregated manner i.e. the waste is segregated at source by the
generators. The total waste generation in Indore is 1115 MTPD. Out of the total
waste 58.25% is the wet or organic waste, 41.75% is dry waste and 0.5% is
household hazardous and sanitary waste. The total wet waste generation is 650
MTPD (Approximately) and dry waste generation is 465 MTPD (Approximately).

The collected waste is transported by the Tri-partioned garbage tippers deployed in

all 85 wards to the designated Garbage transfer station (GTS). Previously, the

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waste was being transported to the centralized processing plant which is

approximately 20-23 kms from the city. To strengthen and reduce the cost of the
Secondary Collection and Transportation System, IMC has constructed eight ultra-
modern transfer stations of three types of models such as Ramp based static GTS,
portable Compactors based GTS and semi portable Compactors based GTS
installed by Hyva and TPS at different locations mentioned below within the city:-

Star Square

Kabitkhedi

F-sector, Sanwer Road

Sangam Nagar

Sirpur, Dhar Road

Lalbagh

Crystal IT Park

Rajshahi, DakkanwalaKua

All of the above models have provision of segregated waste collection and
transportation through Hook loaders to the disposal site. There are two hoppers one
for the collection of dry waste (Blue colour) and second for the collection of wet

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waste (Green colour). The MSW from door to door garbage tippers is collected in
two steps.  At first the dry waste is off loaded in blue hopper and thereafter the wet
waste is off loaded into the green hopper. These hoppers are connected to blue and
green containers respectively. The segregated MSW is compressed into respective
containers. When the containers are filled to capacity, they are lifted by dedicated
hook loader and sent to disposal site in a segregated manner. The Hook loader
carrying wet waste off load their waste directly to the Centralized Composting Unit
whereas dry waste is off loaded to the Material Recovery Facility 1 / Material
Recovery Facility 2 at the disposal site.

The detailed aspects are described below:

Waste Generation & Segregation: The waste is generated in Indore in segregated
form. The waste generators have been classified as domestic, semi bulk and bulk
generators. Domestic generators are the generators that generate less than 25 kg of
waste per day. Generators that generate 25-100 kg of waste per day have been
classified assemi bulk generators. The generators generating more than 50 kg of
waste have been classified as bulk generators.

The waste is generated in segregated form as wet waste, dry waste and domestic
hazardous waste by the domestic generators. The bulk generators segregate the
waste as wet waste and dry waste.

Waste Collection & Transportation: The waste is collected in segregated form

by partitioned tippers from domestic generators. These tippers have been
partitioned in the ratio of 50:50, 60:40 or 85: 15. The wet and dry waste is
collected by these vehicles in separate chambers. The domestic hazardous waste is
collected in a separate bin that is attached at the back of the tipper. The tippers
have a predefined collection route which has been defined in their deployment

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plan. The tippers on completing their collection routes, move to their designated
GTS and offload their waste in the designated compactor. The compactor
compresses the waste and it is loaded on the hook loader to be transported to the
central processing plant. The waste from the bulk generators is collected through
the bulk collection system wherein two vehicles are deployed to collect wet waste
and dry waste separately. The bulk generators are further divided into two
categories as per the quantity of waste generated. The first category consists of
generators that generate25 to 100 kg of waste. These are small semi-bulk
establishments like coffee shops, small eateries, etc. From these generators, both
wet and dry waste is collected in segregated form by dumpers and compactors that
move in pairs collecting waste along their route. In the second category, the
generators generating more than 100kg waste have been placed. These generators
are hotels, marriage gardens, RWAs, etc. Only dry waste is collected from these
generators as they treat the wet waste generated by them onsite.

Weighbridge: The weighbridge facility at the processing plant is a computerized

facility and the first point of interaction for all vehicles incoming to the plant to
offload their waste. All the incoming vehicles are waste upon entering the plant
and after they have offloaded the waste to determine the waste that has been
brought by them. Then a receipt is generated and recorded at the facility. This
receipt depicts the quantity of waste transported, type of waste, registration number
of the vehicle, source transfer station and the in-out time of the vehicle.

Waste Processing: The dry waste from both the transfer stations and the bulk
collection vehicles is offloaded at the MRF centers, where they are further
segregated and processed. The wet waste from the transfer stations and the bulk

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collection system is offloaded for processing at the central composting plant at the
site. The wet waste of the bulk generators is processed on site by the respective
generators.

The domestic hazardous waste is treated in a separate facility where it is

transferred straight from the transfer station in biomedical vans. The domestic
hazardous waste is incinerated at the Central Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility.

Triggering Activities and Monitoring

 

 Triggering activities in Indore are specifically done for elimination of OD

spots. Through these activities, awareness against open defecation is done by
including the OD spots in the action plan and then turning those spots into Non-
OD spots by performing triggering activities at the spots themselves.
 Under triggering activities, actions were taken to eliminate 72 OD spots that
were found in different locations and the section below details all the actions:
 Lightening of the OD spots was done.
 Duties were assigned for each of the OD spots round the clock and strict
spot fine was imposed on any person practicing open defecation.
 From September, 2016, 100% of municipal staff was involved in triggering
activities for four months. Apart from Municipal staff, active involvement by
Mayor, MLAs and ward councilor was also into pace. Zone wise team was also
formed to carry out the triggering activities.
 Target OD spots were essentially monitored with essential OD targets being
at railway tracks, Bus stands, Transport area and major entry points of the city.
 Banners indicating bad practices were placed at OD spots.
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To overcome all the deficiencies of present system and to establish soild waste
management system of Indore city as per and Solid Waste Management Rules
2016 following actions are required.

 100% door to door collection and storage of waste.

 To make city bin free so as no storage of waste can be done along roads.
 Fixing of litter bins in all commercial areas.
 Establishment of modern transfer stations at strategic locations.
 Establishment of waste to energy plant.

Conclusion

In this project topic indicates the proper management and processing of Indore's
MSW. The determination and type of MSW and the treatment with the respective
method is the best way to manage the MSW, so it does not create pollution and
damages our society. Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) generally uses landfill
and composting methods for the treatment of MSW. IMC can also use different
treatments such as gasification technology for MSW treatment because it is a
renewable energy source for electricity production. As the population grows

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rapidly as urbanization accelerates, the generation of MSW also increases, this

document will help MSWM authorities improve the city.

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