THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD: A PLACE TO LIVE IN

A Research Paper submitted to

the Faculty of General Education of the College

of Business & Accountancy of University

of Cebu Banilad Campus

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements of Sociology 101:

The Contemporary World

By:

Nieva Marie Estenzo

Chenny Marie Cantano

Zeneth Jumao-as

Kathleen Jade Pospos

Mc Evans Herana

Jason Hortelano

October 2019
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

There has been a lot of people that exerted great help in this study, and the

researchers would want to express their sincerest gratitude to them.

First and foremost, to God the Father who is always there to guide them all

the time. Through His grace, they have the courage to continue and pursue this

study and have the patience to do everything that they are required to do.

To the researchers' beloved parents, who gave the researchers all the support

that they have, especially the financial support and for being patient.

To the proponents' classmates that have helped them through thick and thin.

They have helped a lot with the topics that are not likely understandable. They

have inspired the researchers with all their help and concern.

To Mr. Emmanuel B. Elnar, for guiding the researchers all throughout the

study has and have been patiently teaching them important things in accordance

with their study.

To the different authors, writers and sources that this study has come to

utilized, your tremendous help and guidance through your data and studies paved

the way for this study to be realistic and more convenient. Thank you for your

work, not only serving as an example to this study, but also expanded the

capability of this study to be possible. Thank you all for your help and God speed.
 DEDICATION

This study is dedicated to the researchers' loving parents, relatives, peers,

fellow researchers, to the faculty members of College of Business and

Accountancy and most of all to the future researchers. The researchers are hoping

that this study would be of help to other researchers in making their projects and

studies and will aid the future researchers to innovate another magnificent product

in the realm of researches.

 TITLE AND SUBTOPICS

I. Chapter I: INTRODUCTION

Rationale
Theoretical Background
The Research Question
Hypothesis
Scope of Study
Definition of Terms

II. Chapter II: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

Sociopolitical Dimension in term of

Level of respect & protection of human rights particularly
Life
Dignity
Development
Level of peace & security
Efficiency of delivery of public services
Assurance of observance of constitutional rule & rule of law
Commitment to peace, justice and freedom

III. Chapter III: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION &

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings
Conclusion
Recommendations

Bibliography
Appendices
Curriculum Vitae
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

This study aims to gather information that will lead us in answering whether

the contemporary world of today is becoming a better place to live in, with the

context of socio-political dimension of the world as of today. The contemporary

world as of today has evolved from a simple day-to-day survival into a more

complex and dynamic society. This study aims to pinpoint that current status of

this evolution and how it affects the livability of the world. This will help the

society check the signs and information that this study could provide, and work on

those to assure the livability of the world not just for the current generation but for

the future offspring and era.

This study mainly focuses on socio-political dimension, in order to look in

areas such as level of respect and protection of human rights, level of peace and

security, efficiency of delivery of public services, effectiveness of governing rules

and laws as well as the justice, freedom and equality of the world. By conducting

this study, it could address those key areas and solve the governing question that

will support or address the discrepancies of the becoming of the contemporary

world of today and of the future.

Theoretical Background

This study applies and adapt the ideology of globalism which believes

that the integration of economic markets globally is beneficial to all, since it

spreads freedom and democracy. (Claudio and Abinales, 2018) It promotes

globalization but just more focused on economic. Furthermore, this study

specifically promotes globalization but just in the context of socio-political areas.

Globalization involves the collision of various ideas, practices, and

technologies existing across the borders of one’s mainland. It has powerful

economic, political, cultural, and social dimension. It increases the speed and

power of technological innovation which makes people’s lives more convenient. It

provides security in terms of employment possibilities because of the rising

multinational corporations due to such globalization. These multinational

corporations have considerable economic and cultural power. Globalization offers

a sense of connectivity in the cultural life of different countries.

In connection with globalization is the Theory of Liberalism which

highlights the idea that states have always been embedded in a domestic and

transnational society, which paves way for more economic, social, and cultural

interactions across borders. This theory differs from the other rationalist theories

because of its two unique assumptions about world politics: (1) states represent

social groups, wherein those views are composed of state preferences, (2)
interdependence among state preferences influences state policy. On the other

hand, the other related theory which is the Theory of Constructivism concentrates

on the way the social actors ‘construct’ their world. This revolves around the idea

that globalization arises because of the way people have constructed a social world

through different symbols, languages, images, and interpretation. This theory

asserts that human development is socially situated, and knowledge is constructed

through interaction with others.

According to Mehlika (2015), globalization increased influence of non-

governmental organizations in public policy like humanitarian aid, developmental

efforts, etc. There are a lot of organizations emerging with the mission to help the

people from the unprivileged societies. People from around the globe extend their

support to one another in uplifting other people’s lives.

Globalization had great impact on different places in its immense spread in

the world especially on creating and imposing laws. It affected the delivery of

justice mechanisms around the world. Some provisions of the laws enacted in one

country have been influenced by provisions enacted in another country. This is

because globalization has linked the economies of nations which otherwise have no

territorial or geographical connection. The laws relating to human rights keep on

developing with the various global conventions and conferences. There is

exchanging of ideas on improving the condition and dignity of human life. It had

also brought about the issues and protection of women and children.

The Research Question

Is the contemporary world becoming a better place to live in as to

1. SOCIO-POLITICAL DIMENSION in terms of

1.1 level of respect & protection of human rights particularly

1.1.1 life

1.1.2 dignity

1.1.3 development

1.2 level of peace & security

1.3 efficiency of delivery of public services

1.4 assurance of observance of constitutional rule & rule of law

1.5 commitment to justice, freedom & equality

Hypothesis

The researchers firmly believe that the contemporary world is becoming a

better place to live in as to socio-political dimension provided the indicators and

variables in this study.

Scope of Study
 This study focuses on the socio-political dimension of the contemporary

world in addressing the issue of the study. More specifically, our analysis focuses

on the study of the links between areas regarding level of respect and protection of

human rights specific on life, dignity and development. In addition, it will also tap

links among level of peace and security, efficiency of delivery of public services,

assurance of observance of constitutional rule and the rule of law and commitment

to justice, freedom and equality. Still, this study has limitations which will only

tackle the social and political dimensions of development worldwide via

continental issues and information available from 2015 up to present. Thus, it will

not involve other dimensions or areas other than the topics mentioned.

Definition of Terms

There are some terms that could be found in this study which needs to be

defined for the readers to easily comprehend each discussion. The terms are the

following:

Constitution. It refers to the primary and most basic principles and laws of

the world which identifies the duties of the worldwide legal advocates and gives

the assurance in protecting the rights of the people.

Constitutional Rule. It is the body of rules, doctrines, and practices that

govern the operation of political communities.

 Constructivism. In this study, it was defined as a metaphorical word that

describes a certain theory. Its definition comes from its root word 'construct' where

people use it to define their world using different symbols, languages, images, and

interpretation.

Contemporary World. It is the circumstances and ideas of the present age

specifically under the scope of the events after the World War II in the year 1945.

Equality. It is a situation where any individual, persons or group are treated

the same.

Globalization. It is defined as the development of an increasingly integrated

global economy and to be marked specifically in relation with sociopolitical aspect

which the study is all about.

Human Rights. Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong

to every person in the world, from birth until death. They apply regardless of

where you are from, what you believe or how you choose to live your life.

Justice. It is the condition where in there is a supervision and maintenance

of what is fair and just which particularly involves two conflicting parties.

Liberalism. In this study, it was defined as a political philosophy based on

belief in progress, the essential goodness of humans, and the autonomy of the

individual and standing for the protection of political and civil liberties.
 Life. In this research, it refers to the right for life. It means that no living

entity has the right to end other living entity and life including the government.

Non-Governmental Organization (NGO). It is a non-profit, citizen-based

group that functions independently of government. NGOs, sometimes called civil

societies, are organized on community, national and international levels to serve

specific social or political purposes, and are cooperative, rather than commercial,

in nature.

Peace. It is a condition where there is a sense of security and freedom from

taunting and oppressive thoughts and/or emotions coming from external forces.

The Rule of Law. It pertains to the act of obedience of any individual,

persons and group under the regulation of law not irrational and arbitrary act of

persons and individuals.

Socio-political. The joining or merging of the characteristics of the social

and political factors in the continental context.

 CHAPTER II

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF DATA

SOCIO-POLITICAL DIMENSION in terms of

Level of respect & protection of human rights particularly

 Life

Higher than 3(BETTER)

2 to 3
1 to 2
0 to 1
Less than 0 to -1
Less than -1 to -2
Less than -2 to -3
Less than -3 to -4 (Worse)
No Data

Figure 2.1 Level of Respect and Protection of Human Rights 2017

 Figure 2.1 describes the degree to which governments in different

countries and continents protect and respect human rights. This portrays the value

they give on the life of every human being. Countries that top this list consists of

Iceland and other European countries, as well as New Zealand and Solomon

Islands. The least among them includes some African countries and Asian

countries to which Philippines, Korea, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Myanmar and

Afghanistan belongs. This data simply proves that human rights, though there are

no trend on it, there are continents like Asia and Africa that has areas wherein their

human rights are less likely to be protected and respected. Still, there are continents

̶ Australia, North and South America, and Europe ̶ that has a fair share of countries

that has better human right scores.

According to Farris (2014), these scores are produced from an

econometric model that combines measures from nine other sources. This means

this data is more than its simple presentation, the scores represent the relative

position of one country in one specific year relative to the average of all countries

across the entire period (1949-2014), which is set to zero. Thus, based on the figure

presented many areas around the globe are still lacking in respecting and protecting

its people, though there are areas that excels on these it does not uplift areas that

are vulnerable to it. Moreover, as the standards in determining these scores

becomes higher, small to greater improvements on this would not increase the
status or position of countries. As the standard or cost of living increases in today’s

time, the need of protection and respect of such areas to its human rights and life

also increases. This admits that globally, there are improvements on respect of life

but are still behind comparing to the rapid increasing of standard or cost of living

of the world.
 Dignity

1.2 ̶ 2.8 8.7

2.1
3.7 ̶ 6.1 7.2 5.1 9.6 3.3
3.5 7.4-9.9
7.3-9.3 9.1 2.9
7.7 8.7 9.7
4.9 ̶ 7.4
6 5.6
7.3
9.5 9.3 6.4
7.1 7.8 6.9
10 6.2
6.3
4.8 5.6 6.3 ̶ 7
6 7.2
5.8 2.3
4.3 ̶ 4.6
4.4
1.1

LEGEND: (in scale form)

Figure 2.2 Level of Dignity based on Human Violations 2014

This figure above clearly shows the degradation of dignity, respect and honor

among countries and nation. It is clearly visible that world of today is going out of

control and the values among nations are becoming worst, even worse, these

countries with higher scores in this are dominating the world. This is a great threat

on human existence as well as the environment and the society. This hinders and

could stop countries from progressing thus living would mean suffering in this

case. Moreover, with these loss of dignity on countries this could mean that the

world as a whole is not uplifting good morals but losing its value.
 Development

RANKING:

Top 1 countries

Top 2 countries

Top 3 countries

Top 4 countries

Figure 2.3 Level of Economic Freedom among individuals 2016

In the figure above, it focuses on individuals having the economic

freedom belonging on different areas and continents. This simply means the

potential of these continents from being financially and economically free.

This is a good sign and could push through the development and progress of

the world. As shown on the figure, there are around the same number of

continents composing of many countries that are substantially considered as

most free and countries that have the least freedom economically. This will

help make the world become economically free in the next succeeding years
 considering the rapid expansion of countries being economically free with

individuals having the freedom to choose, trade, and cooperate with others,

and compete as they see fit. This means a better way of living.

Figure 2.4 Global Peace Index Results 2019

The figure above describes the global peace index results of the different

countries in the world, with Iceland topping the list together with other European

countries as well as New Zealand, Canada, Japan and Australia. While countries

such as Afghanistan and countries from Asia and Africa are among the least
peaceful communities. Based on the data provided, the researchers can infer that

Europe, Northern America, Australia are the continents with more peaceful

environment than Asia and Africa. Moreover, based on the analysis on the global

results above, the ratio of more peaceful environment to lesser peaceful

environment is lower since lesser peaceful countries dominate in the global scale

than more peaceful ones.

Furthermore, to give support on the data above, the researchers come up

with accumulated narrative data regarding the level of peace and security among

continents & countries as discussed below in the succeeding section.

Now, peace is one of the most fundamental prerequisites a society should

embody in order to achieve order. One of the strongest pedagogies of peace is care.

The numerous schools and universities in the United States utilize this approach.

These academic institutions see peace as a necessity and should be taught to

children. By these, the future citizens of the country will achieve social order and

political stability (Skelton, Woehrle, & Blakeman, 2015). Peace is achieved

through economic, social and political integration. In European Integration, they

emphasize the means and ends of inter-state and inter-societal peace. They utilize

tools to progress and one of these tools is social security and order. They highlight

peace as a tool for social and political integration which would result to a

substantial progress to the state [ CITATION Ana16 \l 1033 ].

 The humanity is now experiencing challenges unparalleled in its history.

Challenges such as global climate change, global warming, depletion of species

and overpopulation. Such complication needs cooperation. However, the important

factor of cooperation is peace and trust. Without these two variables, it is

impossible to reach the level of trust and cooperation or inclusiveness necessary to

solve these changes, let alone empower and influence major organizations to

support the movement. Positive peace defines the goals that a system needs to cope

up with the environment, social and political wounds. Hence, positive peace is the

solution of these problems (Positive Peace Report, 2018). The power of economic

globalization and fast free trade enabled the swift movement of illegal acts through

borders in the countries in Asia. Peace and security have been threatened because

of this phenomenon. The root of the problem was substantially caused by

economic diversification. Some of the countries in Asia are considerably

progressive and some are not. The poor countries could not cope up with the level

of security that the rich states have. Conflict and Violence are also one of the

reasons why peace is threatened. Refugees from other countries threaten the social

order of the other countries they move in. Lastly, poor governance is the biggest

contributor of the affair. This causes economic immutability which will be the

probable factor to instability of peace and order. [ CITATION Bar17 \l 1033 ]

 In Africa, various social organizations are present to maintain peace and

security. Infrastructure for peace is one of these organizations. These organizations

are present to mediate intra-state or inter-communal violence through harnessing

local resources enable communities to resolve conflicts through problem-solving

approach. They make sure to arbitrate the problems present and resolve it. Social

infrastructures like health, pharmaceutical and financial infrastructure that would

ensure safety for all their citizens. (Oseremen, 2018)

In a recent crisis in US, political tension is quite threatening. The

impeachment inquiry became a stress test for American democracy. The U.S. is

currently having a constitutional crisis as to the issue regarding the declaration of

war from the White House towards the House Impeachment Inquiry, about

overturning the results of the 2016 election for which the President refused to

cooperate. House Democrats stated that his failure to attend to their demands for

information could cause him impeachment. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi

have officially opened an impeachment inquiry to kick Trump out of the White

House. "The actions of the Trump presidency revealed a dishonorable fact of the

president's betrayal of his oath of office" Pelosi addressed. Trump showed betrayal

of America's national security as well as the integrity of its elections. No one is

above the law; Trump is not an exemption to that. Therefore, he must be held

accountable for his inappropriate actions. There are on-going investigations arising
from the allegations that Trump froze hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to

Ukraine. If evidences would be uncovered which is worthy enough for his

impeachment, the House Democrats could send those findings to the Judiciary

Committee. This could be an addition to the succeeding data about observance of

constitutional rule & rule of law.

Figure 2.5 Global form of Government

The figure above shows that the people have different opinions regarding the

issue on the impeachment of US President Donald Trump. There are some that is

against the president while some stands with him. The highest on the poll that will

support on a candidate for the impeachment of the president are the Democrats
with 70%, it is followed with the national registered voters and independents with

by 42%, and lowest on the poll that do not support a candidate to impeach the

president are the Republicans. On the other hand, people said that they were more

concern that the congress should focus further on issues such as implementing

additional strict rules on gun and firearms control. Health insurance reforms must

also be on the top priority of the congress above everything (Wellford, 2018). In

the continuous circulation of the impeachment issue, people have its own view

towards it, but they point out importantly that the nation and the government

should not forget the underlying issues which would greatly help the people

themselves (Wellford, 2018). This leads us to imply that what the people want is to

focus on public services that would address those issues which could be a

complement to the data below.

 Efficiency of delivery of public services

Figure. Public Social Spending

In Figure, it shows that the government spends for different services that it

offers to the people. This is compose of health benefits, housing, employment,

education and many other services. The figure above relays that as the year passes

by, the spending on providing welfare to everyone increases. Thus, it conveys that

there is an expansion towards meeting the needs of the nation.

The country supports in improving the accessibility and quality education. In

order to increase the delivery of educational services, Burkina Faso, Canada

coordinates with Ministry of National Education and Literacy. A project is made to

train teachers, build schools and classrooms, and enhance their educational

programs (Public service delivery, 2017). Citizen Voice and Action (CVA) is a

simple, well-defined approach that equips citizens to engage in constructive

dialogue with government. It was formed to help the people converse with the

government on their needs. In Doti and Kailali, Nepal, support on the health of

individuals was much given. Malnutrition on children aged less than 3 years old

has decreased from 8% to 5.8%.

Municipalities around 1,373 nationwide in the Philippines is given a

mechanism that help in utilizing water system, evacuation facility, local access

roads, sanitation and health facilities. The project greatly increased the access to

facilities. On the other hand, Australian government is collaborating with LinkedIn

to know the trends on jobs. This help the state make programs for the Australian

workers get the right skills and competencies in order to get a job. In this, the

people generate income from a good source which is giving them the money to buy

food, clothing, shelter and other things they need.

 Assurance of observance of constitutional rule & rule of law

Figure 2.5 Global form of Government

As shown in Figure 2.5, the world is basically divided into two forms

of government which is federalism and unitary. These are true since the kind of

government in different areas may vary but they all fall on either two forms as

mentioned. These two divisions of forms, as well as to kinds of government, could

hinder or support the world in terms of administration and the way each area would

handle observance of law and upholding of it. Unitary states would probably

incline more towards the betterment of the central government or authority, while

federalist would go for collectivism as well as individualism of each cities and

areas they govern. This gives a contradiction on application and effect of law on

the different areas of the world thus conflicts between its observance globally will

be a huge challenge.
 Figure 2.6 Climate change Litigation cases in Global Scale

In the Figure 2.6, it describes the litigation cases on climate change

appearing in a global scale. This study gives more focus on the quantity of

litigation among countries and how these numbers are increasing and spreading

across borders. Thus, the figure above means that conflicts among countries are

increasing and expanding across the globe as what the numbers on countries

portray. Moreover, rule of law and how they could observe each governing law in

each country involved on each case would have objections and will be a test as to

connection with the previous discussion.

 Average Score per Continent in their Adherence to their Rule of
Law
80
60
40
20
0
ica

ia
sia

ca
ic

an
fri
ro
A
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ce
A
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O
A

d
h

th

an
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or
So

lia
N

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us
Average Score (100=Highest; 0=Lowest)

A
Figure 2.7. Average score per continent in their adherence to their rule of law

According to the World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index 2019, the

more countries a certain continent have, the lower is the adherence level of people

to their nation's rule of law and those continents having less countries in their

scope has higher adherence level than those continents having a lot of countries.

In 2017, the Human Rights Council adopted the resolution 36/7 which

extended the mandate of the Special Rapporteur for a further period of three years.

In the resolution, the Human Rights Council expresses its expectation that the

implementation of a comprehensive approach to the four elements of this mandate

(truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence) should help “ensure

accountability, serve justice, provide remedies to victims, promote healing and

reconciliation, establish independent oversight of the security system and restore

confidence in the institutions of the State and promote the rule of law in

accordance with international human rights law”. The report of the Global

Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security reiterates the importance of the

rule of law, particularly as it applies to promoting and protecting the integrity of

elections. All citizens, including political competitors and the opposition, should

have legal redress to exercise their election-related rights. Moreover, the EU set up

the European Court of Justice to ensure that ‘the law is observed’ in the

interpretation and application of EU treaties and organizations are also increasingly

seeking to strengthen constitutional governance in their member states by

developing regulatory frameworks that reject and sanction attempts to remain in

power unconstitutionally, particularly unconstitutional transfers of power. In

addition, the central authority of African Union (AU) are respect for democratic

principles and institutions, popular participation, human rights, the rule of law and

good governance. The African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance

(ACDEG) emphasizes the importance of constitutionalism and the rule of law in a

democracy. It elaborates the AU’s guiding principles in promoting democracy and

good governance. (Cordenillo, 2016). Inequality of the enforcement of the law to

the society is still present nowadays in such cases like rich people can easily get
away to a certain violation they committed due to some advantages they have like

having the abundance of monetary resources while in the other hand, the poor

citizens suffer much to the burden to the violations they committed (Brion, 2018).

In 2017, the Human Rights Council adopted the resolution 36/7 which

extended the mandate of the Special Rapporteur for a further period of three years.

In the resolution, the Human Rights Council expresses its expectation that the

implementation of a comprehensive approach to the four elements of this mandate

(truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence) should help “ensure

accountability, serve justice, provide remedies to victims, promote healing and

reconciliation, establish independent oversight of the security system and restore

confidence in the institutions of the State and promote the rule of law in

accordance with international human rights law”.

Still, with all the efforts of many organizations, conflicts are inevitable and

are surfacing the contemporary world. Making headlines just this year 2019, is

about the Hong Kong crisis. This is a great example that as to assurance of

observance of constitutional rule and rule of law, it is still far to reach. Amidst this

political tension the protestors are standing their ground for their rights and to

achieve freedom judicially and not to be slave of the autocratic and what the

researchers refer to as bureaucratic red tape mainland. They protest because of the

extradition bill which is a series of demonstrations in Hong Kong and solidarity

protest in other cities which mainly began when a Hong Kong man allegedly

murdered his girlfriend while having a holiday in Taiwan, wherein he returned to

his mainland last year. The issue being addressed is that the Taiwanese officials

asked assistance from Hong Kong authorities to extradite the citizen, so he will

properly receive the consequences of his actions, however Hong Kong officials

refused such aid due to the lack of extradition agreement with Taiwan. The

Extradition Bill is controversial, for people would be subject to arbitrary detention,

unfair trial and torture under China's judicial system. The proposed changes will

put the Hong Kong citizens at risk, because no one will no longer be safe. Which

will in turn jeopardize the city's judicial independence. In addition, the protesters in

Hong Kong started accumulating grievances after a controversial bill that would

enable China to extradite fugitives from the city and allow them to transfer to

China. It started relatively small and peaceful. However, it eventually grew after

police brutality was accused to the Hong Kong police. The people are no longer

just seeking for the eradication of the bill but also for democracy. They stated that

they have five core demands against the Hong Kong leaders. These are

withdrawing the bill, leader Carrie Lam to step down, inquiry into police brutality,

those who have been arrested to be released, and greater democratic freedoms̶.

This section can also be an addition to the data pertaining to the previous
discussion about peace and security and as to the commitment of government to

justice, freedom and equality which will be the topic below.

Commitment to justice, freedom & equality

Figure 2.8 Access of Asian to Civil Justice

As shown in figure 2.7, World Justice Project’s study revealed that

Singapore amongst all the other countries in Asia has the most accessible and

affordable civil justice system. Making it a better place for the citizens to exercise

their rights without being discriminated nor judged. The rule of law from the

perspective of the ordinary people in different Asian countries showed that civil

justice is important especially for them, because it is the law that greatly affects

their common lives. World Justice Project also measures the access of people to
this so-called civil justice based on how people perceive their access towards the

system that is free from discrimination. Other countries that showed low statistics,

is now trying to reform their justice systems, for the good of their country and for

their citizens. Moreover, by this movement, it can be clearly depicted that all these

efforts exerted by the respective government of each countries are for the benefits

that comes along with it, in the hopes of making the world a better place to live in.

Figure 2.9 Percentage of Informed Europeans about Legal Procedures 2013

On the other hand, Figure 2.8 discusses that the court of justice in these

countries located in Europe ruled that “commitment decisions are without

prejudice to the powers of competition authorities and courts of the Member States

to decide on the case, and do not affect the power of the courts.” The gap between
each country is not that big, thus, it gives us an insight how people in Europe have

been living, experiencing, and is satisfied with the legal procedures and judicial

systems.

Figure 2.10 Economic Freedom in Asian countries

As shown in the figure above, Asia has been one of the leading continents

across the globe. Upon conducting a conference, they recognized that the vital role

of civil society and democracy advocates to animate the democracy movement in

Asia. Moreover, in response to the democracy regress in the region, the civil

society of Asia renew its commitments to uphold and promote democracy through

strengthen and enhance democracy solidarity and unity.

 Figure 2.11 Freedom of the Press in Europe

Based on Figure 2.11, Europe over the years, have been exercising the

freedom of movement in their daily lives. They have media freedom that is a

fundamental right that applies to all members/citizens of their respective countries.

They believe that media freedom is a “key indicator of a country’s readiness to

form part of the European Union. They practice the freedom of expression and the

freedom to access relevant information about a certain topic. In Europe there is an

absence of state monopoly. All these platforms are created to improve the lives of

their citizens and give them an environment that is conducive with respect and love

for each other.

Figure 2.11 Freedom of the Press in Europe

 As shown in Figure 2.11, In every country across Asia and the Pacific has

been empowering people of different sex and gender. The reason to this, is because

it is strongly insinuated that commitment to equality and non-discrimination offers

a strong a foundation to the betterment of the individuals in various households.

Moreover, A charter for Europe’s local and regional government aims to commit

themselves towards a more equal treatment of men and women, and to implement

respect from within. There also includes empowering women and girls to take full

course action with their rights, mainly about stopping discrimination and violence

against them. Such includes, Physical and psychological integrity of women,

Socio-economic rights/empowerment of women, and to have a voice and

participation for women. These platforms lead to the general conclusion that

though there are a lot of negativities encircling the world today, still it is never too

late to start up a change. Especially within us, and with our actions and behavior in

totality.

As the researchers go over the data pertaining to the commitment of

continents and countries all over the world, governments are exerting efforts and

are committed. Still, the researchers cannot find a solid evidence, globally, that

could boost that commitment and to what extent they have expanded their efforts

and have actualize those efforts whether justice, freedom and equality are

prospering in their respective areas. Thus, in terms of commitment of governments

efforts to push through justice, freedom and equality, they are but needs to be

transparent, effective and efficient to produce results that will speak itself about

justice, freedom and equality.

CHAPTER III

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

As described and shown in the previous chapter, data regarding socio-

political dimension of the world as to life, dignity and development ̶ many

continents are still far behind achieving a better life and are rampant globally.

There may be a fair number of continents that are economically free but still it is

paired up with about the same number of least free continents.

Moreover, the peace and security index has shown that countries around the

world vary from being the most peaceful to chaotic. Countries around the world

are considerably experiencing a subsequent lessening of sociopolitical levels of

peace and security. Thus, although there are areas in different continents that are

most peaceful compared to others, many are still less peaceful which means people
are more likely to conflict with each other. Still, continents give importance to

peace and security but are still yet to reap the results of their endeavors.

In addition, based on the data provided about public service delivery, the

level is efficiently increasing. A lot of services are given to the people that give

them more access to their needs especially on education and healthcare. Illnesses

are also easier to prevent or cure due to faster provision of medicines and facilities.

Furthermore, as the foundation of having a society who has strong adherence

to the rule of law and a certain nation's constitutional rule lies to how they have

been governed by their higher authorities. The types of government matters to how

these people have the assurance to observe the rule of law. As given by the data,

there are some cases in other countries that inequality is still in the surface of their

nation where the rich people could easily get away to the consequences of not

following the rule of law due to certain wealth advantages while poor people

suffers a lot these consequences. However, there are also a lot of cases in most of

the countries where they spread the awareness of observing the rule of law and

constitutional rule in relation to humanitarian aspect and with the proper regulation

of democracy in their governance. In line with this, having few population in a

certain country would give a high assurance that the society in that land would

adhere to their rule of law, while having a large population would likely have a

difficulty in giving an assurance that majority of the people would observe their
nations' rule of law and constitutional rule. Thus, in terms of this area, most of the

continents are still far behind achieving assurance of observance of constitutional

rule and the rule of law.

As to the data pertaining to commitment of governments on justice, freedom

and equality ̶ it can be depicted that all the efforts being done by the government is

only for the betterment of their respective countries and citizens and to achieve a

civilized society where democracy movements prevail, and discrimination could

not grow further. Thus, there is evident commitment on justice, freedom and

equality globally but as to the results of these efforts, they are yet to prove and

show effective and evident outcomes on this.

In summary of the results, socio-political dimension of the world is hardly

progressing, and some are even deteriorating. Yes, there may be areas that have

commitment but in totality these are just efforts and not results. Thus, in summing

up with the data provided and on the different areas covered, the world is yet and is

still not progressing in terms of socio-political dimension.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, we therefore conclude that the socio-political

dimension of the world has many lacking areas that deteriorates the life of today.

Thus, in addressing the study regarding the betterment of life in this contemporary

world based on the areas covered, the researchers fully agree that in totality the
contemporary world is not becoming better place to live in. This study rejects the

hypothesis and the researchers firmly believe, in terms of socio-political

dimension, that the contemporary world is not becoming a better place to live in.

In addition, to the theory of globalism, this study rejects the belief because

of the data pertaining to the degradation of the contemporary world in terms of

socio-political dimension, thus it does not promote democracy and freedom.

Recommendations

This paper suggests that future researchers should further search for more

studies involving other globalization theories to strengthen the efficacy of this

research study, as well as the cities on different continents to further expand the

information available for future references.

As to governments and continents all around the globe, the researchers

suggests solidifying efforts on the betterment of living of their citizens and to

actualize these efforts to actions and outcomes. They need to enhance in socio-

political aspects to improve the condition of their areas and collectively as a whole

nation.
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APPENDICES
Appendix A
 CURRICULUM VITAE

ESTENZO, NIEVA MARIE A.

Purok 7, Nangka, Consolacion, Cebu
09067075169
nievamarieestenzo14@gmail.com
Fb: Nieva Marie Estenzo

_____________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : October 7, 1999
Age : 20
Birthplace : Sacred Heart Hospital
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Gender : Female
Height : 165 cm
Citizenship : Filipino
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Tertiary : University of Cebu – Banilad Campus (*current BSA 2nd Year)
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2018-2019
Secondary : University of Cebu- Banilad Senior High School Department
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2016-2018
Primary : Nangka Elementary School
Nangka, Consolacion, Cebu
2008-2012

JUMAO-AS, ZENETH G.
Yati, Liloan, Cebu
09369051180
zgjumaoas@icloud.com
Fb: Zeneth Villanza

______________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : March 18, 2000
Age : 19
Birthplace : Lower Hermag, Pagsabungan, Mandaue City
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Gender : Female
Height : 151cm
Citizenship : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Tertiary : University of Cebu – Banilad Campus (*current BSA 2nd Year)
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2018-2019
Secondary : University of Cebu- Banilad Senior High School Department
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2016-2018
Primary : Basak Elementary School
Basak, Mandaue City, Cebu
2006-2012

CANTANO, CHENNY MARIE C.

Poblacion Occidental, Consolacion, Cebu
09353562201
cm.cantano@gmail.com
Fb: Chen Cantano

__________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : August 03, 1999
Age : 20
Birthplace : Lying-In Clinic, Consolacion, Cebu
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Gender : Female
Height : 149 cm
Citizenship : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Tertiary : University of Cebu – Banilad Campus (current BSA 2nd Year)
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2018-2019
Secondary : University of Cebu- Banilad Senior High School Department
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2016-2018
Primary : Consolacion Central School
Poblacion Occidental, Consolacion, Cebu
2006-2012
POSPOS, KATHLEEN JADE N.
Pilit, Cabancalan, Mandaue City, Cebu
09974585127
kathleenjadepospos45@gmail.com
Fb: Kathleen Jade Pospos

__________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : April 5, 2000
Age : 19
Birthplace : Cabancalan, Mandaue City
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Gender : Female
Height : 156 cm
Citizenship : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Tertiary : University of Cebu – Banilad Campus (current BSA 2nd Year)
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2018-2019
Secondary : University of Cebu- Banilad Senior High School Department
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2016-2018
Primary : Cabancalan II Elementary School
Cabancalan, Mandaue City, Cebu
2006-2012
HORTELANO, JASON A.
Villa Leyson Subd., Bacayan, Cebu
09153187685
jasonhortz21@yahoo.com
Fb: JasPerez Hortz

__________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : August 14, 1993
Age : 26
Birthplace : Cebu City
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Gender : Male
Height : 5’6
Citizenship : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Tertiary : University of Cebu – Banilad Campus (*current BSIT 2nd Year)
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2018-2019
Secondary : Pit-os National High School
Pit-os, Cebu City, Cebu
2007-2011
Primary : Mandaue City Central School
Mandaue City, Cebu
2001-2007
HERANA, MC EVANS M.
Cogon Poblacion, Liloan, Cebu
09273780717
mcevansherana@gmail.com
Fb: Mc Evans Herana

__________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : September 11, 1999
Age : 20
Birthplace : Baan, Butuan City
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Gender : Male
Height : 157 cm
Citizenship : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Tertiary : University of Cebu – Banilad Campus (current BSA 2nd Year)
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2018-2019
Secondary : University of Cebu- Banilad Senior High School Department
Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, Cebu
2016-2018
Primary : Obrero Elementary School
Obrero, Butuan City
2011-2012