NORMAL REFERENCE VALUES

Dr Ayush Goel et al.

24. paraspinal lines:

A list of normal radiological reference values is as
o left: <10 mm wide
follows:
o right: <3 mm wide
1. adrenal gland: <1 cm thick, 4-6 cm length 25. paratracheal stripe: <5 mm
26. pancreatic duct
2. aorta: <3 cm diameter
3. appendix: on CT <6 mm calibre
4. atlantodental distance o head: 3.5 mm
o adults: <3 mm o body: 2.5 mm
o children: <5 mm o tail: 1.5 mm
5. azygous vein: on erect chest x-ray < 10 mm 2. portal vein: <13 mm diameter
diameter 3. prevertebral soft tissue thickness (lateral c-spine
6. bladder wall: <3 mm (well distended state) x-ray):
7. boehler's angle: 20-40o
8. capitolunate angle: <30o o 7 mm at C2
9. carinal angle: <60-70o o 2 cm at C7
10. colon: o easiest way to remember is "7 at 2 and
o lumen: <5 cm 2 at 7" 
o wall: <3 mm o prostate volume: <25 - 30 cc
11. common bile duct o pulmonary artery
o <7 mm and add 1 mm for each decade o descending branch of right pulmonary
over age of 60 years artery: <16 mm (males), <15 mm
o up to 10 mm post cholecystectomy (females)
12. diaphragm (right dome is usually higher than o main pulmonary artery: <29 mm
left) o rectum: wall thickness <5 mm
o difference between right and left: <3 cm o scapholunate angle: 30-60o
13. endometrial thickness o small bowel
o pre-menopausal: 3-15 mm o lumen: <3 cm
o post-menopausal: <6 mm o wall: <3 mm
14. esophagus wall: <3 mm (with distended lumen) o spleen: <12 cm
15. gallbladder wall: <3 mm (well distended) o splenic vein: <10 mm diameter
16. heart (cardiothoracic ratio): <55% o testis
17. inferior vena cava: <28 mm o vein: <2 mm diameter
18. internal carotid artery: o size: <5 x 3 x 3 cms (volume: 12.5-19
o PSV: <125 cm/s cc)
o EDV: <40 cm/s o thyroid: <2 cm anteroposterior
19. kidneys : 8-10 cm x 4-6 cm dimension
20. liver span: <15 cm o trachea
21. lymph nodes o chest x-ray: <25 mm (males) , <21 mm
o mediastinal: <10mm in short axis (females)
o retro-crural: <6mm in diameter o ureter: 30-34 cm long, 2-8 mm diameter
22. ovarian follicle: <2.5-3 cm o uterus
23. ovaries: volume o prebuscent: length up to 3 cm, diameter
o pre-menopausal: <18 cc around 1 cm
o post-menopausal: <8 cc o nulliparous: length up to 8 cm, diameter
around 8 cm
o multiparous: length up to 9.5 cm,
diameter around 5.5c m
o postmenopausal: length up to 6 cm,
diameter around 2 cm
o uterine cervix: diameter less than 3 cm